ServiceLearning Theory Development Presenters: Prof'Alfred Chan Cheung Ming Dr' Carol Ma Hok Ka Dire

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Service-Learning Theory DevelopmentPresenters
Prof.Alfred Chan Cheung MingDr. Carol Ma Hok
KaDirector, Office of Service-Learning,
Lingnan UniversityService-Learning
Coordinator, Office of Service-Learning, Lingnan
University E-mail Address sscmchan_at_ln.edu.hk/
carolma_at_ln.edu.hkTel 2616 8059Office GE
103Web-site www.ln.edu.hk/osl
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Agenda

• History of Service-Learning in US
• Concept of Service-Learning
• Experimental Learning Theory (ELT)

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History of S-L from 1800s

• Land Grant Institution (Pioneer)
• To promote the liberal and practical education
  for industrial class
• To integrate the real life elements of
  agriculture and the mechanic arts into
  traditional scientific and classical studies

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Before 1950s

• John Dewey (1903)
• To form the intellectual foundations to
  service-based learning
• - Thought its Subject-Matter
• To develop a new education method in Chicagos
  school

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Before 1950s

• Cooperative Agricultural Extension Work, 1914
• A service with applications of both research
  knowledge and demonstrations
• Certain communities
• National level

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1960s

• The Retired and Senior Volunteer Program (RSVP)
• College work-study programs (1965)
• Service-Learning (1966)
• Atlanta Service-Learning Conference (1969)
• S-L an integration of the accomplishment of the
  tasks which meet human needs with conscious
  educational growth

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1970s

• Youth Conservation Corps
• Summer Program every year
• To allow young people to learn, work and earn
  together by conducting projects in public land
• National Student Volunteer Program (1979)
• To draw the public attention in support of
  service-learning and the contributions volunteers
  making in efforts to improve student learning

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1970s

• The National Center for Service-Learning (1979)
• To provide quality service-learning opportunities
  for all students
• To suggest Three Principles of Service-Learning
  (Robert Sigmon)
• Those being served control the services provided
• Those being served become better able to serve
  and be served by their own actions
• Those who serve also are the learners and have
  significant control over what is expected to be
  learned.

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1980s

• Wingspread Conference 1989
• Ten principles of Good Practice in
  Service-Learning were produced by over 70
  organizations

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1990s-Today

• Office of National Service
• National and Community Service Act
• National Level

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1990s-Today

• Michigan Journal for Community Service-Learning
  (MJCSL, 1994)
• To promote the service-learning among the
  tertiary education
• Theory
• Practice
• Method
• relevant research

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1990s-Today

• Significance
• To give service-learning an academic legitimacy
• To offer a better understanding of
  service-learning for both teaching staffs and
  students

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1990s-Today

• The first National Gathering on service-learning,
  1995
• Significance To expand S-L network to the
  internet
• Invisible College
• The Campus Compact
• The Feinstein Institute for Public Service
• University of Colorado Peace Studies Center

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1990s-Today

• The first international conference (Berkeley,
  2000)
• National Level Worldwide Level
• Around 350 researchers presented and shared their
  experience from the updated findings at the level
  from K-12 education to tertiary education

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1990s-Today

• Today, service-learning plays a key role in the
  American education system.
• In recent years, more and more countries begin to
  adopt this kind of teaching approach in order to
  provide an all-round education for the next
  generations.
• Source
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service-learning
• Annotated History of Service-Learning (1862-2002)

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Philosophical based of Service-Learning

• Society is best built with helping each other
• Serving others to serve our own
• Service to learn learn to service

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Service--Learning

• Service and Learning are equally important in
  the program
• Service-Learning combines rigorous academic study
  with voluntary community service (credits and
  curriculums integrated)
• Living Laboratories
• What does Service mean?
• What does Learning mean?

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Service

• Meaning of the Service To serve others
• Nature of the Service Social/ Environmental/
  Political/ etc
• Methods of providing service individual
  based/group based/ community based/ etc

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Learning

• Meaning of Learning To serve others
• Nature of the Learning Social Learning Theory/
  Experimental Learning Theory/etc
• Methods of learning One-One work/ group work/
  community work/etc

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Experiential learning Theory (ELT)

• A Concept developed by John Dewey (1938)
• Often cited by advocates of Service-Learning (
  Boyer 1983, 1987b Clark Welmers, 1994 Lipka,
  Beane OConnell, 1985)
• Two principles
• The principle of continuity
• The principle of interaction

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ELTguide the overall design and implementation
of Service-learning Program

• Facilitate a reciprocal relationship between
  practice and learning
• The learnt knowledge and skills will be
  reinforced and strengthen during the practice
  experience

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• The Experiential Learning Model

Concrete Experience
Experimental Learning Cycle
Testing implications of concepts in
new situations
Observations and Reflections
Formation of abstract Concepts and
generalizations
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Where to go from here?

• Theories development own theory, method and
  evaluation/ outcomes
• Relationship between service and learning in
  practice ( frequency and quality and quantity)
• Curriculum-integration and specific S-L curricula
  ( Modes/ formats)

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• Thanks You!