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STONEHENGE, AVEBURY AND ASSOCIATED SITES WORLD HERITAGE SITE

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Title: STONEHENGE, AVEBURY AND ASSOCIATED SITES WORLD HERITAGE SITE


1
STONEHENGE, AVEBURY AND ASSOCIATED SITES WORLD
HERITAGE SITE
  • The Stonehenge Background
  • Christopher Young

2
UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE CONVENTION
  • Convention adopted 1972 to establish an effective
    system for the collective protection heritage of
    outstanding universal value, organised on a
    permanent basis and in accordance with modern
    scientific methods
  • 180 member states
  • 812 World Heritage Sites, both natural and
    cultural
  • Governed by the Word Heritage Committee (21
    member states)
  • ICOMOS, ICCROM and IUCN advise the Committee
  • UNESCO World Heritage Centre is the secretariat

3
What the Convention requires
  • World Heritage Sites must have outstanding
    universal value, authenticity and integrity
  • Must also have adequate legal protection and
    management systems to protect their value
  • Outstanding universal value is agreed by
    Committee at time of inscription
  • Committee should be notified by state party of
    major proposed changes to any Site
  • Committee receives reports of problems (Reactive
    Monitoring)
  • State Party periodically reports on state of
    conservation (Periodic Reporting)

4
What the Committee can do
  • If a Site is threatened, the Committee may
  • Seek more information, if necessary by sending a
    mission
  • Offer advice or assistance
  • Inscribe the Site on the World Heritage in Danger
    List, if it believes there is actual or imminent
    danger
  • delete a Site from the World Heritage List
    altogether if it has lost the characteristics
    which put it onto the List in the first place, or
    if necessary corrective measures agreed at the
    time of inscription have not been carried out

5
The Governments responsibilities
  • Government is committed by the Convention to
    identify heritage of outstanding universal value
    and to protect, conserve, present and transmit it
    to future generations
  • UK government does this through existing
    designations and use of the local planning system
  • PPG 15 advises local authorities
  • to formulate specific policies to protect World
    Heritage Sites,
  • to treat then as a key material consideration in
    determining planning applications,
  • calls for development of Management Plans
  • Government should notify World Heritage Committee
    of major proposals affecting World Heritage Sites

6
The Inscription of Stonehenge
  • Site inscribed in 1986
  • The Committee noted with satisfaction the
    assurances provided by the authorities of the
    United Kingdom that the closure of the road which
    crosses the avenue at Stonehenge was receiving
    serious consideration as part of the overall
    plans for the future management of the site.

7
Justification for Inscription
  • Stonehenge and Avebury are the two most
    important and characteristic prehistoric
    monuments in Britain. They represent the henge
    monument par excellence, as the largest, most
    evolved and best preserved pre-historic temples
    of a type unique to Britain. Together with the
    associated sites and monuments they provide a
    landscape without parallel in Britain or
    elsewhere and provide an unrivaled demonstration
    of human achievement in prehistoric times.
  • (from the UK Nomination Dossier for Stonehenge,
    Avebury and Associated Sites WHS)

8
Subsequent Committee Statements1986 - 2000
  • 1992 ICOMOS urged the Committee to write to the
    UK government to support proposed measures for
    management of site
  • 1994 the Bureau noted the then current proposals
    and hoped that a satisfactory project could be
    undertaken as soon as possible
  • 1998 the Bureau expressed its satisfaction with
    the then proposals (Visitor centre at Fargo
    North, the closure of the A344, the placing of
    the A303 in 2 kms tunnel), stressed the need to
    close the A344 and urged completion of the
    management plan with minimum delay
  • 2000 the Bureau congratulated the UK on the high
    quality management plan for Stonehenge and noted
    that the government intended to follow ICOMOSs
    recommendation for careful evaluation and
    assessment at each stage of its implementation

9
Subsequent Committee Statements2001 - 2004
  • 2001 Bureau noted government proposals for
    putting A303 in a 2km tunnel, closing A344 and
    siting of the Visitor Centre outside the World
    Heritage Site. ICOMOS confirmed that it was in
    full agreement with the proposals
  • 2002 the Committee noted progress
  • 2003 the Committee welcomed the governments
    decision to construct a bored tunnel. ICOMOS
    stated that it would prefer a longer 4.5km
    tunnel.
  • 2004 The Committee noted the progress with the
    A303 Stonehenge Improvement and the proposals for
    a new visitor centre and welcomed the
    opportunity given to the public to make their
    views known in the decision making process for
    the A303 through a Public Inquiry

10
World Heritage Site Management Plans
  • First UK WHS Management Plan completed in 1996
  • Now in place for 22 out of 26 UK WHS and in draft
    for the remaining four
  • UK WHS Management Plans are produced by consensus
    among key stakeholders
  • Aim for a sustainable balance between
    conservation, access, economic use and the
    interests of the local community
  • Plans are developed through a process of
    describing the Site, assessing its values,
    identifying threats and opportunities, setting
    out policies and means for implementation

11
Stonehenge WHS Management Plan
  • Management Plan published in 2000
  • Provides strategy to conserve and manage the site
    for future generations
  • Balances the primary aim of protecting the sites
    archaeology with other interests such as access,
    farming local interests and nature conservation
  • Endorsed by all stakeholders in WHS and adopted
    as Supplementary Planning Guidance by Salisbury
    District Council

12
The Management Plan Vision
  • Long term objectives include
  • Conserve and enhance the WHS landscape and its
    many archaeological monuments
  • Increase understanding and enjoyment of the WHS
    as a whole
  • Improve the landscape setting of Stonehenge by
    creating a core area of grass, free of traffic
  • Maximise benefits for the local community
  • Encourage research

13
The Stonehenge Project
  • The Stonehenge Project aims to achieve a major
    part of the Management Plan objectives by
  • Hiding the A303 from Stonehenge in a tunnel
  • Closing the A344 where it passes Stonehenge
  • Building a new Visitor Centre outside the WH Site
    near Countess roundabout
  • Removing the existing facilities near the Stones
  • Restoring much of the core area of the WH Site to
    grass
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