Napoleon I and the First Empire 1804181415

1
Napoleon (I)and the (First)
Empire(1804-1814/15)
2
Napoleon (1769-1821)

• Gained fame in the Italian Campaign 1796-7 while
  France was at war against Austria and Spain
• Egyptian Campaign 1798-9 to fight England
• First Consul 1799-1804
• He formed the Consulate which gave the appearance
  of preserving the Republic
• 1802 Consul for life voted on by the French
  people. Re-establishment of a form of monarchy.

3
Emperor Napoleon

• Napoleon becomes the Emperor of the French on
  Dec. 2, 1804
• Ratified by a plebiscite
• Napoleon developed a new nobility with many of
  the privileges of the old, but based on
  achievement rather than on birth.

4
At war

• Battle of Austerlitz 1805 Napoleon defeats the
  combined Austrian and Russian armies
• Battles in 1806-7, 1809 against Prussia, Russian,
  and Austria mostly victories for the French put
  Europe under his domination.
• Invasion of Russia 1812
• Russian armies retreated and Napoleon managed to
  gain Moscow, but the Russians burned Moscow
  forcing the French to leave. During his retreat
  from Moscow his army was decimated by hunger,
  extreme cold, and constant attacks by the enemy.
  600,000 --gt 100,000
• European allies began attacking and won a series
  of battles and entered Paris
• Napoleon abdicated and was exiled to the island
  of Elba in 1814
• Louis XVIII restored to the throne of France
  Restoration
• Napoleon returns The Hundred Days - 1815
• Waterloo 1815

5
Legacy

• Centralized administration of government
• Infrastructure improvements (roads and canals)
• Banque de France (centralized state bank)
• Tax system simplified
• Lycées (public French high schools) founded (for
  boys only)
• French territory expanded (temporarily)
• Loss of French possessions Louisiana Purchase
  1803

6
Legacy Condordat (1801)

• Implied papal recognition of the seizing of
  church property
• Acknowledged that Catholicism was the dominant
  religion (but not the official religion)
• Clergy appointed by the state but with the Pope's
  approval
• Remains in effect until the separation of Church
  and State in 1905

7
Legacy Napoleonic Code

• Also called Civil Code
• France lacked a single set of uniform laws
• No secrets laws
• Clearly written
• Adopted through out much of Europe under
  Napoleons control
• Adopted in much of the former French colonial
  areas including the Americas and Africa
• Emphasized the role of the family in society
  investing the father with all authority over
  wives and children

8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)