Alcohol

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Alcohol

• Health Risks- Day 1
• Choosing to live Alcohol Free-Day 2
• Impact of Alcohol- Day 3
• Review- Day 4
• Test- Day 5

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Day 1

• Health Risks

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Alcohol use can harm the body and the brain and
cause a person to make poor decisions.
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• depressant
• intoxication
• binge drinking
• alcohol poisoning

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Alcohol
Alcohol is an addictive drug.
Using alcohol during the teen years can affect
brain development.
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Short-Term Effects of Alcohol
Alcohol impairs the central nervous system.
Using alcohol slows reaction time, impairs
vision, and diminishes judgment.
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Short-Term Effects of Alcohol

• Alcohol is a depressant.

Depressant
A drug that slows the central nervous system
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Short-Term Effects of Alcohol

• The amount of alcohol that can cause intoxication
  varies from person to person.

Intoxication
The state in which the body is poisoned by
alcohol or another substance, and the persons
physical and mental control is significantly
reduced.
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Short-Term Effects of Alcohol
Development. Pathways and connections necessary
for learning may be permanently damaged.
Memory. Thought processes are disorganized, and
memory and concentration are dulled. Judgment
and control. Judgment is altered and coordination
is impaired. Movement, speech, and vision may be
affected. Risk of stroke. Alcohol use may
increase risk of stroke in young people.
Changes to the Brain
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Short-Term Effects of Alcohol
Heart. Small amounts of alcohol can increase the
heart rate and blood pressure. High levels of
alcohol have the opposite effect, decreasing
heart rate and blood pressure. Heart rhythm
becomes irregular. Body temperature drops.
Cardiovascular Changes
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Short-Term Effects of Alcohol
Digestive System Problems
Stomach. Alcohol increases stomach acid
production and can cause nausea and vomiting.
Liver. Toxic chemicals are released as the liver
metabolizes alcohol. These chemicals cause
inflammation and scarring of the liver tissue.
Kidneys. Alcohol causes the kidneys to increase
urine output, which can lead to dehydration.
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Short-Term Effects of Alcohol
Pancreas Problems
Pancreas. Consuming large amounts of alcohol
quickly can cause pancreatitis, which is
accompanied by acute, severe pain. The pancreas
produces enzymes that break down nutrients in
foods. Alcohol use can disrupt the absorption of
these nutrients.
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Short-Term Effects of Alcohol

• Alcohol use can decrease your performance in
  activities you enjoy.

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Factors that Influence Alcohols Effects
A smaller person feels the effect of the same
amount of alcohol faster than a larger person
does.
Body Size
Alcohol generally moves into the bloodstream
faster in females.
Gender
Food in the stomach slows down the passage of
alcohol into the bloodstream.
Food
If a person drinks alcohol faster than the liver
can break it down, the person becomes
intoxicated.
Rate of Intake
As the amount of alcohol consumed increases, the
level of alcohol in the bloodstream rises.
Amount
Alcohol can interfere with the effects of
medicines, and medicines can heighten the effects
of alcohol.
Medicine
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Factors that Influence Alcohols Effects

• The effects of alcohol depend on many factors,
  including gender and body size.

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Alcohol and Drug Interactions

• Alcohol and drug interactions can lead to illness
  or death.
•  
• Medicines that may cause reactions have warning
  labels that advise people not to use alcohol.

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Long-Term Effects of Alcohol
Alcohol use can have negative effects on a
persons health.
Alcohol use can have long-term effects on a
users physical, mental/emotional, and social
health.
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Long-Term Effects of Alcohol
Addiction
Excessive alcohol use over a long period of time
can damage the brain.
Loss of brain function
Brain damage
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Long-Term Effects of Alcohol
Heart Damage
Excessive alcohol use over a long period of time
can damage the cardiovascular system.
High Blood Pressure
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Long-Term Effects of Alcohol
Irritation of digestive lining
Excessive alcohol use over a long period of time
can damage the digestive system.
Fatty liver
Alcoholic hepatitis
Cirrhosis of the liver
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Long-Term Effects of Alcohol

• Excessive alcohol use over a long period of time
  can damage the pancreas.
•  
• Digestive chemicals destroy the pancreas, causing
  pain, vomiting, and even death.

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Long-Term Effects of Alcohol

• If a person stops using alcohol, some of the
  physical effects of long-term alcohol use can be
  reversed over time.
•  
• The negative effects of alcohol use can also
  include damage to relationships with family,
  friends, and others.

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Binge Drinking and Alcohol Poisoning
Consuming a large amount of alcohol over a short
period of time can be fatal.
Some people choose to drink large amounts of
alcohol during one session.
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Binge Drinking and Alcohol Poisoning

• Binge drinking can severely impair the drinkers
  body systems.

Binge drinking
Drinking five or more alcoholic drinks at one
sitting
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Binge Drinking and Alcohol Poisoning

• Binge drinking can lead to alcohol poisoning.

Alcohol poisoning
A severe and potentially fatal physical reaction
to an alcohol overdose
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Effects of Alcohol Poisoning

• It is dangerous to assume that a person who has
  passed out after consuming a lot of alcohol will
  be fine if left to sleep it off.
•  
• If you suspect that a person has alcohol
  poisoning, call 911 immediately.

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Effects of Alcohol Poisoning
Hypothermia or low body temperature
Mental confusion and stupor
Symptoms of Alcohol Poisoning
Coma and an inability to be roused
Irregular heartbeat
Vomiting and seizures
Slow respiration
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After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary

1. What is intoxication? What influences how fast a
   person becomes intoxicated?

The state in which the body is poisoned by
alcohol or another substance, and mental and
physical control is reduced factors include body
size, gender, food, rate of intake, amount, and
medicine
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After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary

1. Explain how alcohol acts as a depressant on the
   central nervous system.

Slows reaction time, impairs vision, and
diminishes clear thinking and good judgment
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After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary

1. What is binge drinking? What can happen as a
   result of binge drinking?

Drinking five or more alcoholic drinks at one
sitting impaired physical and mental abilities,
alcohol poisoning
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Day 2

• Choosing to Live Alcohol Free

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Choosing not to use alcohol protects a person
from dangerous health consequences.
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• psychological dependence
• physiological dependence
• alcohol abuse
• alcoholism

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Alcohol Use
Several factors influence teen alcohol use.
Anyone who drinks alcohol, however, increases the
risk of the negative consequences.
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Alcohol Use

• One consequence of alcohol use is psychological
  dependence.

Psychological dependence
A condition in which a person believes that a
drug is needed in order to feel good or to
function normally
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Alcohol Use

• Overuse of alcohol can lead to a physiological
  dependence.

Physiological dependence
A condition in which the user has a chemical need
for a drug
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Factors that Influence Alcohol Use
Peer Pressure
A teens choices about alcohol use are influenced
by
Family
Media Messages
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Advertising Techniques

• Companies that produce alcohol spend billions of
  dollars each year on advertising.
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• Manufacturers and advertisers never show
  consumers the negative side of alcohol use.

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Health Risks of Alcohol Use
Alcohol can harm more than just your health.
Alcohol use is linked to deaths from traffic
collisions, drowning, fire, suicide, and
homicide.
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Alcohol and the Law

• It is illegal for anyone under the age of 21 to
  buy, possess, or consume alcohol.
•  
• An arrest can limit college and employment
  options, damage a teens reputation, and cause
  that teen to lose the trust of friends and family
  members.

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Alcohol and Violence

• Teens can protect their health by avoiding
  situations where alcohol is present.
•  
• Teens who drink are also more likely to be
  victims or perpetrators of violent crimes.

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Alcohol and Sexual Activity

• Teens who use alcohol are more likely to
• become sexually active at an earlier age,
• engage in unprotected sexual activity, and
• contract an STD.

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Alcohol and the Family

• It is estimated that 25 percent of all youth are
  exposed to alcohol abuse within their families.

Alcohol abuse
The excessive use of alcohol
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Alcohol and the Family
Young people who live in a household in which a
family member abuses alcohol are at a high risk
for
neglect, abuse, or social isolation
economic hardship
personal use of alcohol themselves
mental illness or physical problems
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Alcohol and the Family

• Studies show that a person who begins drinking
  alcohol as a teen is four times more likely to
  develop alcoholism than someone who waits until
  adulthood to use alcohol.

Alcoholism
A disease in which a person has a physical or
psychological dependence on drinks that contain
alcohol
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Alcohol and School

• Most schools have adopted a zero-tolerance policy
  for students found using alcohol on school
  property.
•  
• Students who use alcohol may become ineligible
  for or be suspended from school activities or
  graduation, or expelled from school.

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Avoiding Alcohol
You will experience many benefits if you choose
to live alcohol-free.
Alcohol is addictive, and once you start
drinking, it may be difficult to stop.
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Avoiding Alcohol
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Benefits of Living Alcohol-Free
Maintaining a healthy body.
Establishing healthy relationships.
Making healthy decisions.
Avoiding risky behaviors.
Avoiding illegal activities.
Avoiding violence.
Achieving your goals.
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Refusing Alcohol
Tips for Refusing Alcohol
Be assertive and use refusal skills.
Call your parents or another trusted adult for a
ride home, if needed.
Plan alcohol-free activities with friends.
Avoid parties or social gatherings where alcohol
is served.
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Refusing Alcohol
Your decision to avoid alcohol is influenced by
the people around you.
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After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary

1. What is alcohol abuse, and how are teens likely
   to be affected if it occurs in their family?

The excessive use of alcohol they may experience
neglect, abuse, social isolation, economic
hardship, personal use of alcohol, and mental
illness or physical problems
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After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary

1. How does alcohol abuse differ from alcoholism?

Alcohol abuse is the excessive use of alcohol,
while alcoholism is a disease in which a person
has a physical or psychological dependence on
drinks that contain alcohol.
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After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary

1. Explain whether teens are at risk of alcohol
   dependence.

Yes, teens who drink are more likely to develop
alcohol dependence than someone who waits until
adulthood to use alcohol.
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Day 3

• Impact of Alcohol Abuse

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Problem drinking and alcoholism harm both the
drinkers and the people around them.
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• blood alcohol concentration (BAC)
• fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
• alcoholic
• recovery
• sobriety

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Alcohol and Driving
Drinking and driving is very dangerous.
Driving while intoxicated (DWI), or driving under
the influence (DUI), is illegal.
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Alcohol and Driving

• Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) depends on the
  quantity and type of alcohol that was consumed,
  the rate of consumption, and body size and gender.

Blood alcohol concentration (BAC)
The amount of alcohol in a persons blood,
expressed as a percentage
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Alcohol and Driving
Any amount of alcohol in the blood can cause the
following
Slow reflexes
Reduced ability to judge distances and speeds
Increase in risk-taking behaviors
Reduced concentration and increased forgetfulness
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Alcohol and Driving
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Driving While Intoxicated

• Adult drivers who have a BAC of 0.08 percent can
  be charged with drunk driving.
•  
• For those under 21, there is no acceptable BAC,
  since its illegal to use alcohol.

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Driving While Intoxicated
Consequences of DWI or DUI
Injuries to or death of the driver and others.
Arrest, jail time, court appearance and fine or
bail, a police record, and possible lawsuits.
Severely restricted driving privileges and/or
immediate confiscation of drivers license.
Higher auto insurance rates or a canceled
insurance policy.
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Driving While Intoxicated

• Riding in a vehicle with a driver who has been
  drinking is just as dangerous as if you were the
  one drinking and driving.
•  
• If someone youre with has been drinking, find a
  ride with someone who has not been drinking, or
  call home for a ride.

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Alcohol and Pregnancy
A female who drinks during pregnancy can harm her
fetus.
When a pregnant female drinks, alcohol passes
directly from her body into the bloodstream of
the fetus.
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Alcohol and Pregnancy

• Infants born to mothers who drink during
  pregnancy are at risk of fetal alcohol syndrome
  (FAS).

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
A group of alcohol-related birth defects that
include physical and mental problems
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Alcohol and Pregnancy
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Effects of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Infants born with FAS may have the following
problems

• Small head and deformities of face, hands, or
  feet
• Heart, liver, and kidney defects
• Vision and hearing problems
• Central nervous system problems, developmental
  disabilities, and poor coordination
• Difficulties learning and short attention span
• Hyperactivity, anxiety, and social withdrawal

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Alcoholism
Alcoholism is a disease that affects the person
who drinks and others around him or her.
Alcoholics are physically or psychologically
dependent on alcohol.
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Alcoholism
Symptoms of Alcoholism
A strong need for alcohol to manage tension or
stress, and a preoccupation with alcohol
Craving
Loss of control
Inability to limit alcohol consumption
Physical dependence
Withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating,
shakiness, and anxiety
A need to drink increasingly more alcohol in
order to feel its effects
Tolerance
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Alcoholics

• The behavior of alcoholics variessome are
  aggressive and violent, while others may become
  withdrawn.

Alcoholic
An addict who is dependent on alcohol
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Alcoholics
Factors that Contribute to Alcoholism
Genetics
Peer pressure
Family
Availability of alcohol
Friends
Stress
Age at which a person starts drinking
Culture
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Stages of Alcoholism
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Stages of Alcoholism

• Alcohol causes serious damage to the liver.
• Compare the healthy liver on the left with the
  liver damaged by alcohol abuse on the right.

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Effects on Family and Society
Alcohol abuse plays a role in crimes and has
negative effects on people who are around problem
drinkers.
About 40 percent of violent crimes are alcohol
related.
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Effects on Family and Society

• Often, people close to alcoholics develop
  codependent behaviors.
•  
• Codependents ignore their own needs and instead
  focus their energy and emotions on the needs of
  the alcoholic.

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Treatment for Alcohol Abuse
Alcoholics can recover if they get treatment.
Alcoholism cannot be cured, but it can be
treated.
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Treatment for Alcohol Abuse

• When an alcoholic decides to quit drinking, he or
  she must go through recovery.

Recovery
The process of learning to live an alcohol-free
life
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Treatment for Alcohol Abuse

• Recovering alcoholics must make a lifelong
  commitment to sobriety.

Sobriety
Living without alcohol
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Treatment for Alcohol Abuse
Step 1
Admitting that alcohol use is a problem
Detoxification, or adjusting to functioning
without alcohol
Step 2
Receiving counseling to change behaviors
Step 3
Recovery, or taking responsibility for ones own
life
Step 4
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Treatment for Alcohol Abuse
Resources and Programs to Help Alcoholics, their
Families and Friends
Al-Anon/Alateen
Alcoholics Anonymous
Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD)
National Association for Children of Alcoholics
National Drug and Alcohol Treatment Referral
Routing Service
Students Against Destructive Decisions (SADD)
SAMSHAs National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and
Drug Information
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After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary

1. What is blood alcohol concentration (BAC), and
   what is the legal BAC for teen drivers?

The amount of alcohol in a persons blood
expressed as a percentage no legal BAC
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After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary

1. What is fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), and what
   causes it?

A group of alcohol-related birth defects that
include physical and mental problems caused by
mothers who drink alcohol during pregnancy
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After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary

1. Why does an alcoholic go through detoxification
   when trying to become sober?

Alcoholics are physically dependent on alcohol.
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Day 4

• Review!

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Day 5

• Test!