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ATM OCN 100 - Fall 2000 LECTURE 1B

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Overall Dimensions of Earth's atmosphere. About 100 km (62 mi) thick; ... THE SURFACE WEATHER MAP. Meaning of synoptic weather analysis ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ATM OCN 100 - Fall 2000 LECTURE 1B


1
ATM OCN 100 - Fall 2000LECTURE 1B
  • OBSERVATIONS of EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE
  • A. INTRODUCTION Practical Questions
  • What constitutes the atmosphere?
  • What can we learn about the atmosphere?
  • Why do we want to know about it?

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B. THE PLANET EARTH
  • Uniqueness of Planet Earth
  • Water Planet
  • The planet with life
  • Components of Planet Earth System
  • Lithosphere
  • Atmosphere
  • Hydrosphere
  • Cryosphere
  • Biosphere
  • Interactions within System
  • Weathering
  • Hydrological cycle

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From Geog. 101 UW-Stevens Point
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C. SURVEY of PLANET EARTHS ATMOSPHERE
  • Importance of Earth's atmosphere
  • Moderates temperature of planet
  • Shields life from harsh space environment
  • Provides life with water, oxygen, etc.
  • Overall Dimensions of Earth's atmosphere
  • About 100 km (62 mi) thick
  • Compare with 6370 km (3950 mi) earth radius
    but ....

6
VERTICAL VARIATION in ATMOSPHERIC
DENSITIESSource U.S. Std. Atmosphere, 1976
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C. SURVEY OF PLANET EARTHS ATMOSPHERE (cont)
  • Importance of Earth's atmosphere
  • Overall Dimensions of Earth's atmosphere
  • Comparison with other components of Earth System

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ESTIMATED VOLUMES MASSES of EARTH SYSTEM
COMPONENTSSource J.Y. Wang, 1975
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D. WEATHER-CLIMATE ELEMENTS
  • What we need to Know
  • Weight (mass), Energy, Constituents, Motion.
  • Observed Weather-Climate Elements
  • AIR PRESSURE
  • AIR TEMPERATURE
  • ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY
  • PRECIPITATION
  • CLOUD TYPE, AMOUNT
  • WINDS (SPEED DIRECTION)

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E. PROBING THE ATMOSPHERE
  • Surface vs. Aloft
  • Locations
  • Problems
  • Surface Weather Station
  • Human observer,
  • Thermometers, barometers, rain gauges, wind
    instruments, etc.

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Traditional Surface Weather Station
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Automated Weather Station (ASOS)
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NWS FAA Automatic Weather Stations
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Automated Weather Buoy
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E. PROBING THE ATMOSPHERE (cont.)
  • Other Observation Tools/Platforms
  • Radiosondes
  • Weather Radar
  • Weather Satellites
  • Meteorological Rockets
  • Wind Profilers

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Radiosonde
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Radiosonde (cont)
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RADIOSONDE LOCATIONS
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Weather Radar
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Weather Radar (cont.)
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Weather Radar (cont.)
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NWS DOPPLER RADAR SITES
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GOES Satellite
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Geosynchronous Satellite Field of View
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ATS-III in 1968
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GOES-11 in 2000
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Visible vs. IR Images
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Man Computer Data Acquisition System (McIDAS)
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TIROS in 1960s
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F. VISUALIZING THE WEATHERTHE SURFACE WEATHER
MAP
  • Meaning of synoptic weather analysis
  • synoptic syn same optic to see
  • Goal of synoptic weather analysis
  • Requirements for synoptic weather analysis
  • Same time of observation
  • Uniform instruments observation techniques

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MAP of TIME ZONESU.S. Naval Observatory, 1996
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F. THE SURFACE WEATHER MAP (cont.)
  • Historical perspective
  • First weather map in 1819 of 1783 Storm
  • Early U.S. Weather maps in 1870s.

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Surface weather map Sep. 1872
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F. THE SURFACE WEATHER MAP (cont.)
  • Interpretation of modern surface weather maps
    where...

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ON THE SURFACE WEATHER MAP
  • Pressure systems
  • Isobars (iso bar)
  • Highs Lows
  • Winds
  • Circulation around Highs Lows
  • The Hand-twist Model
  • Clouds
  • Fronts
  • Cold fronts, warm fronts stationary fronts

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Warm Front
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Cold Front
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Stationary Fronts
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