A Comparative UI Study for MyPlace

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A Comparative UI Study for MyPlace

• Mobile Navigation in Ubiquitous Environments
• Comparing Affect and Effectiveness of
  Linguistic and Cartographic Communication

Carolin Plate University of Osnabrueck Cognitive
Science Programme
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Study Background

• Cognitive Science
• at University of Osnabrück
• Bachelors
• (Oct 02 Nov 05)
• Linköpings Universitet
• Thesis at DFKI in the field of Usability
  Engineering
• Masters
• (Oct 05 - current)
• Thesis at University of Sydney

1)
1) Image taken from www.cogsci.uos.de
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Do we Think in Pictures? (sometimes?)

• Human information processing
• Human memory
• different for auditory and visual signals
• Hemispheres
• local (L) global (R) information
• Theories in information representation
• Propositional representations (Pylyshyn)
• Visual images (Shephard)
• Mental models (Johnson-Laird) ? cognitive maps
  (Oatley)

2)
dual-coding hypothesis (Pavio)
2) Image taken from http//www.brainwave-entrainm
ent.com/brain-hemispheres.jpg
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Spatial Cognition are we all different?

• Gender Differences
• Visualizers Verbalizers
• Do we (all) form cognitive maps?

(C) www.CartoonStock.com
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Research Question

• Mobile Navigation in Ubiquitous Environments
  Comparing Affect and Effectiveness of
  Cartographic and Linguistic Communication
• Mobile Navigation
• Pedestrians indoor, equipped with PDA
• Ubiquitous Environment
• invisibility problem
• Affect Effectiveness
• Usable effective, efficient, fun to use in the
  special context (ISO 9241-11)
• Communication
• HCI

Text is linear and flexible
3)
3) Image taken from http//db.auth.usyd.edu.au/di
rectories/map/building.stm?location25L
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CHAI- work PersonisAD
Description of the system in Assad, M.,
Carmichael, D., Kay, J., Kummerfeld, B., (to
appear). PersonisAD Distributed, active,
scrutable model framework for context-aware
services. In Proceedings of Pervasive 2007.
Toronto, Ontario, Canada Springer.
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CHAI- work MyPlace
4)
4) Carmichael, D., Kay, J., Kummerfeld, B., Niu,
W. (2006). MyWorkPlace Personalised information
about a ubiquitous computing enabled building.
In Proceedings of ubiPCMM 2006. Orange County,
California. 5) Assad, M., Kay J., Kummerfeld, B.
(2006). Models of people, places and devices for
location-aware services. In adjuct proceedings
of 4th International Pervasive Conference, Late
Breaking Results.
5)
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What I gonna add

• Models
• More devices
• Wayfinding display paths
• Display landmarks devices
• Show / Hide in map
• Show map
• Zoom in current location
• Zoom out (one level)
• View class of objects

Devices
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Interface Design
Graphical UI
Text-based UI
Devices
View 1 Object- based Overview
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Scenario and Tasks

• You just joined the CHAI group for doing your
  Honours year. On your first day, you are called
  to an appointment with Prof. Judy Kay to plan
  your research.
• Go to
• 1)
• 4)
• Give Directions to
• Go to
• 1)
• 4)
• Give Directions to
• Questionnaire

Text Interface
Map Interface
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Data Collection for Hypothesis

• You just joined the CHAI group for doing your
  Honours year. On your first day, you are called
  to an appointment with Prof. Judy Kay to plan
  your research.
• Go to
• 1)
• 4)
• Give Directions to
• Go to
• 1)
• 4)
• Give Directions to
• Questionnaire

Performance errors, time, clicks
Text Interface
Type of Directions
Performance errors, time, clicks
Map Interface
Type of Directions
Additional subjective data from Questionnaire
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Appendix
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Interface Design
Graphical UI
Text-based UI
Devices
View 2 Zoom in for Wayfinding
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Interface Design
Graphical UI
Text-based UI
Devices
Devices
View 3 Zoom in at Destination
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Possibilities for Tasks
Level 4
M Hidden fridge and microwave M consult rooms
Level 3
W Thai Fridge W printer W Judys
office W Wii and sofas
Level 2
E consult room E Ugrads officer E
reception, mail E copier, scanner W Usability
Lab
Level 1
E kitchen with coffee E lecture theatre
E board room (PC) W hidden
showers W Masters workstations W
digital projector
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Current Tasks

• Start Level 1 Foyer
• 1w 15 min too early. Is there sb around to have
  a chat?
• 3 Meeting with Judy. Go to her office.
• 3 Lunch. Find microwave to warm up food.
• 2w future lab group meeting starts in 5 min,
  where is it?
• ? give directions to the exit you entered the
  building.
• 1e meet the group for coffee at 10.00
• 1w You need to give presentation in the Lecture
  Theatre tomorrow and use slides for it. Make sure
  you have all the equipment you need.
• 2e Copy something / consult ugrad officer
• 4e meet Prof. Miller at consult room
• ? give directions to Future Lab
• Go to consult room? to fill in questionnaire
  debriefing

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Attributes of Texts and Maps
Textual Descriptions Maps
Sequential linear (Shneiderman 96, Freksa 99) Multiple 2D-layers (Shneiderman 96, Freksa 99)
? allows for mirroring the linear nature of following directions temporal or logical sequence (Denis) ? allows for indexing by location, superseding labeling (LarkinS 87)
? more active search, comprehension and inferences required (Cox99) ? search along these groupings is facilitated (LarkinS 87)
Unconstrained form of representation Bound to the spatial relations they mirror
? Powerful enough to describe arbitrary concrete or abstract relationships (Freksa 99 KrayELC) ? maps facilitate certain abstractions and inferences (LarkinS 87), aids processibility thereby, but are only suitable for a certain class of information (StenningO 92)
? we can remain unspecific about details, errors are less likely to occur (Denis) ? spatial representations can be derived directly so a mapping to the real world is facilitated (Freksa 99)
Just landmarks on the way are described Provide context by depicting environment
? descriptions can be highly personalized and targeted to one specific task (Freska 99) ? time for a first orientation in the map is needed before the route to be followed is identified (Freska 99)
? as a side effect, distraction by unnecessary information is minimized (Freksa 99) ? in the case of getting lost, alternative routes can be found (Nagi 06)
? orientation and learning is facilitated (Nagi 06, Freksa 99)