Title: Accounting for Other Government Fund Types Capital Projects, Debt Service and Permanent
1- Chapter 5
- Accounting for Other Government Fund Types --
Capital Projects, Debt Service and Permanent
2Overview of Chapter 5
- Review of common characteristics of governmental
type funds - Capital Projects Funds
- Debt Service Funds
- Permanent Funds
- Review of Fund statementsGovernmental type funds
3Review of Governmental Type Funds
- Use modified accrual basis
- Long-term asset purchases are treated as
expenditures, depreciation not recorded - Do not carry long-term assets or long-term
liabilities on fund balance sheet - LTA/LTD are shown on the government-wide
statements - If annual budget is used, may be recorded in fund
- If control of purchase orders is relevant to the
fund, can use encumbrance accounting
4Capital Project Funds
- Used for construction or acquisition of major
long-term assets such as buildings, bridges, etc.
for governmental funds - Proprietary type funds handle construction
activities in proprietary fund, not capital
project fund - Accounts for issuance of bonds and receipt of
other financing sources - Accounts for construction or acquisition
expenditures - Does not carry the long-term asset in the CP
fundTreated as expenditure in the fund - Long-term asset is listed in government-wide
Statement of Net Assets - Can record the long-term asset in the GFAAG
5Primary Sources of Funds for Capital Projects
- Taxes raised specifically for capital projects
- Revenue
- Issuance of bonds
- Other financing sources
- Grants from other government units
- Revenue
- Transfers from other funds
- Other financing sources
- Donations
- Other financing sources
- Interest earned on funds held
- Revenue
6Bond Issues
- Long-term bonds are not fund liabilities in
governmental type funds - Will be shown in Government wide statements
- Can be recorded in GLTDAG
- If 12,000,000 of bonds are issued you would
record - Cash 12,000,000
- Other financing sources Bond
Proceeds 12,000,000 - Bond proceeds are considered an Other Financing
Source on the Statement of Revenues, Expenditures
and Changes in Fund Balance
7Number of Capital Projects Funds to Use
- Some jurisdictions may require separate CP fund
for each building project - Otherwise, may account for all, or at least
related construction projects, in a single fund
using the fund within a fund approach - Separate accounts for
- Expenditures - Project 1,
- Expenditures - Project 2, etc.
- General rulemake sure you can prove funds
intended to be used on a specific project are
traceable to the project
8Lease Accounting for state and local governments
- Operating leasestrue rental situation
- Capital leasesthese are in-substance purchases
of long-term assets on time with interest - Criteria to be treated as capital lease are same
as for businesses - Transfers ownership
- Contains bargain purchase option
- Life greater than 75 of assets life
- Present value of minimum lease payments greater
than 90 of fair value of asset
9Lease Issues Contd
- At the inception (beginning) of the lease, the
present value is recorded as follows - Expenditure Dr PV of payments
- Other Fin. Source Lease Cr PV of payments
- The Expenditure reports the equivalent of an
asset purchase, and the Other Financing Source
credit shows the equivalent of issuing a
long-term note
10Lease Issues Contd
- At the inception of the lease the present value
of lease payments is recorded as the value of
the asset and of the liability in the entity-wide
statements - Over time, the net asset value in the entity
wide stmt of net assets is decreased by its
accumulated depreciation - Over time, the liability is decreased by the
amount of the principal portion included in each
lease payment
11Special Assessments
- Special Assessments are similar to property
tax payments, but the payer receives direct
benefits - Citizens in a limited area may vote or petition
the government to provide and charge them for
these benefits
12Special Assessment Types
- Service type
- Example, down town merchants want enhanced police
protection and are willing to pay for it through
extra assessments - Construction type
- Example, residents want their street paved and
are willing to have the cost charged to them over
a period of time
13Accounting for Service Assessments
- The state and local government will use whatever
fund they normally use for that service to record
the assessment revenue - For example, if the assessment is for extra
policing and police costs are in the general
fund, then the assessments will be treated as
general fund revenues - If the assessment were for service normally
accounted for in a special revenue or enterprise
fund, then use those funds
14Accounting for Construction Assessments
- Accounting is different for the following two
scenarios - The government unit is primarily or secondarily
liable to pay off the special assessment
construction loan in the event that taxpayer
revenues are insufficient - The government will NOT hold itself liable,
either legally or by choice, in the event that
taxpayer payments are insufficient to pay the debt
15Construction Special Assessment Issues
- Government liable on the debt
- Record construction in CP fund as usual
- Record repayment of debt in DS fund as usual
- List assets constructed and the special
assessment debt in the entity-wide statement of
Net Assets - The effect is to treat the debt and related
project as if it were undertaken by the government
16Construction Special Assessment Issues Contd
- Government not liable for debt
- Debt not listed in entity wide statement of Net
Assets since it not an obligation of the
government - Collections of assessments from taxpayers and
remittance to bondholders are handled in an
agency fund
17Purpose of Debt Service Fund
- The debt service fund accumulates resources to
pay debt principal and interest on long-term debt
of the overall government - Debt Service fund is not used for proprietary
fund debts, those funds carry their own long-term
debt - While the debt service fund accumulates money and
makes principal and interest payments, bonds
payable is not a liability of the DSF because the
DSF uses the modified accrual basis/flow of
current resources approach - The Bond Liability is in the entity-wide
statement of Net Assets - Can also show the liability in the GLTDAG
18Sources of Debt ServiceFinancing
- Taxes or special assessments earmarked for debt
service - Transfers from the General fund
- Premiums or accrued interest on bond issuance are
often transfer to DSF from Capital Project fund
(CPF) - Refinancing bond proceeds
- Residual equity transferred from CPF
19Modified Accrual Basis DSF
- Exception to expenditure portion of modified
accrual definition - Most expenditures are recorded when the liability
is incurred - EXCEPT for interest and principal which is record
in the DSF as an expenditure when DUE - But, there is an exception to the exception
- When year ends December 31, 20X1 bond payments is
due January 1, 20X2 ( or within a month), and the
money for the payment was provided in the 20X1
budgetthen an expenditure and liability for the
upcoming payment may be recorded in fiscal year
20X1
20Uses of Debt Service Funds
- Sinking fund and payments on term bonds
- May use them for serial bond payments, or can be
handled in general fund - Payments on long-term notes
- Payments on capital lease (but could be in GF)
21Types of Debt
- For serial bonds, money is moved in, payments
made, and little or no balance exists at year end - Because of this simplicity, some governments may
actually handle Debt service in General Fund if
allowed by law - Term bonds All the principal of the bond comes
due at end of the term (perhaps after 30 years),
interest may be paid over time, or all at the end
as well - Deferred serial bonds these may not start the
payments for 2 to 5 years after the bonds are
used - Allows time for property taxes to begin coming in
before payments start
22Types of Debt contd
- In term bond and deferred serial bond situations,
the DSF acts as a sinking fund - Money is moved into the fund and invested in
revenue generating investments - Present value techniques and amortization tables
are used to plan the amount of money that must be
invested so that original money plus revenue
earned over time equals required bond principal
and interest payments
23DSF and Lease Payments
- Debt Service Funds are commonly used for capital
lease payments, though General Fund may sometimes
be used - In DSFs both the payment of principal and payment
of interest result in an EXPENDITURE - However, should keep the amounts separate,
- Because only the principal portion reduces the
net liability on the entity wide Statement of Net
Assets
24Permanent Funds
- Permanent fund characteristics
- A principal amount which is to be invested in
perpetuity - Earnings in the fund can be spent for purposes
that benefit the government or its citizens - Example Perpetual cemetery fund set up by
citizen donation
25Review of Fund Financial Statements for
Government Type Funds
- Balance Sheet for all Government funds
- Must list General Fund, Major Funds, and a single
column for nonmajor funds - Okay to show nonmajor funds separately if does
not make the reports too cumbersome - Note Fund Balance shows Reserved and Unreserved
26Review Contd
- Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes
in Fund Balance will have columns for the same
GF, Major, and Nonmajor funds used in Balance
Sheet - Format
- Revenues - Expenditures
- or - Other Finance Sources/Uses
- or - Special Items
- Change in Fund Balance
- Beginning Bal Ending Fund Balance
- Note Character Classifications of
ExpendituresCurrent, Debt Service, Capital Outlay