Title: Professional Education and Capacity Building on Breast and Cervical Cancers Prevention and Screening
1Professional Education and Capacity Building on
Breast and Cervical Cancers Prevention and
Screening Issues
Baskent University
- Özgür Özyilkan MD
- Baskent University Faculty of Medicine
- Division of Medical Oncology
- Turkey
2J.B. Richmond M. Kotelchuck. Three-Factor
Approach to Health Policy
3Objectives
- To define prevention and highlight in oncology
and its importance in global health. - 2. To distribute the Screening Issues to 1
million faculty, students and professionals all
over the world
4Definition of Prevention
- Actions aimed at eradicating, eliminating, or
minimizing the impact of disease and disability.
The concept of prevention is best defined in the
context of levels, traditionally called primary,
secondary, and tertiary prevention - A Dictionary of Epidemiology, Fourth Edition
- Edited by John M. Last
5Screening on Cancer
- Primary Aim
- Decreasing morbidity and mortality
-
- There are more than 100 subtype of cancer
- Cancer screening is recommended only in 5 of
them.
6- Breast cancer
- Carcinoma of cervix
- Colorectal cancer
- Prostate cancer (controversial)
- Dermatologic cancers (controversial)
7- Screening tests
- Applied to asymptomatic individiuals
- Cheaper costs
- Diagnostic tests
- Applied to symptomatic individiuals
- Expensive costs
-
8Ideally Screening Tests
- Decrease disease related mortality
- Have fever economic costs
- Performed easily
- Should have high sensitivity and spesifity
9Screening recommendations for breast cancer
- Numerous clinical trials have evaluated the
benefits of the three most commonly recommended
screening tests - Mammography
- Breast self-examination
- Clinical breast examination.
Medical Organization -American Academy of
Family Physician, American College of Obstretrics
and Gynecologists, American College of Surgery,
American Medical Association, Canadian Task Force
on Preventive Health Care, National Institutes of
Health, US Preventive Services Task Force
10Screening recommendations for cervical cancer
- It is recommend that every woman who has ever
been (or might have been) sexually active undergo
Pap testing for cervical cancer.
Medical Organization -American Academy of
Family Physician, American College of Obstretrics
and Gynecologists, American College of Surgery,
American Medical Association, Canadian Task Force
on Preventive Health Care, National Institutes of
Health, US Preventive Services Task Force
11 Mortality and incidence rates in breast and
cervical cancer have declined sharply over the
past several decades!
Think pink, fight cancer
12- Cancer is the second most common cause of death
in the European Union. - One in three Europeans
is diagnosed with cancer and the disease kills 1
in 4 people.
- The number of Europeans with cancer will
increase dramatically by 2015 largely due to the
ageing population.
13- MEPs Against Cancer - Statement THE MAC STATEMENT
- Over sixty Members of the European Parliament
from all parties have joined forces to promote
action on cancer as a priority in the European
Union.
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15- MAC is a good example of the specific actions
you could expect from an increasing number of
MEPs committed to the fight against cancer.
16MAC Recommendations(I)
- They call upon Health Ministers to consider the
following - Urgently to develop and, where existing, improve
national plans, setting priorities and
effectively allocating resources for improving
cancer control and research across the European
Union. - Firmly to tackle the socio-economic and
geographic divide, which leads to inequalities in
cancer control. - To make high quality and up to date prevention,
treatment and care attainable for all cancer
patients in each European Member State. - Vigorously to promote cancer awareness in the
general public through the existing Europe
against Cancer Code, making a special effort in
new Member States.
17MAC Recommendations(II)
- To invest in cancer prevention in Member States
through implementing the Council Recommendation
on Cancer Screening of December 2003 and setting
up national high quality screening programmes - To oppose discrimination because of age, race,
gender and domicile in respect of the latest
cancer treatments. - To set up a Cancer Task Force at European level,
to exchange best practice and to highlight once
again that tackling cancer is a priority and
sending a strong political signal that immediate
and concerted action is needed now.
18Initiatives of the European institutions in the
fields of ?Public Health health strategy and
action program, recommendation on screening for
colon, cervical and breast cancer ?Research and
Development - framework program ? Sciences and
Technologies ?Enterprise and Industry
biotechnology and pharmacy industry.
190052/2007 Written declaration on the need for a
comprehensive strategy to control cancer.
- Calls on the Council and Commission to formulate
a comprehensive strategy addressing the four
basic cancer control factors - Prevention
- Early detection
- Diagnosis ,treatment and follow-up
- Palliative care
20- The European Parliament is one of the European
institutions. - Developing efforts to put cancer high on the
political agenda of the Council of the European
Union is another example of activities where
cancer patients organizations can play a role.
21Breast Cancer and Cervical Cancer in Arab
Countries
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24Education is very important in these countries
- Patients reported on their sociodemographic
characteristics, their attitudes and practices
regarding prevention, and their preferences for
physician gender. - Differences in beliefs of male and female
physicians and patient preference for a female
provider contribute independently to the higher
rate of breast and cervical cancer screening by
female physician
25The Continium of Medical Education
Graduate Med Ed
Medical Practice
Premed Ed
Medical School
Specialty Training
Private Practice
Clinical Sciences and Practice
Liberal Arts
Academics
Residencies
Basic Sciences Research Opportunities
MD-PhD
Fellowships
Other
Core Sciences
Research Fellowships
CME
26Education
- In our country, in Middle East and also in
Europe medical students take detailed lessons
about cancer screening during their educations
27- This education contains
- both preclinic and clinic sessions and
different medical disciplines - play major role in this educational
programme (such as department of internal
medicine, family physician, public health,
general surgery and obstretrics and gynecology)
28- At the end of their trainings students have
sufficient knowledge about aim of screening
tests, who should be screened and how should
these test used cost effectively
29- Also we have posteducational programmes for
general practioners and family physicians which
are organised by local Medical Colleges and
Ministry of Health
30- Oncologists have the potential to be a large and
important group of activists for cancer
prevention measures, and faced, as we are daily,
with the failure of cancer prevention we have
more incentives than many others to see them
implemented
David J Kerr ESMO President-Elect
31Conclusion
- Cancer is a growing burden of disease
- Medical societies are predicted cancer as a
leading cause of death after 2010 - Early detection and early medical therapies
(interventional,drug) are key factors in
reduction of cancer related morbidity and
mortality
32Breast and cervical cancer are more curable when
detected early!
- Cancer screening plays important role in
increased detection of early stage disease - Proper screening programs and professional
medical experts are needed
33Summary
- Physicians play an important role in the
information and promotion of preventive
strategies to their patients - Eligible medical training is a key factor
- Pre (Medical Faculties) and post (Conferences,
Workshops, Rounds, and Other Traditional
Continuing Education Activities Change Physician
Behavior or Health Care Outcomes) graduational
educational programs are essential for physicians
in this purpose
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36Baskent University Department of Medical Oncology
Dr.Özgür Ozyilkan (Head)) Dr. Hüseyin Abali Dr.
Umut Disel Dr. Hüseyin Mertsoylu Dr. Fatih
Köse Dr. Ahmet Sezer Dr. A.Taner Sümbül Dr.
Cemile Karadeniz
- Nur. Ceylan Kucur
- Nur. Songül Avci
- Skr. Bengü Demir
- Skr. Ayça Okyay
- Rukiye Kusan
- Serpil Karatas
- Selbinaz Yavuz
- Nilgün Marhan