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FEDERALISM:

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Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) was established under the ... of national and state influence swirl around each other, without clear boundaries. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: FEDERALISM:


1
Chapter 3
  • FEDERALISM
  • STATES AND NATION

2
Welfare Reform and the States
  • Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)
    was established under the Social Act of 1935.
  • Designed as an entitlement program for children
    in poor, mostly female-headed, families
  • Administered by the states, a process that
    resulted in different levels of benefits from one
    state to another

3
  • The welfare system began to change around the
    beginning of the 1990s.
  • The 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work
    Opportunity Act makes public welfare a state
    responsibility with federal financial support.
  • This interplay between national and state
    governments illustrates the dispersion of power
    in our federal system.

4
Forms of Government
  • Federalism significant government powers are
    divided between the central government and
    smaller governmental units
  • Confederation constituent units or states
    retain ultimate authority and can veto major
    actions of the central government
  • Unitary central government exercises all
    governmental powers and can change its
    constituent units

5
Federalism as a System of Government
  • American federalism involves a multiplicity of
    governing levels and units.
  • Federalism is not a common way of organizing
    governments around the world.
  • There are no neat boundaries among different
    forms of government.

6
The Roots of Federalism
  • Modern federalism is largely an American
    invention.
  • Most federal systems are found in countries that
    are large and diverse.
  • Unitary government is the most common form of
    government today.

7
U.S. Federalism Pro and Con
  • Federalism is one of the key structural
    characteristics of American government.
  • Advantages of federalism
  • Disadvantages of federalism

8
The Constitution and Shared Powers
  • Power is expressly given to the states, as well
    as to the national government.
  • The states have important roles in shaping the
    national government and in choosing officials for
    the national government.

9
How Federalism Is Depicted in the Constitution
  • Central role of the national government
  • Supremacy clause the Constitution, laws, and
    treaties of the United States shall be the
    supreme law of the land
  • Enumerated powers national powers that are
    specifically listed in the Constitution

10
  • Independent state powers
  • Reserved powers of the states the powers not
    delegated to the United States by the
    Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states,
    are reserved to the states respectively, or to
    the people (Tenth Amendment the reservation
    clause)
  • The reservation clause is unique to the United
    States.
  • The states roles in national government

11
  • Relations among the states established in
    Article IV of the Constitution
  • Full faith and credit states must recognize
    the public acts, records, and judicial
    proceedings of every other state
  • Privileges and immunities of citizens states
    must grant the same legal rights to citizens of
    other states that it grants to its own citizens

12
The Evolution of Federalism
  • Federalism as we know it emerged slowly.
  • Early conflicts between the states and the nation
  • The role of the Supreme Court
  • The slavery issue

13
Expansion of National Power
  • Crucial effects of the Civil War
  • Expanded national activity since the Civil War
  • Reaction of the Supreme Court

14
Metaphors for Contrasting Views of Federalism
  • Layer cake federalism
  • Old, simple metaphor
  • Often used as a metaphor for dual federalism
  • A system of federalism in which state and
    national powers are seen as distinct and separate
    from each other

15
  • Marble cake federalism
  • Often used as a metaphor for cooperative
    federalism
  • A more accurate metaphor for todays federalism
  • Elements of national and state influence swirl
    around each other, without clear boundaries.

16
The Rise of National Grants-in-Aid to the States
  • Grants-in-aid are federal funds allocated to
    states and local governments.
  • Origin and growth of grants
  • Types of grants
  • Categorical grants
  • Block grants
  • General Revenue Sharing
  • The slowdown in national money

17
The Balance of Power and Control
  • Many contemporary facets of federalism involve
    questions of control.
  • Mandates require the states to carry out
    certain policies, even when little or no national
    government aid is involved
  • Conditions on aid require states to spend grant
    money in certain ways if they want to receive
    federal funding
  • Resurgence of the states in the American federal
    system

18
Consequences of the Federal System
  • A high degree of complexity in policymaking and
    policy implementation
  • Permits diversity of responses to different
    situations
  • Allows experimentation at state and local levels
  • Entails substantial inequality
  • Difficult or impossible to carry out certain
    kinds of policies at state or local levels
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