Hazmat Route Generation and Evaluation

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Hazmat Route Generation and Evaluation

• 22 October 2008

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The Hazardous Materials Management Regulatory
FrameworkThe only practical way to implement the
new hazmat regulatory framework is through
computer modeling

• Consequences
• Economic
• Political/social
• Regulatory
• Single accident can kill many people and cost
  100s millions

• Targeted shipments represent a small fraction of
  rail traffic
• Chlorine Anhydrous Ammonia primary products
• Must be moved due to common carrier obligation
• Who should be liable shipper or carrier?

Computer tools are critical to the assessment of
specific shipment routings, the identification of
routing alternatives, and the management of the
shipment histories
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Agenda

• Overview of the new hazardous materials
  regulations
• MREE hazmat routing process
• MREE Hazmat process flow

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Key Elements of the New Federal requirementsThe
new regulations can generally be categorized as
either administrative or operational in nature.
Relevant Shipments (500 to 5,000 O-D pairs on
typical class I)

• Bulk shipments of Poisonous Inhalation Hazard
  (PIH) materials
• More than 5,000 pounds in a single carload of
  Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 explosive materials
• Certain high-level radioactive materials

Administrative requirements
Operational requirements

• Collect and retain data to support route analysis
• Analyze current and alternate hazmat paths while
  taking into account 27 designated attributes
• Enhance security plan requirements to address
  several issues including
• En route storage, delays in transit, delivery
  notification, additional inspections
• Designate rail security coordinators
• Primary contact for intelligence
• Report security concerns, threats and incidents
• Communicate hazmat shipping information within
  one hour of request by TSA to rail carriers

• Ensure that desired hazmat paths are followed
• Comply with short-term, government mandated
  routing restrictions
• Train speed restrictions
• 50 mph for trains transporting a PIH tank car
• 30 mph for PIH tank cars that do not meet
  puncture resistance standards (may not apply)
• Tank car requirements
• Increased puncture-resistance protection to
  prevent penetration at higher speeds
• Accelerated phase-out of older tank cars that do
  not meet certain minimum specifications

Regulations dictate what railroads must
accomplish, but not how to implement changes
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How Do Railroads Respond to the New Rules?Rail
carriers must adhere to expanded review
requirements, modified operating procedures and
increased reporting requirements.
Modified operating procedures
Expanded review requirements
Increased reporting requirements

• Routing of railcars must be responsive to 27
  different criteria, which may change dynamically
  in some cases
• Requires that railroads expand the use of
  positive custody of rail cars at interchange
  points
• Enhances inspection procedures of hazmat cars
  while in service
• Sets maximum speed for trains carrying PIH
  material
• Hazmat material handling may change how trains
  are constructed

• Broadens requirements for systematically
  reviewing alternatives
• Places the onus on the rail carriers to ensure
  that all appropriate stakeholders are considered
• Establishes guidelines for timing and scope of
  reviews

• Provide shippers with new ETAs whenever a
  shipment schedule changes
• Communicate current locations of all hazmat loads
  to DHS within one hour of a request
• Retain documentation regarding several key
  factors
• Actual movement of all hazmat shipments
• Data considered when analyzing primary and
  alternate routes
• Information used when selecting the primary
  routing

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Timing and Key MilestonesPartial implementation
begins June 1, 2008, with full implementation by
January 1, 2010 key constituents need to act
fast.
Jan 1, 2010
Sept 1, 2009
Jan 1, 2009
June 1, 2008

• Interim rule became effective
• Rail carriers must implement plans to enhance
  security during en route storage and delays in
  transit
• Rail carriers must implement enhanced hazmat car
  security

• Rail carriers must complete the safety security
  analyses of routes currently used
• Must complete the safety and security analyses
  for alternative routes
• Select the safest, most secure routes for
  transporting the specified materials

• Rail carriers must compile information on the
  shipments they transported and the routes they
  used for the 6-month period from July 1, 2008 to
  December 31, 2008
• Data collection must be completed by March 1, 2009

• Rail carriers must compile information on the
  commodities they transport and the routes used
  for the previous calendar year
• Complete route assessments and selections by the
  end of the calendar year

The focus of this presentation is on the
assessment of historic routes, generation of
alternative routes, forwarding of routing
instructions to operations, and general data
management
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Proposed Hazmat FunctionsData collection,
analysis, retention requirements involves four
primary functions

• Hazmat Routing Process

Hazmat Routing Analysis and Implementation
involves the following

• Collecting Hazmat Data
• Actual, historic routes for relevant traffic must
  be captured
• Hazmat related network attribute data provided by
  user

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Class I railroads typically handle 25,000 to
150,000 loaded and empty movements subject to
this regulation per year, representing 1,500 to
8,000 O-D pairs

• Generating Hazmat Routing Options
• History provides one source of routes
• Must be able to identify or generate the current
  routes
• Requires method to generate alternate routes

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• Evaluating Hazmat Routes
• Each route must be scored or evaluated, ranked,
  and a preferred route selected for each O-D pair
• Mandated attributes and user supplied evaluation
  criteria drive the analytic process

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• Implementing Hazmat Routing
• The preferred routes must be communicated to the
  real-time control systems, and compliance must be
  monitored

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The following slide demonstrates the
interrelationship of these four functions
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Hazmat Process Map for Carriers
Collecting Hazmat Shipment Attribute Data
Rules for using 27 attributes to make routing
decisions
Historic Route Evaluation
Network Attributes Traffic Routing Database
Data Depository(Holds basis for decisions and
alternatives that were evaluated)
Generating, Evaluating Selecting Hazmat
Routing Alternatives
Short Term DHS/Venue-Based Routing Rules
Real-Time Routing Rules
Functions associated with the MREE Hazmat
Analysis process
Real-Time Hazmat Routing Car Control
DHS One Hour Location Requests
Real-Time Location Tracking
Car Tracking Systems
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Oliver Wyman is Leveraging Existing Software to
Address Hazmat RequirementsMultiRail Enterprise
Edition and the Traffic Flow Analyzer are being
adapted to support comprehensive Hazmat data
management

• Record each historic shipment and its route at
  the station level
• Retain the current primary and alternate route
  for each shipment
• Retains the risk scoring for each current,
  alternate, and historical route involved in the
  planning process
• Retains the selected best hazmat routes
  identified during the analysis
• Identify where the best route is not the
  current route

Manage data

• Generates the current hazmat routings based on
  operating plan
• Generates alternative hazmat routings
• Alternatives will take the current operating plan
  into account to ensure operational feasibility of
  any solutions

Generate routes

• Will interact with the RCRMS risk model being
  developed by the industry to score each current,
  alternate, and historical hazmat route
• Each route will be scored based on RCRMS
  results based on the hazmat attribute weightings
  to be developed by each individual railway
• Support the selection of each best hazmat
  routing
• Automated selection where feasible remainder
  will be manual

Analyze routes

• To extent MultiRail contains current routing
  rules, will check compliance between current
  route and preferred or best route
• Can use MultiRail to adjust plan and forward to
  real-time systems

Provide real-time routing
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System Elements
Risk Model (RCRMS)
Initial Area of Focus
Real-Time
MultiRail
HistoricRoutes
MultiRail View
Hazmat Repository
RCRMS
Hazmat Mgmt Module
Primary Route Generation
HistoricRoutes
Alternate Route Generation
Historic shipments and routes can come from a
variety of sources including Traffic Flow
Analyzer data, or internal railroad systems
Hazmat Repository
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System Elements

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Traffic Flow Analyzer Extraction Screen
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Proposed Hazmat Planning ProcessGenerate
routings for the RCRMS risk model to evaluate
Extended MultiRail Enterprise

• Create alternative routes using modified shortest
  path algorithms
• Take blocking plans and train schedules into
  account
• Based in part on using a modified k shortest path
  algorithm
• Provide guidance to process through both required
  via points and route exclusions

• Generate block routing based on existing blocking
  rules for the targeted O-D pairs

Select routes to be sent to the RCRMS model for
scoring
Store hazmat routes that are evaluated
Create a file for RCRMS model
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Proposed Hazmat Planning ProcessReceive scored
routings from the RCRMS model
Route attributes/scores returned from the RCRMS
model
Extended MultiRail-Enterprise
Score each route based on RCRMS results
Rank each scored route
Compare top ranked route to current route
Clever data compression and automated route
selection becomes critical to make the manual
review processes manageable

• Select routes to be used for hazmat routing
• If top ranked route current route then done
• Else must decide if route should be changed to
  top ranked route adjust plan as necessary
• May elect to revise current route to be top
  ranked route

Send routes to the real-time systems
Record selected and alternate routes in data
depository
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Primary Hazmat Management Screen
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Example Hazmat Dialogue Management Window
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Key Technical Challenges

• Creating a viable alternate route generation
  process is expected to be a key challenge in this
  project
• The alternate route generation module
• Generates alternate hazmat routes for each hazmat
  O/D and class combination by
• Using modified shortest path algorithms to
  generate alternatives subject to using
• Via Points to ensure major variations in
  alternative routes
• Modified hazmat attribute structure to guide the
  shortest path algorithm
• Current hazmat blocks and train schedules
• Current non-hazmat blocks and train schedules
• Current plan is to restrict alternative routes to
  solutions that employ existing blocks and trains
• One challenge is to be able to automatically
  identify eligible blocks and trains for
  consideration in alternate routes
• Imperfections in this process are expected to
  result in a manual selection of the final
  alternate routes
• Will need to define limits on the
  number/characteristics of routes to be retained
• Other challenges of note include
• Developing a method for consistently ranking the
  routes based on the RCRMS results
• Automating the route review and selection process
  to minimize the manual review process
• Generation of the primary routes, and sourcing of
  the data needed to identify candidate blocks and
  trains for the alternate route process is largely
  already supported by MultiRail

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