Urban Boundaries

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Its All About Geography or
Lets talk about Urban Area Boundaries
Ed J. Christopher Midwestern Resource
Center Federal Highway Administration 19900
Governors Drive Olympia Fields, IL
60461 708-283-3534 edc_at_edthefed.com ed.christoph
er_at_fhwa.dot.gov September 7, 2005
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Today
Go Over Some Basics Identify Any Issues Try
to Answer Your Questions
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Handout
Frequently Asked Questions (March 31, 2003
version)
o Definitions o Mapping UZA and MPA
Boundaries o MPO Designations for New
Urbanized Areas o Adjustments to Existing MPA
Boundaries o Designation of New TMAs o
Impacts on Plan and TIP o Air Quality
Non-Attainment and Conformity o Impact on
funding o Adjustments to Urbanized Area
Boundary
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Corporate Limits
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1990 Urbanized Area
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1990 Adjusted Urban
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MPO Planning Area
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2000 Urbanized Based on the preliminary criteria
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Urbanized Area
Why is this Important?
Sets Population Count for Money to
Identify MPOs / TMAs What's in What's Not,
but Could be
x


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Adjusted Urban
Why is this Important?
FEDERALY-Its Not -But it was Speed
Limits Road Funding Data Reporting Functi
onal Classifications Billboard Control ???
For States and MPOs its a Whole Different Story


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MPO Planning Area
Why is this Important?
Sets MPO Area of Responsibility For
Planning For Programming Overall Governance












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Adjusted UZA vs.. Census UZA
Lets Look at This
FEDERALY-Its Not -But is it? Data
Reporting Functional Classifications
Crash Statistics---Mobility Study---FMSCA/NHTSA
Issue for Data Reporting Everyone does it
different


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Adjusted UZA vs. Census UZA
Question Facing ALL of Us
Do we really need to have an Adjusted
Boundary at all? SAFETEALU appears to be quiet
on this issue from what I can find so far


Issue for Data Reporting Everyone does it
different
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Urbanized Area
How was the Urbanized Area Developed, by Who
and Why?
The Census Bureau Did It!!! With a new
Automated, Objective, Deterministic GIS based
Process












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Definition of Urban and Rural

• Since 1950, Criteria reviewed before each
  decennial census
• Revisions reflect desire to improve urban/rural
  classification
• Census Bureau identifies and tabulates data for
  the urban and rural population and territory
  solely for statistical presentation and
  comparison

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Historic Development Urban/Rural

• New Criteria for Census 2000
• March 28, 2001 Federal Register Notice
• Draft Criteria
• Substantial Number of Comments
• July 27, 2001 Federal Register Notice
• Extended the Comment Period
• March 15, 2002 Federal Register Notice
• Final Criteria
• Federal Register Notices can be obtained
  atwww.census.gov/geo/www/ua/ua_2k.html

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Census 2000 Urban/Rural Delineation Process

• Designed to permit use of GIS software to
  determine the urban blocks
• Multi-step Process
• Eliminates subjectivity
• Requires uniform information nationwide

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1990 Urban/Rural Criteria

• Urbanized Areas
• Place or places and adjacent densely settled
  surrounding territory
• Urban Places
• Incorporated or Census Designated Places outside
  an urbanized area with a population greater than
  2,500 people
• Rural
• Everything else

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Census 2000 Urban and Rural

• Urbanized Areas (UA)
• Densely settled core created from block groups or
  census blocks, and the adjacent densely settled
  surrounding territory up to 5 miles from the
  continuously developed core (with a density of
  500 people per square mile) that together have a
  minimum population of 50,000 people.

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Census 2000 Urban and Rural
-----------

• Urban Clusters (UC) -- Urban Place
• Densely settled core created from block groups or
  census blocks, and the adjacent densely settled
  surrounding territory (with a density of 500
  people per square mile) that together have a
  minimum of 2,500 people but fewer than 50,000
  people.

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Major Changes to Urban/Rural Criteria

• No Grandfathering
• 2000 UA/UCs delineated from scratch and do not
  automatically recognized previously existing
  (1990) urban territory
• Why?
• A consistent set of areas
• Eliminate misinterpretations and errors from
  previous delineations done clerically that used
  complex and fairly subjective criteria
• GIS technology now allows automated delineation

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Major Changes to Urban/Rural Criteria

• Reduced Population Density Requirement in
  Adjoining Territory
• 500 people per square mile rather than previous
  1,000 people per square mile
• Why
• Account for common use of green space
• Lessen impact of large census block groups/blocks
  with an undeveloped portion
• Qualify areas with mixed land use in the same
  block

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Major Changes to Urban/Rural Criteria

• Jump Distance Increase/Added Hop Concept
• Jump distance increased from 1.5 to 2.5 miles and
  added the concept of an unmeasured break called a
  hop
• Why
• Increased jump distance takes into account
  improved transportation networks and more
  prevalent use of green space
• Hops connect discontiguous qualifying areas where
  only a short distance (up to ½ mile) separates
  them because of parks, schools, and other
  non-residential land use. (Formalizes past
  practice)

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Major Changes to Urban/Rural Criteria

• Replaced Urban Places with Urban Clusters (UCs)
• UCs are lesser populated versions of UAs and are
  delineated using the same criteria in an
  automated environment
• Why
• Use of places introduced bias depending on a
  states annexation and incorporation laws
• Urban areas are now built from geographic
  entities objectively and equitably
• Depict settlement patters in and around areas
  with a population of 2,500 or more

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Implications for Transportation
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New MPOs (UZA) Census UZA Published (May 1,
2002) 12 Month Gestation Period Governance--
Bylaws, Membership, Planning Area
Developing Work Plan Work with State on
TIP Three-years out (Oct. 2005) Meet All
Planning Requirements (23 CFR 450)
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New TMAs (UZA) July 8th (2002) Secretary
Designated in Federal Register TMA Funds Flow
Regardless of Designation CMS Required within
12 Months (July 2003) Three years out--Federal
Certification
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Expanded MPOs TMAs Most Issues are Case by
Case Could Change Boards Revisit Your
Bylaws MPO Planning Area Adjustments Formal
Re-designation ???
Contact John Humeston 404-562-3667
All MPA Boundaries should be done by now
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Adjusted UZA Functional Classification Handle
d by States and Responsible Locals Agree to
Urban Area Boundary Update Functional
Classifications Submit through FHWA
Divisions Major Principal Arterial Changes
Approved by FHWA HQ No Statutory Timeline or
Deadlines BUT Contact Bob Gorman 202-366-5001
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Adjusted UZA vs. Census UZA
Functional Classification Adjusted UZA
Think about what is going on with all
the data that we all want and the analysis we
want to do!
1990 UZA 1990 Adjusted UZA 2000 UZA 2000
Adjusted UZA Some Flip Flop
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HPMS Data Reporting At least Update to 2000
Urbanized Area (UZA) or Adjusted UZA and
let your FHWA Division know ASAP Contact
Paul Svercl 202-366-5036
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Funding and Financial Issues New Pop Numbers
Used CMAQ (PL) STP Attributable FTA53xx
Could be changing due to SAFETEALU
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CMAQ Funding Based on county population in
non- attainment and maintenance
areas Adjusted for severity
Could be changing due to SAFETEALU
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• PL Funding Distribution
• To States
• Based on of Urbanized Population of
  nation
• To MPOs
• Based on State formula
• State Formulas Due Oct 1

Could be changing due to SAFETEALU
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STP Attributable Funding 50 of STP funds to
areas based on share of population To TMAs
based on the percentage of states
population Further sub allocated based on
percentage of each TMA
Could be changing due to SAFETEALU
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FTA Issues Continued 5307 (New TMAs) Funds
go Directly to Area Operating Not Eligible
(Note) One-percent Must be Enhancements 5307
(New Under 200K Areas) 5307 Used Instead of
5311 and Commingled based on trip
O/D Contact Mary Martha Churchman 202-366-2053
Could be changing due to SAFETEALU
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Outdoor Advertising Requirements Federal-Aid
Highway Act of 1958 Control of Outdoor
Advertising began In 1975 Control tied to
UZA Coordinated with the States
(State/Federal agreements) Federal
Contact Brian ONeill 202-366-9881
Could be changing due to SAFETEALU
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Where Can I See My Boundaries?
http//www.gis.fhwa.dot.gov/
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Where Can I Learn More?
http//www.edthefed.com/uza.html