Welcome to Diabetes SelfManagement Class

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Welcome to Diabetes Self-Management Class!
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Diabetes How Common Is It?
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Diabetes in the U.S.

• 18.2 million in the U.S. have diabetes.
• 13 million have been diagnosed.
• 5.2 million have diabetes and dont know it.

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How Many are Diagnosed In the U.S.?

• 800,000 are diagnosed each year.
• 2,000 are diagnosed each day.
• 90 are diagnosed each hour.

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Diabetes in Kentucky

• About 303,000 adult Kentuckians have diabetes
  (10) (1/3 dont know they have it).
• Kentucky ties for 18th in the nation in numbers
  of people with diabetes.

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Cost of the Disease

• 132 billion a year in cost.
• 13,243 a year for a person with diabetes.
• 2,560 a year for a person without diabetes

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Diabetes What Is It?
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Normal Body Function
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Food you eat becomes fuel for your body
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Food you eat becomes fuel for your body
Swallow food, goes into stomach small
intestines Broken into carbohydrate, fats,
protein Absorbed into blood for energy.
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So whenever a person eats

• This rise in blood glucose sends a signal to the
  pancreas to release a hormone called insulin.

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Why is Insulin So Important?
Insulin is like a key that opens up the door and
allows the sugar to get out of the blood and
inside the cell where the cell can burn the
fuel for energy!
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Diabetes happens when
The body does not make enough insulin.
Insulin does not work right.
OR

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Type 1 Diabetes
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Type 1 Diabetes

• Pancreas no longer makes insulin.
• Sugar builds up in the blood stream.
• People must take insulin shots to live.

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Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

• Insulin
• Meal Planning
• Exercise
• Blood Glucose Monitoring
• Education

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Type 2 Diabetes
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Type 2 Diabetes

• Affects 90-95 of people who have diabetes.
• Pancreas makes insulin, but it doesnt work well.
• It is linked to overweight and physical
  inactivity.

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Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

• Meal Planning (weight loss)
• Exercise
• Medication (pills and/or insulin)
• Blood Glucose Monitoring
• Education

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Diabetes Is Not Just One Disease

• Does taking insulin mean a person has
• Type 1 diabetes?

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Which type of diabetes do you think you have?
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
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Diabetes end result High blood sugar
Normal
Diabetes
)
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Signs of Diabetes

• Thirst
• Hunger
• Unexplained tiredness
• More urination than usual

• Blurred vision
• Sores that wont heal
• Weight loss (mainly Type I)
• Many people have no symptoms

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Causes of Diabetes

• It is more common among
• African Americans
• Hispanics
• Native Americans Asian Americans
• Pacific Islanders

• Being overweight
• Family history
• Virus
• May be related to other medical problems

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You are at a higher risk for diabetes if

• You are over 45.
• You do not exercise regularly.
• You have a family history of diabetes.

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You are at higher risk for diabetes if
(continued)

• You had gestational diabetes, or had a baby
  weighing more than 9 pounds at birth.

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How do you diagnose diabetes?

• Fasting blood glucose gt 126 mg/dl on two
  occasions.
• Random blood glucose of gt 200 mg/dl with symptoms
  of high blood sugar.
• Oral Glucose Tolerance Test two hour glucose gt
  200 mg/dl.

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Normal Blood Sugar Values

• The fasting blood sugar should be lt 100 mg/dl.

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Target Blood Glucose Levels

• Before Breakfast Goal 90 -130
  mg/dl
• 1-2 hours after meal Goal 180 mg/dl
• Before Bed Goal 110 -150 mg/dl
• A1C lt 7

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Pre-Diabetes

• This refer to a blood glucose level that is
  between normal levels and levels diagnostic for
  diabetes
• Fasting 100 - 125
• Random 140 -199

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Kentucky is High Risk for Diabetes!

• One in every two (50) adult Kentuckians are at
  high risk of developing diabetes!
• Risk factors
• Age
• Overweight
• Sedentary Lifestyle

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What are some things your family members could do
to decrease their risk of developing diabetes?
Prevention

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Diabetes Can Lead to Complications

• With Diabetes we think of too much SUGAR In
  Blood!
• But body also has trouble using FATS PROTEINS
  Increased risk for high blood pressure high
  cholesterol Heart Attack, Stroke, Blood Vessel
  Problems, and MORE

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It does not go away But IT CAN BE CONTROLLED!
Diabetes Is Chronic
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Type 2 Diabetes In Children (youth) began
seeing more cases 1990s.20 of all children
with diabetes have Type 2.
Diabetes in Children
Children with diabetes 10 of all cases of
diabetes.
Type 2 Diabetes In Youth Is An Emerging Epidemic
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Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes In Children
Insulin glucophage are the only FDA approved
medications.
Caution! Cannot use Glucophage in pregnancy!