VISCOSITY AND VOLCANO TYPES

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LESSON 20

• VISCOSITY AND VOLCANO TYPES

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OBJECTIVES

• CLASSIFY IMAGES OF VOLCANOES ON THE BASIS OF
  OBSERVABLE PROPERTIES, INCLUDING SHAPE AND SIZE
• IDENTIFY AND COMPARE THE VISCOSITY OF THREE
  LIQUIDS
• OBSERVE CHANGES IN VISCOSITY OF TWO LIQUIDS WHEN
  THEY ARE MIXED WITH A SOLID
• OBSERVE CHANGES IN VISCOSITY OF TWO LIQUIDS WHEN
  THEY ARE HEATED
• DEVELOP A WORKING DEFINITION OF VISCOSITY
• RELATE THE VISCOSITY OF LAVA TO THE TYPE OF
  VOLCANO FORMED, AND MODEL THE FORMATION OF EACH
  TYPE

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GETTING STARTED

• USING THE SET OF VOLCANO CARDS, CLASSIFY THE
  VOLCANOES ON THE BASIS OF OBSERVABLE PROPERTIES
  SUCH AS SHAPE AND SIZE.
• BE PREPARED TO SHARE WITH THE GROUP HOW AND WHY
  YOU CLASSIFIED THE VOLCANOES AS YOU DID.

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HYPOTHESIZE

• I THINK THAT VOLCANOES HAVE DIFFERENT SHAPES AND
  SIZES BECAUSE ________.

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INQUIRY 20.1

• INVESTIGATING VISCOSITY AND VOLCANO TYPES

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MAKE OBSERVATIONS

• USING DARK CORN SYRUP, SHAMPOO, AND WATER...
• A. HOW DO YO U THINK EACH LIQUID WILL FLOW AT
  ROOM TEMPERATURE?
• B. HOW DO YOU THINK THE ROOM-TEMPERATURE LIQUIDS
  WOULD FLOW IF YOU ADDED SAND TO THEM?
• C. HOW DO YOU THINK THE LIQUIDS WOULD FLOW IF
  THEY WERE HEATED?

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DESIGN A TEST..FILL OUT STUDENT SHEET 20.1A AS
WE DISCUSS THIS...

• A. THE PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT IS TO COMPARE
  HOW FAST OR SLOW EACH OF THREE LIQUIDS FLOWS.
  GIVEN THESE MATERIALS, HOW WOULD YOU SET UP A
  INVESTIGATION TO TEST THIS QUESTION HOW DOES
  TEMPERATURE AFFECT THE VISCOSITY OF A LIQUID?
• DROP RACES ON SLOPING WAXED PAPER
• MEASURE DISTANCE FLOW IN A GIVEN TIME PERIOD
• SEE FIGURE 20.1

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• B. WHAT THINGS WOULD YOU NEED TO KEEP THE SAME
  IN EACH SETUP?
• AMOUNT OF LIQUID DROPPED (5 mL)
• HEIGHT FROM WHICH THE LIQUID IS DROPPED
• TIME OR DISTANCE THAT THE LIQUID FLOWS DURING
  EACH TRIAL (FOR EXAMPLE 5 SEC.)
• HEIGHT OF THE INCLINE

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• C. EACH GROUP WILLL CONDUCT A DIFFERENT PART OF
  THE INVESTIGATION, AND THEN THE DATA WILL BE
  COMBINED. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR ALL GROUPS TO
  AGREE TO USE THE SAME SETUP AND PROCEDURES?
• SO THAT THEY CAN CONTROL VARIABLES AND COMPARE
  DATA.

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• D. HOW COULD YOU DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF HEAT
  ON THE FLOW OF A LIQUID?
• COMPARE THE FLOW OF A LIQUID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
  WITH THE FLOW OF THAT SAME LIQUID WHEN HEATED.
• E. HOW COULD YOU DETERMINE WHETHER ADDING A
  SOLID TO THE LIQUID AFFECTS THE RATE AT WHICH IT
  FLOWS?
• COMPARE THE RATES OF FLOW OF A ROOM-TEMPERATURE
  LIQUID WITH AND WITHOUT THE SOLID.

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HERE ARE THE DIFFERENT TESTS...

• A. ROOM-TEMP. CORN SYRUP VERSUS ROOM-TEMP.
  SHAMPOO
• B. ROOM-TEMP. WATER VERSUS ROOM-TEMP. CORN SYRUP
  VERSUS ROOM-TEMP. SHAMPOO
• C. ROOM-TEMP. CORN SYRUP VERSUS HEATED CORN
  SYRUP
• D. ROOM-TEMP. SHAMPOO VERSUS HEATED SHAMPOO
• E. ROOM-TEMP. SHAMPOO VERSUS ROOM-TEMP. SHAMPOO
  MIXED WITH SAND
• F. ROOM-TEMP. CORN SYRUP VERSUS ROOM-TEMP. CORN
  SYRUP MIXED WITH SAND

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• YOU WILL RECEIVE STUDENT SHEET 20.1B
• BE SURE TO KEEP THE VARIABLES CONSTANT
• COMPLETE 3 TRIALS PER TEST AND CALCULATE AN
  AVERAGE

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REFLECTIONS 20.1

• A. WHICH ROOM-TEMPERATURE LIQUID FLOWED THE
  FASTEST? WHICH FLOWED THE SLOWEST? WHAT
  EVIDENCE DO YOU HAVE TO SUPPORT YOUR ANSWER?

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• B. HOW DID ADDING SAND TO EACH LIQUID CHANGE HOW
  IT FLOWED?
• THE SAND MADE THE SHAMPOO AND CORN SYRUP FLOW
  MORE SLOWLY.
• C. HOW DID HEATING EACH LIQUID CHANGE HOW IT
  FLOWED?
• HEATING THE LIQUIDS, PARTICULARLY THE CORN SYRUP,
  CAUSED THEM TO FLOW FASTER.

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HOW DOES THE VISCOSITY OF LAVA AFFECT THE SHAPE
OF A VOLCANO?

• LOOK AT THE VOLCANO CARDS AGAIN.
• A. WHAT IS THE SHAPE OF A VOLCANO THAT FORMS
  FROM FAST-FLOWING LAVA? WHICH CARDS SHOW THIS
  TYPE OF VOLCANO?
• FAST-FLOWING LAVA USUALLY FORMS VOLCANAOES THAT
  ARE WIDE AND FLAT, BECAUSE THIS TYPE OF LAVA
  CANNOT HOLD ITS SHAPE WELL AND CAN TRAVEL LONG
  DISTANCES.

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• B. WHAT IS THE SHAPE OF A VOLCANO THAT FORMS
  FROM VISCOUS, SLOW-MOVING LAVA? WHICH CARDS SHOW
  THIS TYPE OF VOLCANO?
• VISCOUS, SLOW-MOVING LAVA USUALLY FORMS VOLCANOES
  THAT ARE TALL AND MORE STEEPLLY SLOPED, BECAUSE
  IT CAN HOLD ITS SHAPE AND DOES NOT FLOW AS FAST
  OR AS FAR AS LESS-VISCOUS LAVA.

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VISCOSITY OF LAVA IS ONE FACTOR THAT AFfFECTS THE
SHAPE AND SIZE OF A VOLCANO.

• READ VOLCANO TYPES PG. 229-231. TAKE NOTES
  WHILE YOU READ ABOUT EACH TYPE OF VOLCANO USING
  THE NOTES SHEET PROVIDED.

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• USING THE INFORMATION GAINED FROM THE READING
  SELECTION, CATEGORIZE EACH VOLCANO CARD AS SHIELD
  VOLCANO, COMPOSITE VOLCANO, OR CINDER CONE.
  RECORD THIS ON YOUR NOTES SHEET.
• SHIELD VOLCANO CARD 1 CARD 4, CARD 6
• COMPOSITE VOLCANO CARD 2, CARD 5, CARD 9
• CINDER CONE CARD 3, CARD 7, CARD 8