Ingen bildrubrik

1
Manure handling
Göran
Carlson
JTI - Swedish Institute of Agricultural and
Environmental Engineering
Gå
till
första sidan
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Nutrient flows from agriculture
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Components in manure
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Water

• Spilt water
• Dishwater
• Cleaning water
• Precipitation - evaporation
• Litter
• Bedding material
• Feed residuals

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Factors influencing the distribution of
components in manure
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Chemical composition of Solid and Semi-solid
manure
Kg/tonnes
Bild diagram flyt- resp fastgödsel
Total N
Ammonia N
Phosphorus
Potassium
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Chemical composition of slurry
Kg/tonnes
Phosphorus
Ammonia N
Potassium
Total N
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Availability and loss of N for manure from
milking cows
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Aspects on manure handling systems
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Basic rules for planning manure handling systems

• Analyse and discuss the situation on each farm in
  order to select a suitable manure handling system
  which
• Optimises utilisation of nutrients
• Supports good animal welfare to achieve high
• production
• Create good and safe working conditions

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Basic rules for planning manure handling systems,
cont.

• The most suitable manure handling system for an
  individual farm could not be selected without
  taking into account
• All other handling chains on the farm
• The farmers knowledge and future plans
• The farmers economic situation

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Important parameters for planning of manure
handling systemsSelection of handling system
depends on the farmers knowledge, interests and
planning horizon
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Types of manure in SwedenAccording to Satistics
Sweden





1
0
0
Solid manure
8
0
Urine
6
0
Semi-solid manure
4
0
Slurry
2
0
0
1
9
8
7
/
8
8
1
9
9
2
/
9
3
1
9
9
8
/
9
9
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Mucking out
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Why should I work for a well functioning manure
handling system in my barn?

• Higher production
• Cleaner animals
• Better animal health
• Better hygienic status
• Better working conditions

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Manure Spreading
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Spreading precision, application rate,
longitudinal and transversal
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Factors causing ammonia emissions
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Rear discharge, one-step spreader, vertical
beaters
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Rear discharge, one-step spreader, horizontal
beaters
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Rear discharge, one-step spreader, horizontal
beaters
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Rear discharge, two-step spreader, horizontal
beaters spreading discs
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Rear discharge, two-step spreader,longitudinal
augers spreading discs, especially for
semi-solid manure
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Slurry spreader with splash plate
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Slurry spreader with trailing hoses
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Spreading technique for slurryin Sweden
1998/99According to Statistics Sweden

• Entire country
• 66 splash plate
• 26 trailing hoses
• 8 technique unknown

• Southern Sweden
• 43 splash plate
• 56 trailing hoses
• 1 technique unknown

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Advantages and disadvantages, shallow injection
versus traditional technique

• Advantages
• Low ammonia losses
• Improved feed quality
• Higher N-utilisation
• Low odour emissions

• Disadvantages
• Increased power requirement
• Increased spreading costs
• Risk for damage in ley

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Harvested winter wheat after broadcast and band
spreading of slurryat different occasions
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Hygienic risks in grassland cropping