Department of Drinking Water Supply

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SCHOOL SANITATION AND HYGIENE EDUCATION SCALING
UP WITH QUALITY AND CONVERGENCE
29th August, 2008, GANDHI SMRITI,DELHI
NATIONAL WORKSHOP ON SCHOOL SANITATION AND
HYGIENE EDUCATION
T M Vijay Bhaskar Joint Secretary

• Department of Drinking Water Supply
• Ministry of Rural Development
• Government of India

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SCHOOL SANITATION AND HYGIENE EDUCATION
SCALING UP WITH QUALITY AND CONVERGENCE
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POOR SANITATION- IMPACTS ON CHILDREN

• 5 of the 10 top killer diseases of children aged
  1 14 related to water and sanitation and poor
  personal hygiene.
• In India Diarrhoea kills about 1000 children
  daily.
• Poor sanitation leads to high IMR (74) and Child
  Mortality Rate NFHS 2005-2007
• Leads to low enrolment rate high drop rate in
  particular girls.
• With Just 61 of toilets in rural households and
  an estimated 66.94 of schools having common
  toilets, Open defecation was only option for
  children (Source ddws.nic.in -August 2008 DISE
  data 2006- 07)

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SSHE KEY TO IMPROVED HEALTH LEARNING OF
CHILDREN

• School, after family play vital role in
  cognitive, creative and social development of
  children.
• There are 7.6 lakh rural schools primary and
  upper primary with over 8 crore school going
  children.
• In many Schools water sanitation facilities
  nonexistent, inadequate, poorly maintained
• Insufficient Hygiene Education
• Provision of sanitation, safe drinking water
  Facilities personal health and hygiene
  Education Key to Improved health, learning
  ability, attendance rate and Low dropout rate of
  children.
• Study in Alwar, Rajasthan showed school toilets
  increased enrollment by 11
• SSHE promotes health and hygiene behaviour at an
  early stage of childhood and ensures generational
  change
• Schools influence parents through children

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SSHE KEY COMPONENTS

• Hardware Component (sanitary facilities- Toilet,
  Cum Urinal compost pit, soakage pit /channel and
  drinking water, handwashing )
• Software (health and hygiene education activities
  including deworming, Operation and Maintenance
  of facilities)
• 10 of TSC funds allocated to SSHE Cost sharing
  by Central and State Government in 7030, Centre
  share restricted to Rs. 14000 per toilet, urinal
  complex for average unit cost of Rs. 20,000
• Health and Hygiene Education Activities in all
  schools in coordination with SSA, NRHM,UNICEF,
  other agencies
• Formation of School Cabinet , Sanitation
  Hygiene Committees
• SSHE fund routing through School Management
  Committee /Village Education Committee under the
  supervision of Gram Panchayat
• Provision of Separate toilet Cum urinal units for
  boys and girls
• Nonnegotiable component of Nirmal Gram Puruskar

• Separate Toilet for girls boys with water
  facility

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SSHE KEY STRATEGIES
I always wash my hands with soap after defecation

• States prepare time bound District Gram
  Panchayat wise School Sanitation Action plans for
  centpercent coverage of both hardware and
  software components of SSHE.
• Capacity Building, intensive IEC, Range of
  School Toilet designs
• States develop monitoring and evaluation
  mechanisms for effective implementation of both
  hardware and software components of SSHE
• Intersectoral Coordination (State Water and
  Sanitation Mission (SWSM) and District Water and
  Sanitation Committees (DWSC)) DEEL- Village
  Education Committees, School Management
  Committees Health Family Welfare Village
  Water, Sanitation, Health Committees
• Technical and programmatic support provided by
  UNICEF

• Maintained school toilet with Hygiene
  messages on wall

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SSHE more than toilets

• Urinals in proportion to student strength
• Water
• Safe supply
• Handling habits (Buckets, soap, ladles)
• Disposal / Reuse
• Harvesting
• Garbage
• Segregation Disposal
• Cleanliness
• Personal
• Campus
• Teacher Training
• Maintenance
• Quality standards
• Documentation

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SCHOOL TOILETS Cum Urinals Technology

• Use of child and gender friendly toilet Cum
  Urinal designs
• Design, step height, door knob, and height of
  hand washing facility.
• Addition of hand washing facility during Mid Day
  Meal
• Force Lift Hand Pump, Water storage and internal
  plumbing.
• Simple Urinal Designs
• Proper ventilation and natural light.
• Incinerators in School Toilets
• Attractive colour and exterior design.
• Provision of tiles in urinals
• Toilet option for physically challenged
• Technical note on norms and design options of
  school toilet Cum Urinals developed with SSA,
  UNICEF

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SSHE PROGRESS

• Launched in 1999 as Key Component of TSC
• Consistent increase in Coverage
• Operational in 587 districts spread across 30
  states and UTs of India
• Total No. of School Toilets Units constructed
  659094
• Current National School Sanitation Coverage - 56
  
• Total Amount Allocated 2266 Crore. Expenditure
  1180 Crore. State Expenditure- 51
• Health and hygiene education imparted in 7.6 lakh
  rural schools, benefiting 8 crore students
• Current Cost sharing pattern Centre 70 State
  30 No Beneficiary contribution

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SSHE PROGRESS Physical State Wise

• National Coverage 66.94
• 100 Haryana, Sikkim, Pondicherry, Mizoram,
  Karnataka, Gujarat,
• Poor performing- (lt60 coverage)- Dadar and Nagar
  Haveli, Bihar, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and
  Kashmir, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland ,
  Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Punjab

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SSHE Progress Financial Statewise
States with lt 50 Expenditure Andhra Pradesh
Assam, Dadara Nagar Haveli , Goa, Himachal
Pradesh, JK, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland,
Punjab, Uttarakhand, West Bengal
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SSHE Innovations Best Practices A Few Examples

• Bihar Operation and Maintence by Child Cabinets
• Jharkhand Health hygiene in curriculum simple
  hygiene to life skills) supplementary materials
  like Kaksha Kakshiya path se Swachchta ka Judav
  Detailed SSHE work plan jointly under Total
  literacy Campaign Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
• UttarPradesh Leveraging funds from the 12th
  finance Commission for water supply to toilets,
  Force Lift Handpumps
• Tamil Nadu Incinerators and sanitary napkin
  vending machines in schools Menstrual health and
  hygiene education programme, MIS Monitoring
  System

Incinerators
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Force Lift handpump in UP
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SSHE Innovations Best Practices A Few Examples

• Madhya Pradesh Wise water management in schools
  covering Ashram Residential schools
• Gujarat Anandshala Quality Package of Sanitation
  services(Rain water harvesting, greywater reuse)
  Joyful activity based Hygiene Education
• Karnataka Mysore Model
• O M by Students, Teachers- Intensive
  teacher training, Swasth Plus

• Study on health impact of SSHE
• Mysore District

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SSHE GOALS

• Cent Percent Sanitation and Drinking water
  Coverage in all rural Schools by December 2008
• All Coed Schools to have separate toilet
  facilities for girls
• Functional facilities O M and Hygiene
  Education all Schools
• Intersectoral Coordination with other Ministries
  , agencies, institutions
• Focus on child friendly, Gender sensitive,
  challenged friendly designs
• Promoting sustainable school sanitation
  technologies (Rainwater harvesting, grey water
  reuse)

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KEY CHALLENGES

• Slow Physical progress coverage National
  66.9 Poor performing States (lt 60 coverage) -
  11
• Slow utilization of funds for SSHE ( states lt 50
  expenditure -12)
• Developing low cost sustainable school sanitation
  blocks/complexes Inadequate funds norms for
  hilly areas
• Inadequate number of toilets/Urinals as per norms
  (student strength) and upgradation of school
  primary, secondary and higher secondary)
• Poor Quality of Design and construction
• Improper site selection - site specific design
  flexibility not exercised
• Graveyard of Toilets found in many schools -
  Repair and maintenance of Existing, defunct
  toilets
• Inadequate focus on child friendly designs,
  toilets for challenged children, gender sensitive
  designs.

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SSHE - CHALLENGES

• Handwashing facility inadequate in schools
• Inadequate Focus on O M
• Inadequate focus on Integrated approach to SSHE
  Hardware construction Health and hygiene
  Lifeskills based Education
• Water and Sanitation not integrated. No provision
  of running or stored water within school premises
  
• Weak Delivery mechanism for SSHE implementation
  in some states Strengthening institutional
  structures at State, Block, District, Village
  level (DWSC, VWSC , SMC, SDMCs, PTAs with clear
  role and responsibilities
• Capacity Building of all stakeholders- Inadequate
  focus on Hygiene Education
• Islands of best practices. Upscaling Innovative
  models.

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SSHE Key Challenges- Strengthening Intersectoral
convergence

• Water supply coverage in schools- Pooling of
  funds from other schemes ARWSP, 12th Finance
  Commission, Panchayat Funds
• Maintenance of Toilets Urinals Utilizing School
  Grants, Maintenance grants under SSA, Panchayat
  funds
• Water Quality Monitoring in schools through
  National Drinking water and Quality Monitoring
  programme, Department of Drinking water supply
• Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, DSEL, Ministry of Human
  Resource Development, Synchronization of DISE
  TSC Data, Joint plans for coverage of all
  schools with toilets, Capacity building of
  teachers, School Management Committees, Village
  Education Committees, curriculum development
• DSEL Midday Meal Scheme Handwashing before Midday
  Meal Cleaning after Meal , Deworming tablets
• School Health Programme- NRHM, Ministry of Health
  and Family Welfare- Health and hygiene education,
  menstrual hygiene Annual Medical Checkups for
  children , referral services
• Kishori Shakti Yojana - Ministry of Women and
  Child Development
• International Resource Center (IRC, Netherlands)
  to provide strategic planning and technical
  support to the to implement SSHE through an
  innovative project School Water and Sanitation
  Towards Hygiene and Health (SWASTHH)

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SSHE- ACTION Plan 2008 to 2012 UPSCALING WITH
QUALITY AND CONVERGENCE

• Developing a SSHE Programme Strategy for XIth
  Plan Time Bound Yearly, monthly Action Plans for
  achievement of targets keeping in view integrated
  approach

2012
2010
2010
2009
2008
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SSHE- ACTION Plan 2008 to 2012 UPSCALING WITH
QUALITY AND CONVERGENCE

• Identification of gaps, analyse, document best
  practices and lessons learnt and prepare a
  strategic and realistic road map for the
  programme
• Achieving Centpercent coverage and upgrading
  existing ones
• Full sanitation coverage in all rural schools.
  Time Bound Yearly, monthly Action Plans for
  achievement of targets. Focus would be on Poor
  performing States and Districts.
• Construction in uncovered schools in coordination
  with SSA.
• Upgradation of Toilet complexes by construction
  of additional urinals as per norms of student
  strength and separate toilet Cum Urinals for
  girls and boys.
• Water and Handwashing facilities within school
  toilets complexes/units
• Improved Quality of construction, designs Focus
  on child friendly, challenged friendly gender
  sensitive designs)
• Repair and reconstruction of defunct damaged
  toilets

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SSHE- ACTION Plan 2008 to 2012 UPSCALING WITH
QUALITY AND CONVERGENCE

• Institution development
• Capacity building of all stakeholders (TSC, PRIs,
  Village community) Education, Health, at State,
  District, Block, GP level. Regional Trainings and
  workshops
• Schools become learning centres for promotion of
  sustainable technologies for environmental
  conservation like grey water reuse , solid and
  liquid waste management Ecosan, grey water reuse,
  RWH etc.
• Monitoring use and maintenance of facilities and
  hygiene behaviour of students

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SSHE- ACTION Plan 2008 to 2012 UPSCALING WITH
QUALITY AND CONVERGENCE

• Nirmal Vidyalaya Award (Clean School Award
  based on the lines of Nirmal Gram Puruskar) to be
  developed by states Education Depts. to give
  incentive to schools demonstrating innovative
  SSHE strategies and models.
• National Campaign on Sanitation, handwashing,
  Hygiene Promotion engaging children and schools
  organized on 15th October, 2008 in partnership
  with Department of School Elementary Education
  and Literacy (DSEEL) and UNICEF

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SSHE- ACTION Plan 2008 to 2012 UPSCALING
INTERSECTORAL CONVERGENCE

• Water supply coverage in schools (ARWSP), 12th
  Finance, Panchayat funds
• Convergence with SSA for coverage of uncovered
  schools in curriculum, teacher training
  development
• SSHE Midday meal Programme
• SSHE School health programme (MoHFW)
• TSC Ministry of Tribal Affairs toilets in
  tribals schools and hostels.
• Public Private Partnership UNICEF, Private
  Sector (CSR), Educational institutions

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SSHE- ACTION Plan 2008 to 2012UPSCALING WITH
QUALITY AND CONVERGENCE

• Goal Cent percent sanitation coverage in all
  rural schools including Infrastructure plan for
  schools with improved design, O M, Hygiene
  promotion and Convergence
• Goal- All children practice , understand
  importance of sanitation and practice hygiene
  behaviour with a minimum set of facilities.

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SSHE CLEAN TOILETS AND URINALS FOR ALL SCHOOLS
HEALTH EDUCATION IN ALL SCHOOLS HEALTHY
CHILDREN
SWACHCH SWASTHYA VIDYALAYASWASTHYA SHIKSHA
VIDYALAYA
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SCHOOL SANITATION AND HYGIENE EDUCATION
PROGRAMME SCALING UP WITH QUALITY AND
CONVERGENCE CLEAN TOILETS URINALS IN ALL RURAL
SCHOOLS HEALTH HYGIENE EDUCTION IN ALL RURAL
SCHOOLS
Children are our biggest human resource and by
Reaching to the children today giving them the
knowledge Social Responsibility , we can raise
a healthy generation today and tomorrow