Cost Benefit Analyses of Using Grafted Watermelon Transplants for Fusarium Wilt Disease Control - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Cost Benefit Analyses of Using Grafted Watermelon Transplants for Fusarium Wilt Disease Control

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Title: Cost Benefit Analyses of Using Grafted Watermelon Transplants for Fusarium Wilt Disease Control


1
Cost Benefit Analyses of Using Grafted Watermelon
Transplants for Fusarium Wilt Disease Control
  • ISHS
  • Transplants
  • San Antonio, TX
  • December 3-5, 2006
  • Merritt Taylor, Benny Bruton,
  • Wayne Fish, Warren Roberts

2
Fusarium Wilt
  • Is considered to be a vine decline disease of
    watermelon where vine vigor gradually deteriorates

3
Fusarium Wilt Symptoms
  • Damping off
  • Seedling Disease
  • Wilt During any Stage of Development

4
Fusarium wilt symptoms on mature plants typically
appear following fruit-set
  • May appear as a dull gray-green appearance of the
    leaves
  • Followed by yellowing of the crown foliage
  • Wilting during the heat of the day
  • Eventual death

5
Grafting of watermelons
  • May provide resistance to Fusarium wilt

6
Grafting Watermelons for Disease Control is Not
New
  • For many years - European Asian growers have
    been grafting watermelon onto other Cucubitaceous
    crops for
  • Soil-borne disease control
  • Fusarium oxysporum f. sp niveum
  • Nematode control

7
Grafting Watermelons for Disease Control is Not
New
  • More than 95 of Watermelon Production is Grafted
    in
  • Japan
  • Korea

8
Historical Rootstocks for Disease Resistance
  • Cucurbita (squash)
  • Benincasa
  • Lagenaria spp. (gourd)
  • (These rootstocks are not resistant to
  • all Soil-borne diseases)

9
Susceptibility of some Rootstocks
  • Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria)
  • Susceptible to F. oxysporum f. sp. lagenariae
  • Watermelon
  • Susceptible to Fusarium solani f sp. cucurbitae
    Race 1
  • Watermelon, squash, pumpkin
  • Susceptible to Cucurbit Yellow Vine Disease
    (CYVD) caused by Serratia marcescens

10
Grafted Watermelon
11
Disease Resistance Tests at Lane,
Oklahoma2-years of Experiments
  • Five Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) scions
  • Four Rootstocks
  • Squash (Cucurbita sp) or
  • Gourd (Langenaria sp)

12
Five Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Scions from
Abbot Cobb
  • SF800, SS5244, SS7167, SS7177, SS7187
  • Grown as
  • Non-grafted plants
  • or
  • Grafted onto Rootstocks of
  • RS1330, RS1332, RS1420, RS1421

13
Commercially Grafted Plants
  • Abbot Cobb Seed Company
  • Alamo Transplants Inc., Alamo Texas

14
Non-Grafted Controls
  • Sangria
  • Royal Sweet
  • Jubilee
  • Jamboree

15
Disease Control Trials for 2 Years
  • Two Fields Planted Each Year
  • Three Replications of Each Treatment per Field
  • Plants Grown at 1-Meter Spacing Between Plants
  • Rows 3-Meters Apart

16
Disease Control Results
  • No Grafted Plants Lost to Fusarium wilt
  • Other cultivars, especially Jubilee exhibited
    varying degrees of wilt incidence.

17
Additional Plants grown as Controls
  • Non-Grafted Cultivars
  • Sangria
  • Royal Sweet
  • Jubilee
  • Jamboree

18
Rootstock-Scion Selection Has Profound Effect on
Yield Fruit QualityPrevious Papers Have
Reported That Quality of Fruit Declined with
Grafting
19
Examples of Poor Fruit Quality
  • Yetisir Found When Squash Was Used as a
    Rootstock
  • Yield and or Quality Was Often Inferior to
    non-grafted plants

20
Other Findings of Benefits of Grafting Other Than
Disease Control
  • Off-season Production
  • Early maturity for market window when prices are
    high (previously unreachable)
  • Using low tunnels, grafted plants mature early in
    Greece
  • Potential Yield Increases
  • Ioannou et. al. found that The yield of grafted
    Crimson Sweet watermelon reached a record level
    of 150 tonnes/ha

21
Lane Researchers Tested for Quality Attributes
  • Yield
  • Sugar Content
  • Lycopene
  • Firmness of Flesh

22
Matching of scions with appropriate rootstock was
important
  • Interactions did occur
  • Certain combinations were significantly superior
    to other combinations

23
What Does This Mean to the Watermelon Industry?
24
Cost of Transplants
  • Non-grafted (seedless) watermelon - 0.28
  • Grafted (seedless) Watermelon - 0.75
  • 1,500 plants per acre
  • 3,706 plants per hectare

25
Table 1. Comparative Cost of Production in US
per Acre per Hectare
26
To breakeven on the costs of planting non-grafted
plantsAt a cost of production of 2,698/haA
Farmer would need to sell 50,000kg/ha
  • For 0.12/kg

27
To breakeven on the costs of planting grafted
plants(An Increased Cost of 1,743/ha) At a
cost of production of 4,440/ha A Farmer would
need to sell 50,000kg/ha
  • For 0.16/kg

28
Normal conditions (with no disease)
  • Non-grafted transplants
  • 50,000 kg/ha expected production
  • 0.17/kg expected selling price
  • 2,302/ha profit

29
Fusarium wilt disease infestation
  • Non-grafted transplants
  • 25,000 kg/ha expected reduced production
  • 0.17/kg expected selling price
  • -(198)/ha loss

30
Fusarium wilt disease infestation
  • Grafted transplants
  • 50,000 kg/ha expected production
  • 0.17/kg expected selling price
  • 560/ha profit

31
Risk Management Disease ControlA Practical
Question
  • 50,000 kg/ha expected
  • 0.17/kg expected
  • 50 loss due to disease with non-grafted
  • Non-grafted plants -(198)/ha loss
  • Grafted Plants 560/ha profit (with 1,743
    increased investment)

32
Return on investment
  • Non-grafted with disease -(198) loss
  • Grafted 560 profit on 4,440 invested
    12.6 return on investment

33
Grafting of Watermelon May Help Farmers
  • Will cost more
  • Reduce losses due to diseases
  • Potential increased yields

34
Thank YouQuestions?
  • Merritt Taylor
  • Benny Bruton
  • Wayne Fish
  • Warren Roberts
  • www.lane-ag.org
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