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EnergyEfficient Forwarding Strategies for Geographic Routing in Lossy Wireless Sensor Networks

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Energy-Efficient Forwarding Strategies for Geographic Routing in Lossy Wireless Sensor Networks ... Karm Seada, Marco Zuniga, Ahmed Helmy, Bhaskar Krishnamachari ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: EnergyEfficient Forwarding Strategies for Geographic Routing in Lossy Wireless Sensor Networks


1
Energy-Efficient Forwarding Strategies for
Geographic Routing in Lossy Wireless Sensor
Networks
Karm Seada, Marco Zuniga, Ahmed Helmy, Bhaskar
Krishnamachari Department of Electrical
Engineering University of Southern
California SenSys04
  • 2005-09-20
  • Kim, Kwang-Soo

2
Contents
  • Introduction
  • Greedy Forwarding
  • Model Metric
  • Realistic channel model
  • Evaluation metric
  • Geographic Forwarding strategies
  • Distance/Reception based policy
  • Blacklisting
  • Simulation Results
  • Conclusions

3
Introduction
  • Geographic routing
  • Information delivery in wireless sensor networks
  • Location information of node
  • Nodes know only the location information of their
    direct neighbors
  • Greedy forwarding mechanism

4
Greedy Forwarding(1/2)
5
Greedy Forwarding(2/2)
  • Forwarding a packet to the neighbor that is
    closest to the destination
  • Sufficient network density
  • Accurate localization
  • High link reliability
  • In real world, wireless links can be highly
    unreliable
  • Unreliable links exposes a key weakness in greedy
    forwarding

6
Proposed method
  • Neighbor classification based on link reliability
  • Distance
  • Loss characteristics
  • Blacklisting / neighbor selection

7
Realistic channel model for lossy sensor networks
  • the transmitter-receiver distance
  • the signal to noise ratio(SNR)
  • encoding ratio
  • the frame length

8
Samples from a realistic analytical link loss
model
9
Evaluation Metric
  • Deliver Rate(r) percentage of packets sent by
    the source which reached the sink
  • Total number of Transmissions(t) total number
    of packets sent by the network, to attain the
    delivery rate
  • Energy efficiency(Eeff) number of packets
    delivered to the sink for each unit of energy
    spent by the network

10
Energy efficiency
  • r delivery rate
  • t the total number of transmissions
  • psrc the number of packets sent by the source
  • etx and erx the number of energy required by a
    node to transmit and receiver a packet
  • ere the energy used to read only the header of
    the packet
  • n the expected number of neighbors
  • K constant including etotal and a conversion
    factor for energy unit

11
Geographic Forwarding strategies for lossy
networks
  • Distance-based policy
  • Nodes need to know only the distance to their
    neighbors
  • Reception-based policy
  • In addition to the distance, nodes need to know
    also the packet reception rates of their
    neighbors
  • Individual nodes can estimating the reception
    rate by monitoring the channel and observing
    packet success and loss events

12
Blacklisting
  • To avoid weak links
  • Blacklisting a set of neighbors based on a
    certain criteria, and then forward to the node
    closest to the destination among the remaining
    neighbors
  • Distance-based blacklisting
  • Neighbors above a certain distance are likely to
    have weak links.
  • Reception-based blacklisting
  • Classifying nodes based on the quality of their
    links absolute reception blacklisting, relative
    reception blacklisting

13
Distance-based Forwarding(1/2)
14
Distance-based Forwarding(2/2)
Threshold 20
Blacklist Region
15
Reception-based Forwarding (1/3)
16
Reception-based Forwarding(2/3)
Threshold 20
Blacklist Region
17
Reception-based Forwarding(3/3)
D
S
18
Experimental Environment
  • Network size 100 to 1000 nodes having the same
    radio characteristic
  • Density 25, 50, 100, 200
  • Radio range 40m
  • Random distribution
  • Retransmissions 10

19
Distance-based Blacklisting Scheme
20
Absolute Reception-based Blacklisting Scheme
21
Relative Reception-based Blacklisting Scheme
22
Performance of Geographic Forwarding Strategies
at Different Densities
23
Conclusions
  • Several geographic forwarding strategies
  • Blacklisting / neighbor selection
  • Distance/reception-based policy
  • Reception-based strategies are more efficient
    than distance-based strategies
  • Proposed geographic forwarding approaches
  • Energy-efficiency
  • Minimizing route disconnections
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