Update on EAB and Other Invasive Species

1
Update on EAB and Other Invasive Species
Why Trees Matter Forum October 22, 2009
Amy Stone and Joe Boggs Ohio State University
Extension
2
Insect Pests Imported From Other Countries Many
Names

• Non-Native Pests
• Non-Native Invasive Pests
• Introduced Pests
• Alien Invaders
• Exotic Pests

3
Insect Pests Imported From Other Countries Many
Names

• Referred to by many names
• All essentially mean the same thing
• They did not evolve here
• They have few if any natural enemies
• Their U.S. hosts have little or no tolerance

4
Notable Bad Apples

• Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar
• Japanese Beetle, Popillia japonica
• Asian Longhorned Beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis
• Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis

2002
1916
1870
1996
5
The Popular View
6
Non-Native Pests

• Don't Over-React!

7
In other words
Think about it
gather information, then react to the specific
situation!
8
How Do Non-Native Pests Spread?

• Let's Talk About Natural Spread

9
Consider how Forest Fires Spread
Hot Spot Zone
Main Fire Zone

• Forest Fires Spread Two Ways
• Along a fire front at the edge of the main fire
• By leapfrogging with hot spots

10
How Non-Native Pests Spread
Transition Zone
Non-infested Zone
Infested Zone

• Non-Native Insect Pests Spread like a Forest
  Fire
• Along a main front at the edge of the infested
  zone
• By leapfrogging with hot spots

11
A Perfect Segway
12
What's Happened with Gypsy Moth?
13
What Have We Learned from Japanese Beetles?
14
Ambrosia Beetles
15
Ambrosia Beetles in Ohioa Partial List

• Non-Natives
• Ambrosiodmus rubricollis
• Dryoxylon onoharaensis
• Euwallacea validus
• Xyleborus californicus
• Xyleborus pelliculosus
• Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Granulated Ambrosia
  Beetle)
• Natives
• Monarthrum fasciatum (Yellow-Banded Timber
  Beetle)
• oak, maple, birch, sweetgum, blackgum, and
  hickory
• Xyloterinus politus (Beech Timber Beetle)
• Beech, oak, maple, birch, hickory, ash, and
  magnolia

16
The Big Gorillas
17
Asian Longhorned Beetle (ALB) (Anoplophora
glabripennis)
Cerambycidae
18
ALB Host Trees

• All Maples
• Sugar
• Silver
• Red
• Norway
• Boxelder

• Ash
• Birches
• Elms
• Willows
• Poplars
• Horsechestnuts
• Buckeyes

OH No!
19
ALB Holes
20
Tree Trunk Basics
Boring Basics
21
Ring Porous
Ash Black Locust Elm Hickory Honeylocust Oak
22
Diffuse Porous
Birch Beech Dogwood Maple Poplar Sycamore Spruces,
Pines, Firs, Hemlock
23
ALB Boring Activity
Result Branch Breakage!
24
ALB Boring Activity
25
ALB in New York /New Jersey
26
ALB in Chicago
1998
ERADICATED!!
27
ALB in Massachusetts
2008
Estimated at least 5-6 yrs. old prior to discovery
64 sq. mile USDA APHIS ALB regulated area
By July, 2009 25,000 trees destroyed
28
ALB Eradication Program
29
ALB is a Traveler!
Here's my card. Look me up when you get to Ohio!
30
ALB in Southwest Ohio
2009
31
Another Segway
32
Amicus plannipennis Ominous
33
It's already among us
34
Emerald Ash Borer

• Agrilus planipennis

35
EAB Only Attacks Ash Trees
36
Loss of large ash trees in landscapes can be
devastating to homeowners
Synchronized Death
37
States With Known EAB Infestations
38
Known EAB Infestations
39
How Did EAB Spread So Far So Fast?
40
EAB Rate of Spread
¼ Mile / Yr.
Transition Zone
Non-infested Zone
Infested Zone

• Non-Native Insect Pests Spread like a Forest
  Fire
• Along a main front at the edge of the infested
  zone
• By leapfrogging with hot spots

41
Spread From Oldest Infestation
¼ Mile / Yr.
10 20 Miles per Year!
Infested Zone
Transition Zone
Non-infested Zone
Infested Zone

• Non-Native Insect Pests Spread like a Forest
  Fire
• Along a main front at the edge of the infested
  zone
• By leapfrogging with hot spots

• Non-Native Insect Pests Spread like a Forest
  Fire
• When the main Fire reaches a critical mass
• The rate of spread increases

42
EAB in Ohio
51 Counties with Known Infestations, 55 Counties
Quarantined
43
EAB Detection Trap
44
Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) AdultAgrilus planipennis
Metallic Wood-Boring Beetles
Order Coleoptera Family Buprestidae
Flat Back
D
ead

Round Belly
D-Shaped Exit Hole
45
EAB Larval Feeding Behavior
Larvae Live Beneath the Bark of Living Ash Trees
Larvae consume phloem, cambium, and etch the xylem
46
Ash is a Ring Porous Tree
47
EAB on Ash
Tree decline and death can be rapid 3-5 years
EAB Damage
48
EAB Diagnostics
BE CAREFUL! These symptoms could be caused by
something else
49
What Should We Do??
50
EAB Management Options
51
EAB Management Options

• Do nothing, let nature take its course.
• Ash tree removal, replacement.
• Insecticide treatments.

52
Insecticide Options for EAB

• Bark and canopy sprays
• Astro, Onyx
• Soil injections / drenches
• imidacloprid (e.g. Xytect 2x, Merit, Bayer
  Advanced Tree Shrub Insect Control)
• dinotefuron (Safari) Spring Only!
• Trunk injections
• imidacloprid (Xytect Infusable, Imicide, IMA-jet,
  Pointer)
• bidrin (Inject-A-Cide B)
• emamectin benzoate (TREE-äge)
• Systemic Trunk Sprays
• dinotefuron (Safari) Spring Only!

http//ashalert.osu.edu/
http//www.emeraldashborer.info/
53
Overarching Non-Native Pest Management Objective
There is no Best Plan! One size does not fit
all!!

• Develop a Plan!

Develop YOUR OWN Plan!
54
Guiding Principle
Those are my principles, and if you don't like
them... well, I have others. -- Groucho Marx

• Everyone is entitled to their own opinion, but
  not their own facts.
• -- Daniel Patrick Moynihan

55
We Are Getting Close to the End
56
Our Final Point
57
To Reduce Confusion

• Keep Yourself Updated!

58
EAB Information

• www.emeraldashborer.info
• ashalert.osu.edu
• www.ohioagriculture.gov/eab
• www.entm.purdue.edu/EAB/index.shtml

Questions?
59
A General EAB Plan
Seek Professional Help!

• Get the Numbers
• Perform an ash inventory
• Ash Numbers
• Ash sizes
• Ash relative to landscape impact
• Evaluate individual tree health is the tree
  worth saving?
• Get the Costs
• Removal
• Replacement
• Treatment
• Consider your location relative to the nearest
  known EAB infestation
• We recommend to homeowners and others that they
  consult with an ISA Certified Arborist

60
Professional Help