70291: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Network, Enhanced Chapter 5: Managing

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70-291 MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft
Windows Server 2003 Network, Enhanced Chapter
5 Managing and Monitoring DHCP
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Objectives

• Back up and restore DHCP databases
• Reconcile DHCP scopes
• Use the jetpack utility to repair a DHCP database
• View DHCP statistics
• Enable and interpret DHCP audit logs
• Configure conflict detection
• Bind the DHCP service to certain network cards
• View and interpret DHCP events in Event Viewer
• Troubleshoot common DHCP problems

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Backing Up and Restoring DHCP Databases

• The DHCP Service should be reliable and have
  uncorrupted data
• Dhcp.mdb holds addressing info assigned to
  clients
• Dhcp.tmp is only present during maintenance
  operations
• J50.log and J50.log are transaction logs
  indicating changes to the DHCP database
• By default, the DHCP database is backed up every
  hour

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Backing Up and Restoring DHCP Databases
(continued)
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Backing Up and Restoring DHCP Databases
(continued)
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Backing Up and Restoring DHCP Databases
(continued)
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Backing Up and Restoring DHCP Databases
(continued)
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Activity 5-1 Installing and Authorizing DHCP

• Objective Install and authorize DHCP on Windows
  Server 2003
• Use the Add/Remove Windows Components utility
• Authorize the server using the DHCP snap-in

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Activity 5-2 Backing up a DHCP Database

• Objective Back up a DHCP database
• Use the DHCP snap-in
• Select the backup option

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Activity 5-3 Changing the Default Location of
the DHCP Database

• Objective Change the default directory used to
  store the DHCP database
• Use the DHCP snap-in to change the default
  directory

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Activity 5-4 Restoring a DHCP Database

• Objective Restore DHCP database information from
  a backup location
• Restore from a previously created backup database
• Issue the restore command from the DHCP snap-in

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Maintaining the DHCP Database

• Over time, the DHCP database will grow in size
• The DHCP database may contain inconsistencies
• The database may need to be fixed by reconciling
  a scope or repairing the DHCP database itself

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Reconciling Scopes

• The DHCP database holds summary and detailed
  versions of the IP address lease information
• Reconcile if there is a discrepancy between two
  versions of information
• Reconcile if information about leased addresses
  is not appearing properly
• Reconcile to properly show leased addresses after
  restoring the DHCP database

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Reconciling Scopes (continued)
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Activity 5-5 Reconciling a Scope

• Objective Reconcile a DHCP scope
• Use the DHCP snap-in to issue a reconcile command

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Repairing the DHCP Database

• As the DHCP database grows, the potential for
  corruption increases
• The DHCP Service creates entries in the Event Log
  if inconsistencies are found
• Repair a corrupted DHCP database by using the
  jetpack command-line utility

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Activity 5-6 Running the Jetpack Utility

• Objective Repair a corrupted DHCP database
• Use the jetpack utility to repair the database

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Viewing DHCP Statistics

• Windows Server 2003 DHCP Service automatically
  tracks statistics
• Statistics are viewable as a whole or by scope
• The Performance snap-in may be used to monitor
  DHCP statistics

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Viewing DHCP Statistics (continued)
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Viewing DHCP Statistics (continued)
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DHCP Audit Logging

• DHCP audit logs keep detailed information about
  DHCP server activity
• The logs are used to troubleshoot a DHCP server
• They are stored in the C\WINDOWS\system32\dhcp
  directory
• Each line contains an event ID that states the
  nature of the event

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DHCP Audit Logging (continued)
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DHCP Audit Logging (continued)
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DHCP Audit Logging (continued)
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Activity 5-7 Viewing an Audit Log

• Objective View sample events in an audit log
• Use Notepad to view the log

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Conflict Detection

• Using DHCP does not prevent static IP
  configuration
• A DHCP server may hand out an IP address that was
  already statically assigned
• Conflict detection prevents a DHCP server from
  creating IP address conflicts
• A DHCP server pings an IP address before it is
  leased to a client computer

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Conflict Detection (continued)
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Activity 5-8 Configuring Conflict Detection

• Objective Conflict detection on a DHCP server
• Use the DHCP snap-in to set the number of
  conflict detection attempts to two

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Configuring DHCP Bindings

• You can choose which network card the DHCP
  Service is bound to
• The server only hands out IP addresses through a
  network card that has the DHCP Service bound

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Configuring DHCP Bindings (continued)
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Activity 5-9 Setting Bindings for DHCP

• Objective Bind the DHCP Service to one NIC only
• Ensure that the DHCP server is bound to only your
  local area connection
• Use the DHCP snap-in

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Viewing DHCP Events in Event Viewer

• Summary information generated by the DHCP Service
  is placed in the system event log

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Viewing DHCP Events in Event Viewer (continued)
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Activity 5-10 Viewing DHCP Events in Event
Viewer

• Objective See the events placed into the system
  log by the DHCP Service
• Use Event View under Administrative Tools

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DHCP Troubleshooting

• DHCP is a simple broadcast-based protocol that
  seldom has problems
• Problems include
• All computers are unable to lease addresses
• A single computer is unable to lease an address
• Some computers have incorrect address information
• A single computer has incorrect address
  information

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DHCP Troubleshooting (continued)

• Problems
• A rogue DHCP server is leasing addresses
• Multiple DHCP servers are causing conflicts
• The DHCP server hands out addresses already used
  by hosts with static IP addresses
• A client is using an Automatic Private IP
  Addressing (APIPA) address

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Activity 5-11 Remove DHCP

• Objective Remove the DHCP Server service from
  your server
• Remove the server using the Add/Remove Windows
  Components utility

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Summary

• The DHCP database normally resides in the
  C\WINDOWS\system32\dhcp folder (can change)
• Reconciling scopes will synchronize scope
  information in the DHCP database
• The jetpack command-line utility may be used to
  repair a corrupted DHCP database
• You may view DHCP statistics in the DHCP snap-in
  or via the Performance snap-in

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Summary (continued)

• Audit logging enables you to view detailed
  information about the operation of the DHCP
  Service
• Conflict detection sends a ping packet before
  leasing an IP address to ensure that it is not in
  use
• You can configure the DHCP service binding to
  respond to DHCP clients on certain network cards
  only
• Troubleshooting DHCP problems is a valuable skill
  when implementing Windows Server 2003