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Nature of Science

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1. Nature of Science. Science system of knowledge based on facts or principles. ... Zoology (animals) Botany (plants) Ecology (life and environment) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Nature of Science


1
  • Nature of Science
  • Science system of knowledge based on facts or
    principles.
  • Observing, studying, and experimenting
  • Branches of Science
  • Natural Science 3 parts
  • Biological Science living things
  • Zoology (animals)
  • Botany (plants)
  • Ecology (life and environment)
  • Earth Science study of the earth
  • Geology (rocks)
  • Meteorology (weather)
  • Oceanography (oceans)

2
  • Physical Science matter and energy
  • Chemistry matter and how it changes.
  • Physics energy and forces.
  • Do these branches ever cross? YES
  • Biochemistry matter of living things.
  • Geophysics forces that affect the Earth.
  • Science vs. Technology
  • Technology use of science to meet human needs.
  • Scientists how/why something works
  • engineers how can we use it

3
  • Scientific theories vs. laws
  • Theory explanation that has been tested by
    repeated observations.
  • Must be simple and clear.
  • Must be repeatable.
  • Predict from theory
  • Law states a repeated observation about nature.
  • Math and Science
  • Math language of science
  • area of rectangle length x width
  • Gravity Force G (M1 x M2)/d2
  • Models representation of an object/event that
    can be studied to understand the real thing.

4
  • Chemical models
  • Drawings on paper
  • Computer models
  • Way Science Works
  • Scientific Method series of steps to solve
    problems
  • 6 steps
  • Observe
  • Hypothesis
  • Experiment
  • Results (data)
  • Analysis
  • Conclusion

5
  • Each experiment tests one variable at a time.
  • Variable anything that can be changed in an
    experiment.
  • Are there failures in science? NO!!
  • If experiments result dont agree with
    hypothesis, you still have learned.
  • Scientific Tools
  • Senses
  • Microscopes/telescopes
  • Radio telescopes
  • Spectrophotometers
  • Particle accelerators

6
  • Units of Measurement
  • International System of Units (SI)
  • Used for consistency
  • SI base units
  • Length - meter, m
  • Mass - kilogram, kg
  • Time - second, s
  • Temperature - Kelvin, K
  • Electric current - ampere, A
  • Amount of substance - mole, mol
  • Luminous intensity - candela, cd

7
  • SI prefixes
  • Kilo k thousand 1,000
  • Mega M million 1,000,000
  • Giga G billion 1,000,000,000
  • Deci d tenth 0.1
  • Centi c hundredth 0.01
  • Milli m thousandth 0.001
  • Micro - millionth 0.000001
  • Nano n billionth 0.000000001
  • Conversions

8
  • Making Measurements
  • Length straight line distance between 2 points.
  • Mass quantity of matter in an object.
  • Volume measure of space.
  • Weight force with which gravity pulls on a
    quantity of matter.
  • Organizing Data
  • Types of Graphs
  • Line graph best for displaying data that
    change.
  • X-axis and y-axis.

9
  • Bar graph used to compare data for several
    individual items or events.
  • Shows the large or small differences in certain
    values.
  • Pie charts used for displaying data that are
    parts of a whole.
  • Writing Scientific notation
  • Scientific notation simple number multiplied by
    a power of 10.
  • T distance to Neptune 4,600,000,000,000 m
  • speed of light 300,000,000 m/s
  • 4.6 x 1012 m
  • 3.0 x 108 m/s

10
  • Can be large or small
  • 104 10,000
  • 10-4 .0001
  • Using scientific notation
  • Multiply add values of 10
  • 2.0 x 104 x 3.0 x 105 6.0 x 109
  • Divide subtract values of 10
  • 4.6 x 1012 4.6 x 1012 1.5x104
  • 3.0 x 108 3.0 108
  • Using Significant figures
  • Significant figures digits in a measurement
    that are known with certainty.

11
  • Precision vs. Accuracy
  • Precision degree of exactness of a measurement.
  • Accuracy extent a measurement approaches the
    true value.
  • Figure 1 20, page 25
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