Orden De Operaciones

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COIN Integration
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TRADOC Tasking
Mission CAC will inform TRADOC leadership of
initiatives and processes in place to ensure COIN
doctrine and training/education is nested,
sequential and progressive between BCTP, CTC LTP,
CTC MRXs, PME and the COIN Academies. Concept
The TRADOC CG expressed a desire to ensure that
TRADOC and pre-deployment training enables
Soldiers to deploy at higher level of knowledge
and thus allowing the COIN Academy to focus at
graduate level. Task Determine initiatives
and processes in place or what is ongoing to
ensure COIN doctrine and training/education is
nested, sequential and progressive between BCTP,
CTC LTP, CTC MRXs, PME and COIN Academies.
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Nature of COIN Education
Regular assessments and improvements are
inherently necessary and natural for an ever
evolving military to improve and ensure COIN
education in nested, sequential, and progressive.
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How do we bridge the gap from DOCTRINE to
APPLICATION? IOW How do we educate and develops
Soldiers and Officers to apply critical thinking
in a counterinsurgency environment?
Versus
Know It
Know It
Get It
Size and Experience of the Force
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Mindset / Perspective
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Concept
Issue Three basic steps to institutionalize
conventional forces to successfully conduct
unconventional type operations against an
irregular enemy in cooperation with a HN
government and population. 1) Doctrine,
theories, principles, terms, etc 2)
Indoctrination of the counterinsurgency mindset
3) Implementing tools that bridge the gap
between doctrine (step 1) to application in the
context of (step 2).
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Step 1
Doctrine, principles, theories FM 3-24, Joint
COIN Manual USA/USMC COIN Small Unit Leaders
Handbook Professional reading lists MIL Review
and other professional military journals Open
exchange of ideas with allies Interoperability
with government agencies, academia, press,
etc Provides doctrinal education to CGSC, PCC,
SAMs (way ahead) Integrating CAC departments
into COIN Seminars and workshops. Example
Using BCKS and CALL in PEs during the COIN Master
course and BCTP COIN Seminar.
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Step 2
Indoctrination of the counterinsurgency
mindset Approach to irregular warfare by
gaining additional perspectives and applying them
as part of our warfighting philosophy.
Inculcating the mindset uses a holistic though
orchestrated methodology by repeatedly
reintroducing the themes from a full range of
perspectives and topics. Mindset made up of Key
Themes or maxims and deliberately woven into
any medium of training and education. There
exists both basic and advanced mindset as well as
a macro and micro approach within PME.
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Key Themes

• Everything by, with, and through the HN
• Dismount, dismount, dismount!
• In COIN civilians are not Obstacles but Key
  Terrain
• "Mission first Men always." In COIN that
  translates to "Protecting Civilians first Force
  Protection always." Safeguarding the people is
  always an essential task in counterinsurgency.
• If the local population perceives the coalition
  is there to protect them, they will provide
  intelligence and deny insurgents active/passive
  support.
• Cultural awareness Situational awareness
  Force Protection and Mission accomplishment
  Depends on level of interoperability and
  interaction with civilians/HN counterparts
• Countering insurgents (e.g. counter IED) is
  counterguerrilla warfare and only one aspect of
  COIN. Counterinsurgency is eliminating the root
  causes of the insurgency and therefore denying
  the enemy the passive/active support (to emplace
  IEDs).

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Key Themes

• The three Root Causes are the same for all
  insurgencies 1. Vulnerable Population 2. No
  Leadership for Direction 3. Lack of Government
  Control. The specifics of each makes each
  insurgency unique. To conduct COIN the HN is the
  best source to identify these specifics.
• Insurgents use strategies and apply sources of
  power differently than counterinsurgents.
  Learning insurgent strategies and perspective as
  key to entering their decision cycle.
• Understanding insurgents operational goals
  leads to assessment. Enemy TTPs should be used
  to confirm assessments not used to build them
• No operation without I/O.
• Enemy I/O is intelligence.
• The 3-Root Causes of insurgency appear before
  the armed conflict. Applying COIN doctrine once
  we see the root causes can prevent the growth or
  migration of an armed insurgency
• COIN experts can only master doctrine,
  historical lessons, tools, and mindset. Every
  situation has specifics that are unique that
  requires us to become students again.

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Key Themes

• Use lines of operation as a metric to balance
  and prioritize efforts/resources our initiatives
  should be based on eliminating the root causes
  and forecasted enemy initiatives by understanding
  nature of the people and strategy of the enemy.
• Clear, Hold, Build is the most successful method
  of eliminating the root causes of an insurgency
• Full-spectrum COIN fundamentals must be done
  simultaneously for the short, medium, and
  long-term
• Enable and train the HN to take the lead
• FID is the exit strategy and adds a great deal
  to combat power
• Refine staff procedures for FID/COIN
• Combat Advisors are among your main efforts.
  Man, equip, and support them with your best. (If
  it doesnt hurt you didnt give them the right
  people and assets).
• Combat Advisors are not LNOs partnering units
  must train, plan, fight, and socialize together.

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Key Themes

• Half of your unit are experts in language,
  culture, religion, history, I/O, HUMINT, and the
  people. They know the Operational Environment and
  Effects. They are your soldiers take care of
  them (ref HN partner unit).
• Ask yourself each day how am I and those I
  command, working ourselves out of a job. FID
  will eventually lessen the need for a large
  coalition presence.
• US Forces are masters at evaluating Performance
  HN are masters at evaluating Effects
• Push assets down to the lowest level. COIN is a
  decentralized and success flows from initiatives
  at the lowest possible level determined by the
  capability of soldiers and leaders.
• Convention war intelligence top down in the
  irregular warfare it is bottom up
• Your interpreter/cultural advisor is a weapon
  system and an extension of you. Involve him in
  everything you do to learn. (eat, sleep,
  socialize, rehearsals, meetings, etc).
  Miscommunication is common between different
  languages/cultures and the cause of many
  conflicts (large and small).

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Key Themes

• Make the HN your brother-in-arms in everyway.
  When he calls you his brother and means it then
  training, retention, morale, and performance all
  improve while infiltration and OPSEC leaks are
  minimized
• Hearts and Minds does not mean being liked,
  but instead it is when the people are buying into
  their new system of government, legitimacy of HN
  security forces and authorities, embracing
  economic reform, rule of law, etc. Mind is the
  short term Heart is the long term.
• Conventional wisdom seldom works in an
  unconventional environment. Counterinsurgency
  operations can be paradoxical. Confirm with HN,
  interpreters, doctrine and doctrinal tools.
• Successful unity of effort means approaching all
  non US military as foreign (HN security forces,
  local leaders, State Dept, Coalition, etc). To
  understand them use rapport building and
  cross-cultural communication skills. e.g. Learn
  to speak State Department.
• Scholarship, professional development, and
  experience is a necessary step in developing COIN
  warriors

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Key Themes

• While building HN leaders Officers/NCO Corps
• 1)Train NCOs to be capable leaders and take
  charge.
• 2) Convince unit leaders to insist junior
  officers give NCOs responsibility without
  repercussions (no zero defect).
• CMO, I/O, HUMINT, PRTs, Combat Advisors, etc are
  all weapon systems. Weapon systems only work
  if they are incorporated and integrated into the
  entire system. Integrate all efforts to maximize
  economy of force and unity of action.
• Without the COIN mindset we debate the answer
  with the proper mindset we ask a different
  question (or different ways to approach the
  problems).
• Approaching the problem or utilizing critical
  thinking in a way that provides the clearest
  insight across the entire spectrum is to take the
  perspective of the nature of the people and
  nature of the insurgency. These natures are
  similar or the same and provide the tools to
  focus and integrate efforts.
• Keep an open mind

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Step 3
Implementation of tools that bridge doctrine
(step 1) to application in the context of step 2.
They provide methodology, direction, and
structure to apply doctrine. Tools are built
into education programs, doctrinal models,
scenarios/role playing PEs, Classes, COIN Small
Unit Leaders Guide, published papers, COIN
Master and Leadership Workshops, etc.
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Step 3
These include - Operational Environment (Tool
- Tactical Area Study, ASCOPEs worksheet and
overlays) - Battlefield Effects (Tool - Root
Causes of the insurgency Assessment) - Threat
Analysis (Tool - Insurgent Dynamics/Strategy
Analysis) - Determine Threat COA (Tool -
Insurgency COA Analysis (AKA COIN Center of
Gravity Analysis) - Clear, Hold, Build Planning
and Assessment tool - Negotiations Worksheet -
I/O Worksheet - Combined (US/HN) MDMP Guide -
Combat Advisor Roles and Responsibilities - Site
Exploitation and Tactical Questioning Guide -
COIN Fundamentals Metrics - Formatted Target
Package
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Concept
1) Standardize Mindset (macro Program
immaterial) - Integration of mindset and full
spectrum counterinsurgency in the existing
structure of each program. 2) Standardize tools
for implementation of mindset and critical
thinking (micro Program Dependant) - Use of
systems, case studies, and classes as vehicles to
develop and validate mindset. 3) Resources,
references, and guides to reinforce mindset -
Common visual aids (posters, GTA Cards,
Worksheets, COIN Handbook)
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Standardize Mindset
Implementation of mindset and critical thinking
- Macro Program immaterial - Integration
of mindset and full spectrum counterinsurgency in
the existing structure of each program.
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Themes Integration Matrix
Themes
Classes
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Themes Integration Matrix
Theme / Class
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Elements to Integrate/Standardize
Integrating the COIN mindset with existing
topics - Counter-IED - Counter Sniper/ambush -
Culture - Case Studies - Information Operations -
Site Exploitation - IPB - HUMINT - CMO - MDMP -
Combat Advisor - Insurgency/Counterinsurgency
Fundamentals
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Resources
Implementation of mindset and critical thinking
- Macro/Micro Program Dependant -
Resourses, references, and guides to reinforce
mindset - Common visual aids (posters, GTA
Cards, Worksheets, COIN Handbook)
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Resources
CAC COIN Center - COIN Handbook - COIN
Website - COIN Master Program (2 x Weeks) -
Workshop and Conference Nov 07 - Monthly COIN
VTC coordination meetings - COIN Center visits
and workshops
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Questions?
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Political Science
What Every Soldier Needs to Know