Nitrogen Fertilization Optimization Algorithms NFOA for Winter Wheat, Spring Wheat, and Corn

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Nitrogen Fertilization Optimization Algorithms
NFOA for Winter Wheat, Spring Wheat, and Corn
precision SENSING
Oklahoma State University
Ukiah, CA Stillwater, OK
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Summer Sampling 1994
Winter Sampling 1994
75 Water Wellssampled 4 times per year for 2
years
Grant
Grant
Garfield
Garfield
Kingfisher
Kingfisher
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1953-72
1993-94
wells gt 10 mg/kg
wells gt 10 mg/kg
16
32
no change
significant decrease
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37
39
significant increase
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Tritium/Helium-3 Groundwater Dating

• Well 1952 1996 Location Depth Age
• Dover Phillips m yr
• 20.7 12.6 farm 5.1 100
• 0.2 8.6 farm 5.7 10
• 0.0 1.0 farm 3.0 22
• 0.3 49.3 corral 4.5 3-5
• 0.3 13.7 corral 5.1 18
• 1.3 17.4 corral 4.8 15
• 2.7 86.5 residence 5.5 50-75
• 1.4 50.4 urban 5.5 3
• 7.0 13.1 farm 5.4 13
• 3.4 39 corral 7.9 nd

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Variable Response Index
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WINTER WHEAT
In-SeasonEstimatedYield (INSEY)
NDVI at F5

days from planting to F5, GDDgt0
Good predictor of final grain yieldRequires
only one sensor readingWork over different
regions/biotypes
Units N uptake, kg ha-1 day-1 where GDDgt0
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WINTER Wheat NFOA
Aug 16, 2002
Aug 28, 2002
Nov 7, 2002
1. Establish preplant N Rich Strip(NRS) 4.
Determine Response Index (RI)2. NDVI (biomass),
Feekes 4-6
NDVINRS/NDVIFarmer3. Predict potential yield
(each 0.4m2) 5. Predict potential grain
yield need of days from planting to (YP0)
with added N, YPN (YP0RI) sensing
(INSEY biomass prod./day) 6. Fertilizer Rec
(grain N uptake INSEY vs. Yld eqn.
YPN grain N uptake
YP0/0.7)
YPN
RI
days from planting to sensing (GDDgt0)
YP0
Planting date
NDVI (sensing date)
November
March
June
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Kenneth Failes, Cherokee, OK (March 20, 2002)
RI 0.60/0.57 1.1
Predicted yieldwith N fertilization(YPN)
RI
N-Rich Strip
days from planting to sensing
Predicted yieldwith no added Nfertilization
(YP0)
Planting date
Farmer Check
NDVI (sensing date)
INSEY (NDVI/days from planting to sensing where
GDDgt0)YPN YP0 RIFertilizer N (Grain N
uptake at YPN Grain N uptake at YP0)/0.7
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www.dasnr.okstate.edu/nitrogen_use
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Hand-held Sensors Ciudad Obregon,
MexicoTexcoco, MexicoToluca, Mexico Saraguro,
EcuadorNanjing, China
NITROGEN MANAGEMENTWinter WheatSpring
WheatCornSorghumBermudagrassCotton
Lincoln, NE - USDA-ARSColumbia, MO
USDA-ARSAmes, IA USDA-ARSMankato, MN Univ.
of Minn.Tribune, KS Kansas State
Univ.Manhattan, KS Kansas State Univ.Fort
Collins, CO Colorado State Univ.
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Alternative Uses Variety Selection-BermudagrassC
.M. Taliaferro, OSUDisease Resistance-PeanutsK.
Dashiell, OSUWheat Rust ResistanceR. Singh,
CIMMYTDurum Yield PotentialW. Pfeiffer,
CIMMYTBread Wheat Yield PotentialA. Klatt,
OSUM. van Ginkel, CIMMYT
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Procedure
Output Potential yield without N, potential
yield with N, N fertilizer needed
(1) NDVI collected from NRich Strip Farmer
Practice
Enter Max Yield for areaPlanting date, sensing
date, NDVI values from (1)
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Hand-HELD NFOA for Spring WheatMexico-2003Ecuado
r-2003
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Plant Breeding (Rust Screening, El Batan,
Mexico)NDVI sensor readings taken from a Durum
Wheat Breeding Nursery (pre-flowering) on August
27 correlated with final grain yield, October 15,
2002
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SPRING WHEAT
In-SeasonEstimatedYield (INSEY)
NDVI at F5

days from planting to first node
Good predictor of final grain yieldRequires
only one sensor reading
Units N uptake, kg ha-1 day-1
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SPRING Wheat NFOA
Aug 16, 2002
Aug 28, 2002
Nov 7, 2002
1. Establish preplant N Rich Strip(NRS) 4.
Predict potential grain yield 2. NDVI
(biomass), Feekes 7 NRS,
YPNRS (INSEY vs Yld eqn.)3. Predict potential
yield (each 0.4m2) 5. Fertilizer Rec
(grain N uptake need of days from
planting to (YP0) YPNRS grain N uptake
YP0/0.7) sensing (INSEY biomass
prod./day)
YPNRS
days from planting to sensing
YP0
Planting date
NDVI (sensing date)
November
March
June
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Early season N Stress in Spring Wheat

• Ability of spring wheat under irrigation to
  achieve maximum yields (N fertilized at first
  node)

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CORN NFOA
Aug 16, 2002
Aug 28, 2002
Nov 7, 2002
1. Establish preplant N Rich Strip(NRS) 4.
Determine Response Index (RI)2. NDVI (biomass),
6-8 leaf
NDVINRS/NDVIFarmer3. Predict potential yield
(each plant) 5. Predict potential grain
yield need of days from planting to (YP0)
with added N, YPN (YP0RI) sensing
(INSEY biomass prod./day) 6. Fertilizer Rec
(grain N uptake INSEY vs. Yld eqn.
YPN grain N uptake
YP0/0.7)
YPN
RI
days from planting to sensing
YP0
Planting date
NDVI (sensing date)
May
June
August
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Tom Cannon Farm, Blackwell, OK (April 11, 2002)
Response Index NDVI (N-Rich Strip) (117
kg/ha) 0.8
NDVI Farmer Check (50 kg/ha) 0.6
RI 0.8/0.6 1.33
N-Rich Strip
Kenneth Failes, Cherokee, OK (March 20, 2002)
RI 0.60/0.57 1.1
Farmer Check
N-Rich Strip
Farmer Check
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• Strong correlation between RINDVI (vegetative
  stages) and RI HARVEST
• Accurately predict the crops ability to respond
  to N
• RINDVI may refine whether or not N should be
  applied, and how much

Check
N-Rich Strip
NDVI 0.83
NDVI 0.62
RINDVI 0.83/0.62 1.34
2500 kg/ha
1900 kg/ha
RIHarvest 2500/1900 1.32
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YPMAX
YP0
YPN (RI2.0)
YPN (RI1.5)
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Response Index vs. Sufficiency
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Rationale for Fertilizing at the 6-8 leaf stage
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Rationale for Fertilizing at the 6-8 leaf stage
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Boman et al., 1995 (Winter Wheat)

• Advantages of mid-season N application (versus
  preplant)
• Midseason N delayed to March not advantageous

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CORN
In-SeasonEstimatedYield (INSEY)
NDVI, 6-8 leaf

days from planting to sensing
ProblemsMethod of collecting by-plant NDVI
readingsGreen vs. Red NDVI
Units N uptake, kg ha-1 day-1
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