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Preventing Runway Incursions

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Title: Preventing Runway Incursions


1
Preventing Runway Incursions
RUNWAY SAFETY
  • European SSAP Regional WorkshopTallinn, 29-30
    June 2004
  • Paul Wilson
  • Head of Airport Throughput Business Division

2
Definition
  • Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the
    incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or
    person on the protected area of a surface
    designated for the landing and take off of
    aircraft

RUNWAY SAFETY
3
Scale of Problem CFMU Area 2002
15.300.000
RUNWAY SAFETY
350
One serious incursion every 14 days ? One
incursion every day ?
4
Classification of reported Runway Incursions
CATEGORY A
CATEGORY D
Very serious
No risk
5
31
RUNWAY SAFETY
30
Significant risk
CATEGORY B
34
Some risk
Source Mandatory Reporting Scheme
CATEGORY C
5
Key Contributory Factors
Controllers 20
RUNWAY SAFETY
Pilots 51
Drivers 29
Source Runway Safety Survey
6
Contributing causes
RUNWAY SAFETY
ATC procedure
RT Phraseology
Weather/Visibility
Construction
Aerodrome layout
Aerodrome signs
Language proficiency
Vehicle procedures
Aerodrome lighting
Pavement markings
Aerodrome documentation
Source Runway Safety Survey
7
  • EUROCONTROL Agency
  • EUROCONTROL Safety Regulation Commission
  • Group of Aerodrome Safety Regulators (GASR)
  • Airlines
  • ANSPs
  • IATA
  • IFATCA
  • IFALPA
  • IAOPA

RUNWAY SAFETY
Joint European Action Plan issued April 2003
8
EUROCONTROL Convergence and Implementation Plan
  • Prevent runway incidents by identifying and
    eliminating risks of runway incursions

RUNWAY SAFETY
9
Recommendation
  • At individual aerodromes, as designated by the
    National Aviation Safety Authorities, a Runway
    Safety Team should be established to lead action
    on local runway safety issues

RUNWAY SAFETY
10
Local Runway Safety Teams available here
  • Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark,
    Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland,
    Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
    Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United
    Kingdom.

RUNWAY SAFETY
  • EUROCONTROL assisted in
  • Presentations
  • Workshops
  • Joint meetings
  • Establishing Local Runway Safety Teams

11
For many incursions
  • 50 of AIRCREW and VEHICLE DRIVERS BELIEVE
    THEY HAVE PERMISSION TO BE ON THE RUNWAY

RUNWAY SAFETY
12
Recommendations
  • Use full vehicle call and aircraft call signs
    when near the runway
  • Use ICAO readback procedure (in cluding drivers)
  • Improve situational awareness by using a common
    frequency for a runway

RUNWAY SAFETY
13
Recent Runway Incursion
?
RUNWAY SAFETY
  • Vehicle Readback procedure not used
  • Different frequencies
  • No situational awareness for the Pilot or the
    Driver

14
Recommendation
  • Do not issue line up clearance to an aircraft if
    this aircraft will be required to hold on the
    runway for more than 90 seconds beyond the time
    it would normally be expected to depart.

RUNWAY SAFETY
15
RUNWAY SAFETY
16
Recommendation
  • Ensure that ATC procedures contain a
    requirement for explicit clearances to cross any
    runway.
  • Includes non-active runways.

RUNWAY SAFETY
17
Recent Runway Incursion
  • Towing aircraft from Terminal to maintenance area
  • Needed to cross a subsidiary crossing runway
  • Only used 2 of the time
  • Normally crossing clearances not given treated
    as a taxiway
  • On day in questions, towing aircraft crossed
    without a clearance normal?

RUNWAY SAFETY
18
Recommendation
  • Ensure that ATC communication messages are not
    over long or complex.
  • Core to these recommendations is the uniform and
    consistent application of ICAO provisions.
  • It should be noted that the ICAO phraseology "
    taxi to holding position " may be misunderstood
    by some pilots due to the use of non ICAO
    phraseology within the North America, where "taxi
    into position and hold" is used by ATC when
    issuing a line up clearance.

RUNWAY SAFETY
19
Recent Runway Incursion
  • B777 US operator misunderstood ICAO
    phraseology
  • WX poor
  • Lined up in front of landing aircraft
  • Category A

RUNWAY SAFETY
20
Recommendation
  • Identify any potential safety benefits of
    carrying out runway inspections in the opposite
    direction to runway movements and if appropriate
    adopt the procedure.

RUNWAY SAFETY
21
RUNWAY SAFETY
22
RUNWAY SAFETY
23
My Experience
  • Standard ICAO Phraseology
  • R/T Checking
  • Overcomplex Instructions
  • Get Read Backs
  • Good Drivers R/T and Read Backs
  • All on one frequency

RUNWAY SAFETY
24
My Experience
  • Clearance to cross all runways
  • Backtrack RWY Instructions
  • Dont line up using RETs
  • Dont cross RED STOP BARS
  • Using conditional Clearances correctly

RUNWAY SAFETY
25
My Experience
  • Formed local RWY Safety Team
  • All incursions and concerns reported
  • Disscussed in Team briefings
  • Watch North American Pilots

RUNWAY SAFETY
26
Runway Safety Awareness CD Rom
  • From the point of view of the Pilot, Air Traffic
    Controller and Airside Vehicle Driver.
  • All the information is ICAO compliant.
  • There is a self scoring quiz
  • Local Runway Safety Teams are discussed.
  • The CD ROM allows important safety materials to
    be reviewed at your convenience.

RUNWAY SAFETY
27
Summary
  • Still a critical issue
  • Day Night VMC IMC
  • Up to one per day
  • 35 of incursions are serious. All have potential
    to become an accident.
  • Apply the Action Plan
  • Form Local Runway Safety Teams
  • EUROCONTROL can support you
  • At workshops
  • Local joint meetings
  • Guidance to Local Ruwnay Safety Teams
  • Other queries

RUNWAY SAFETY
28
European Action Plan for the Prevention of
Runway Incursions is available
fromwww.eurocontrol.int/runwayincursions
RUNWAY SAFETY
Email runway.safety_at_eurocontrol.intTelephon
e 32-2-729 3789
29
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