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CHEMISTRY OF LIFE

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Nucleic Acids. List examples (fill in from next s) CHON. Proteins. List examples ... acids. 20 different amino acids are found in living things. Nucleic ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: CHEMISTRY OF LIFE


1
CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
2
BIOLOGY-THE STUDY OF LIFE
3
The Chemistry of Life
  • I. Organization of Atoms
  • Bonds
  • Water Molecules
  • Classification of Compounds
  • V. Compounds found in living things.

4
I. Organization of Atoms
  • Atom- the smallest unit of matter that cannot be
    broken down by chemical means.
  • Protons- positive charge, located in the nucleus.
  • Neutrons- no charge, located in the nucleus.
  • Electrons- negative charge surrounding the
    nucleus in a cloud.

5
I. Organization of Atoms
  • Element- a pure substance made of only one kind
    of atom.
  • Compound- a substance made of the joined atoms of
    two or more different elements. Ex. NaCl (Sodium
    Chloride)
  • Molecule- a group of atoms held together by
    covalent bonds.

6
I. Organization of Atoms
  • Ion- an atom or molecule that has gained or lost
    one or more electron. Ions have an electric
    charge because they contain an unequal number of
    electrons and protons.
  • Positive charge- atom that has lost an electron.
  • Negative charge- atom that has gained electrons.

7
II. Bonds
  • Ionic Bonds- when ions of opposite charges
    interact. Ex. Sodium chloridean atom of sodium
    is unstableonly 1 electron in the outer shell
    (valence electron). An atom of chlorine is
    unstable because it has 7 valence electrons. The
    atoms are readily attracted to each other.

8
II. Bonds
  • Covalent bonds form when two or more atoms
    share electrons. (very strong bonds --super
    glue)
  • Hydrogen bonds a weak chemical attraction
    between polar molecules. Ex. A water
    moleculeH2O.

9
III. Water Molecules
  • The electrons in a water molecule are shared by
    oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
  • B. A water molecule has positive and negative
    ends, thus polar.

10
III. Water Molecules
  • C. Particles are able to dissolve readily in
    water due to its polarity. Thus, the universal
    solvent.

11
III. Water Molecules
  • D. Cohesion an attraction between substances of
    the same kind. The hydrogen bonds between water
    molecules cause the cohesion of liquid water
    molecules at the surface of water (like holding
    hands).this attractions is surface tension

12
III. Water Molecules
  • E. Adhesion attraction between different
    substances. Ex. Water molecules moving upward
    through the stem of a plant.

13
III. Water Molecules
  • F. Evaporative cooling Water heats more slowly
    and retains heat longer. Organisms release heat
    through water evaporative cooling (sweat).

14
IV. Classification of Compounds
  • Organic- compounds containing carbon (with
    hydrogen). Ex. Plants, animals
  • Inorganic- compounds that do not contain carbon.
    Ex. Air, water, minerals

15
V. Compounds Found in Living Things
16
CHO CHO CHON CHONP
CHO CHO CHON CHONP
CHO CHO CHON CHONP
CHO CHO CHON CHONP
CHO CHO CHON CHONP
17
Carbohydrates
  • A key source of energy
  • Building blocks are simple sugars-
    monosaccharides (glucose fructose)
  • Disaccharides
  • Polysaccharides

18
Lipids
  • Stored energy (mostly in animal-some plant seeds)
  • Nonpolar molecules
  • Fats, oils, steroids, and waxes
  • Phospholipidsmake up the lipid bilayer of cell
    membranes

19
Proteins
  • Important for structural functions
  • Skin, ligaments, tendons, muscles, hair
  • Anitibodies, hemoglobin, hormones, enzymes
  • Building blocks are amino acids
  • 20 different amino acids are found in living
    things

20
Nucleic Acids
  • Contain all genetic, hereditary information
  • DNA, RNA
  • Building blocks are nucleotides
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