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Title: Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System (GCOOS): A Component of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)


1
Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System
(GCOOS) A Component of the U.S. Integrated Ocean
Observing System (IOOS)
  • Worth D. Nowlin, Jr.
  • Alfredo Prelat
  • Texas AM University
  • Par Governments
  • Symposium on Coastal Ecosystems of
  • the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea
  • Villahermosa, Mexico
  • 29 June 2006

2
Outline
  • The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)
  • The U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)
  • - Background
  • - The Global Module
  • - The Coastal Module
  • The Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing
    System (GCOOS)
  • - Building the System
  • - Integration of Existing Capabilities
  • - Future development
  • - Example benefits

3
Global Ocean Observing System(GOOS)
4
Global Ocean Observing System(GOOS)
  • GOOS is an end-to-end system of observations,
    data management, and production and delivery of
    products/services.
  • GOOS is being coordinated by United Nation
    agencies with the participation of some 100 ocean
    nations.
  • Together with the World Weather Watch, Global
    Atmospheric Watch, Global Climate Observing
    System and Global Terrestrial Observing System,
    GOOS is an element of the Global Earth
    Observation System of Systems (GEOSS).

5
The GOOS Modules
The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) has been
designed and is being implemented in two modules
The global module is designed to monitor,
predict, and understand marine surface conditions
and climate variability/change and The
coastal module is designed to sustain healthy
marine ecosystems, ensure human health, promote
safe and efficient marine transportation, enhance
national security, and predict and mitigate
against coastal hazards.
The U.S. contribution to GOOS is called the
Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS).
6
U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)
7
Background
8
1998 U.S. Congress Called for anIntegrated Ocean
Observing System (IOOS)Provide Data/Info
Required for More Rapid Detection Timely
Prediction of State Changes
  • Improve the safety efficiency of marine
    operations
  • Improve homeland security
  • Mitigate effects of natural hazards more
    effectively
  • Improve predictions of climate change their
    effects
  • Minimize public health risks
  • Protect restore healthy ecosystems in coastal
    environments more effectively
  • Sustain living marine resources

1 System, 7 Goals
9
Framework for IOOS
  • Ocean.US formed in 2000
  • Governed by a federal Executive Committee
  • Prepare maintain IOOS Development Plans
  • Coordinate interagency implementation
  • 2004 U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy
  • Implement the IOOS
  • Implement ecosystem-based management approaches
    to natural resources water quality
  • Strengthen the Regional Approach
  • Presidents Ocean Action Plan
  • Enhance Ocean Leadership Coordination
  • Establish IOOS as part of GEOSS
  • Optimize Harmonize Use Conservation of Ocean,
    Coastal Great Lakes
  • Manage Coasts their Watersheds
  • Establish strong partnerships among stakeholders

10
Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)
An EndtoEnd System that Routinely Provides Data
Information Specified by
Groups that Use, Depend on, Manage or Study
Oceans Coasts
GOOS
(1) Analysis, Modeling
End To End
(2) Data Management Communications
(3) Observing In Situ Remote Sensing
11
Integrated End to End SystemRapid Access to
Diverse Data from Many Sources
Data Telemetry
Data Management Communications
Products Services
Modeling Analysis
Observations
Satellites
Maritime Navigational Services
Aircraft
  • Metadata standards
  • Data discovery
  • Data transport
  • Online browse
  • Data archival

Search Rescue
Coastal Flooding Erosion
Fixed Platforms
Data Management
Beach Closures
Ships
Water Management
Drifters Floats
Nutrient Management
AUVs
Fisheries Management
11
12
Ecosystem-Based, Adaptive Management
  • Rapid Repeated Detection of changes
  • over a broad spectrum of time-space scales
  • Timely Predictions of such changes

Tune the flow of environmental data information
to the Time scales on which decisions should be
made
WE DO NOT HAVE THIS CAPABILITY TODAY
13
Why?
  • Cultural divides
  • Inefficient, ineffective data management
  • Under sampling in time, space ecological
    complexity
  • Lack of capacity for rapid data acquisition
    analysis

14
U.S. IOOS Multi Scale Hierarchy of
Observations
Global Ocean Climate Component GOOS/GCOS
Coastal Ocean Component
GLs
NE
GoA
MAB
NW
Regional Observing Systems
SE
H Isl
C Cal
Go Mex
S Cal
Carrib
National Backbone
Low
Resolution
High
15
The Global Module
16
Global Component of the GOOSIntegrates Remote
In Situ SensingAn International Collaboration
17
Broad Objectives of Ocean Component
  • Monitoring and detection of climate change
  • Seasonal-to-interannual climate prediction
  • Marine and weather forecasts
  • Short-range ocean forecasts
  • Understanding decadal variations
  • Support of scientific research
  • Routine ocean state estimation

International coordination and oversight of the
global ocean component is by the WMO-IOC Joint
Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine
Meteorology U.S. participation is significant.
18
Key Actions
  • Full implementation of the surface and
    subsurface observing networks
  • Designate and support national agents for
    implementation and establish research-operational
    partnerships
  • Timely, free, unrestricted data exchange and
    comprehensive data management procedures
  • International standards for metadata for
    essential climate variables
  • Develop more cost effective two-way
    communication technologies
  • Develop integrated global climate product needs

19
Multi-year Phased Implementation Plan
(representative milestones)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2006
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
Real-time Stations Initial GCOS Subset
170
148
126
106
Tide Gauges
91
79
67
67
69
56
51
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
807
779
787
671
Number of buoys
975
Surface Drifting Buoys
119
97
115
104
Number of moorings
84
87
Tropical Moored Buoys
79
79
77
79
77
High resolution and frequently repeated lines
occupied
51
51
51
45
34
28
Ships of Opportunity
27
26
26
24
23
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Number of floats
20
31
544
2300
Argo Floats
1572
923
Number of observatories, flux, and ocean
transport stations
89
49
78
41
42
60
15
35
37
Reference Stations
29
54
Ice buoys, drifting and Moored stations
85
78
31
64
30
30
29
29
Arctic System
54
37
34
31
31
31
Repeat Sections Committed, One inventory per 10
years
29
Ocean Carbon Network
1
0
0
27
27
24
24
830
830
730
Days at sea (NOAA contribution)
340
Dedicated Ship Time
640
531
497
497
370
497
370
9
9
9
Product evaluation and feedback loops
implemented (NOAA contribution)
9
3
8
2
System Evaluation
7
0
1
1
Initial Ocean Observing System Milestones
including international contributions
100
88
77
40
45
System Complete
30
34
66
Total System
55
53
48
2001
2002
2000
2003
2004
2006
2005
2007
2008
2009
2010
20
82 complete
21
GCOS Climate Reference Tide Gauge Stations
54 complete
22
The Coastal Module
23
Coastal Component
National Backbone
  • Federal Agencies
  • Responsible
  • EEZ Great Lakes
  • Core variables required by
  • regions Federal Agencies
  • Network of sentinel
  • reference stations
  • Standards/Protocols

Regional COOSs
  • Regional Associations
  • Responsible
  • Involve private public
  • sectors
  • Inform Federal Agencies
  • of user needs
  • Enhance the backbone
  • based on user needs
  • Incorporate subregional
  • systems

24
11 Groups Funded by NOAA Coastal Services Center
to Establish Regional Associations (RAs)
ACOOS
NANOOS
GLOS
NERA
CenCOOS
MACOORA
SCCOOS
SECOORA
PacIOOS
GCOOS
CaRA
25
IOOS Data Management
  • Data Management and Communications (DMAC)
    subsystem - a primary integrating mechanism for
    IOOS
  • Framework to link diverse observing systems into
    an integrated, interoperable data-sharing network
  • DMAC Plan evolving recommended data and metadata
    standards, protocols, and operating practices

26
IOOS Coastal Backbone Core Variables
  • Geophysical
  • Sea surface meteorological variables
  • LandSea Stream flows
  • Sea level
  • Surface waves, currents
  • Ice distribution
  • Temperature, Salinity
  • Bathymetry
  • Biophysical
  • Optical properties
  • Benthic habitats
  • Chemical
  • pCO2
  • Dissolved inorganic nutrients
  • Contaminants
  • Dissolved oxygen
  • Biological
  • Fish species, abundance
  • Zooplankton species, abundance
  • Phytoplankton species, biomass (ocean color)
  • Waterborne pathogens

27
IOOS Coastal Component High Priority Research
Pilot Projects
  • Surface current mapping
  • Product realtime surface current maps
  • HFradar, remote in situ sensing
  • Data assimilationnumerical modeling
  • Spacebased remote sensing
  • Improve chl algorithms for ocean color
  • Increase spatial, temporal, spectral resolution
  • Sea surface salinity
  • Aircraft remote sensing of near shore
    environments
  • LIDAR
  • Coupled physicalwater quality/ecosystem models
  • Ecosystem Based Management
  • Glider development for in situ sensors
  • In situ sensors for core variables

28
IOOS Summary Current Status
  • 1st Annual IOOS Development Plan
  • Global ocean climate component being implemented
  • Initial backbone in place
  • Sub regional coastal ocean observing systems
    funded
  • DMAC Plan completed
  • Regional groups funded to
  • Form Regional Associations
  • Engage User Groups Public Private Sectors
  • Establish RCOOSs
  • Government support
  • Current Funding 125 M
  • Executive order
  • Legislation in Congress to Authorize Additional
    Funding

29
The National Backbone of the IOOS
  • What is it?
  • How will it be specified?
  • How will it be implemented?
  • How will it be funded?

Based on a Presentation by Tom Malone, Ocean.US
Office
30
What is the NB in Concept?
  • Initial Observing Subsystem Infrastructure
  • Measures the core variables in the nations
    Exclusive Economic Zone Great Lakes
  • Transmits DMAC-compliant data to data assembly
    centers routinely reliably
  • Remote sensing sea surface temperature only
  • In situ sensing Sparse network of sentinel
    reference stations

31
Example Programs Recommended for National Backbone
32
Programs Recommended for NB(continued)
33
Example of In Situ Elements of the NB with
Regional Enhancements
7
5
Regional Enhancements
8
NERA MACOORA
9
6
1
2
National Backbone
3
4
34
How Will It Be Specified Implemented?
  • Ocean.US Responsible for Design Specifications
    Development Plans
  • IOOS Implementation Conferences
  • Federal Agencies ? Regional Associations
  • IOOS Development Plans
  • Ocean.US ? Joint Subcommittee on Ocean Science
    and Technology (JSOST)
  • Federal Agencies RAs responsible for
    implementation

35
How Will It Be Funded?
Non-Federal Funding RCOOSs
Federal Funding RCOOSs
Federal Funding National Backbone
Federal Funding RA Administration
36
Phased development of the National Backbone
  • Stage 1 Identify Building Blocks (Today)
  • Initial National Backbone as recommended in 1st
    IOOS Development Plans
  • Stage 2 Integration (2006 2008)
  • Initial DMAC subsystem implemented
  • All elements of the IOOS becoming DMAC compliant.
  • Regional subregional elements incorporated into
    the NB based on user needs recommendations in
    IOOS Development Plans
  • Stage 3 Transition to a fully userdriven system
    (2008 )
  • Must be DMAC compliant support products
    services requiring data integration
  • Regional Coastal Ocean Observing Systems become
    integral part of the IOOS as a whole

37
Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing
System(GCOOS)
38
Building the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean
Observing System
39
Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System
(GCOOS)
U.S. EEZ
Source USGS http//walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/ga
zette/html/regions/gm.html
40
Strategic Values of GCOOS Region
  • 1999 population 46.7 million, increasing about
    5 annually
  • Tourist industry tens of thousands of jobs worth
    over 20 billion annually
  • Commercial fish and shellfish in 2000 1.8
    billion pounds produced with dockside value over
    990 million
  • Shrimp landings in the Gulf 80 of the nation's
    total
  • Gulf oyster production in poundage 60 of the
    national total
  • Gulf recreational fishing 30 of U.S. saltwater
    fishing expenditures
  • Gulf recreational fishing 23 of U.S. saltwater
    recreational jobs
  • U.S. petroleum reserves 38 are in the Gulf
  • U.S. natural gas reserves 48 are in the Gulf
  • U.S. offshore oil and gas production 93 is in
    the Gulf
  • Seven of the nation's top ten ports in terms of
    tonnage or cargo value are located in the Gulf of
    Mexico
  • Two of the top seven global ports are located in
    the Gulf

41
Environmental Challenges
  • Gulf is the major drainage basin for 33 of the 48
    contiguous states.
  • Gulf is stressed by pollution, nutrient loading,
    and other problems unique to its ecosystems.
  • Major ecosystem threats include harmful algal
    blooms, habitat loss, invasive species, and
    hypoxic (low oxygen) conditions.
  • Natural hazards such as hurricanes in summer and
    extratropical cyclones in winter threaten all
    strategic activities.

42
GCOOS Vision
We seek to establish a sustained observing system
for the Gulf of Mexico to provide observations
and products needed by users in this region for
the purposes of
  • Detecting and predicting climate variability and
    consequences,
  • Preserving and restoring healthy marine
    ecosystems,
  • Ensuring human health,
  • Managing resources,
  • Facilitating safe and efficient marine
    transportation,
  • Enhancing national security, and
  • Predicting and mitigating against coastal hazards.

43
Overview of Status of GCOOS Regional Association
  • Resolution Mission Statement in January 2003
  • Formal Memorandum of Agreement establishing
    Regional Association for governance signed in
    January 2005 currently 47 signatories
  • Member of the National Federation of Regional
    Associations
  • Operational structure complete as of April 2006
  • Web site operational

44
GCOOS Organizational Structure
45
http//www.gcoos.org
46
Integration ofExisting Capabilities in the Gulf
of Mexico
  • In situ observations
  • Satellite observations and products
  • Model products

47
Two Guiding Concepts
  • The Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing
    System is considered to be a "System of Systems"
    comprised of many sub-systems that may be
    supported by different entities for a variety of
    differing reasons.
  • The observations of these various sub-systems
    will be more useful to GCOOS goals if integrated
    to produce products needed by other stakeholders.

48
Gulf of Mexico observations
49
MMS NDBC buoy data
50
9of9_tabs_08262004b.gif
51
TCOON Network
http//tcoon.cbi.tamucc.edu/TCOON/HomePage
52
TCOON Station 031 Seadrift
28 24.4 N, 96 42.7 W San Antonio Bay, Texas
53
Houston/Galveston PORTSobservation locations
http//co-ops.nos.noaa.gov/images/hgports.gif
54
BAYWATCH - Louisiana State University Nan Walker
55
  • Currently 5 stations
  • Full suite meterological
  • 3 Hydrographic Values
  • Samples are taken every 10 seconds
  • Minute, hourly, and daily summaries are recorded
  • Data display is updated on the web every minute
  • Archive Data available

56
WAVCIS - Wave-Current Surge Information
System For Coastal Louisiana
http//csi.lsu.edu/
57
The University of Southern Mississippi
58
CODAR Coverage
Gulfport Station
Gulf Shores Station
Offshore Transmitting Station
The University of Southern Mississippi
59
Tampa Bay PORTSobservation locations
http//co-ops.nos.noaa.gov/images/tbports.gif
60
University of South Florida COMPS
http//comps.marine.usf.edu/index.html
61
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64
Satellite Products
65
Model Products
COAPS Winds and SSH simulations
66
GCOOS Development
  • Integration of existing subsystems
  • Identification of potential user requirements
  • Enhancements to meet user needs for observations
    and products (including data management)
  • Education and outreach

67
GCOOS DevelopmentIntegration of existing
sub-systems
  • We maintain an inventory of observing sub-systems
    with users, current and future costs, and plans.
  • Real-time physical data are quality controlled
    and openly distributed by the NOAA National Data
    Buoy Center (NDBC).
  • We are working to bring new (including
    non-physical) data sets into the NDBC system.
  • We are encouraging communication among
    sub-systems through our Observing Systems
    Committee.
  • Our Data Management and communication Committee
    is developing standards and protocols for use by
    all sub-systems.

68
GCOOS DevelopmentIdentification of Stakeholder
Requirements
  • We are working to
  • identify observations and products needed
  • by users
  • estimate economic benefits of these needs
  • prioritize these needs
  • plan and initiate pilot projects to enable
  • these needs to be met
  • Mechanisms used
  • Workshops Meetings
  • Development of Business Plan
  • Development of Observing System Plan

69
GCOOS Workshops Meetings Held (1)
Types Informational Sector Needs RA Structural
  • Integrated Data Systems for Oceanography, 31
    October-2 November 2000, Stennis Space Center, MS
  • NVODS Workshop for Managers of Coastal Observing
    Systems, 14-15 January 2003, Stennis Space
    Center, MS
  • Exploration of Private Sector Interests in IOOS
    Focus on GOM and Southeast U.S. 2-4 March 2004,
    Houston, TX
  • Harmful Algal Blooms GCOOS Role in Detection,
    Monitoring, and Prediction 13-15 April, 2004, St
    Petersburg, FL
  • Next Steps in the Gulf of Mexico Needed
    Underpinning Research 7-8 July 2004, College
    Station, TX

70
GCOOS Workshops Meetings Held (2)
Types Informational Sector Needs RA Structural
  • Formation meeting for a GCOOS Education and
    Outreach Council, 29-30 November 2004, Biloxi,
    MS
  • Initial GCOOS Stakeholder Meeting Development of
    a Governance Structure, 24-25 January 2005, New
    Orleans, LA
  • GCOOS and the Private Sector Oil and Gas and
    Related Industry, 2-4 November 2005, Houston, TX
  • First GCOOS Stakeholder Council Meeting, 10-11
    January 2006, Mobile, AL
  • First annual GCOOS Parties Meeting, 11 January
    2006, Mobile, AL
  • First annual meeting of GCOOS Education and
    Outreach Council, 24-25 April 2006, Ocean
    Springs, MS
  • First annual meetings of GCOOS Observing Systems
    Committee, DMAC Committee and Products and
    Services Committee, 26-27 April 2006, Ocean
    Springs, MS

71
  • Future Focused Stakeholder Workshops
  • FisheriesCommercial, recreational, and
    regulatory. Seeking assistance from the Gulf of
    Mexico Fishery Management Council, Gulf States
    Marine Fisheries Commission, and NOAA Southeast
    Fisheries Research Center, and state fishery
    agencies.
  • Emergency responders to storm surge and flooding.
    Joint sponsorship by NOAA Coastal Services
    Center, SECOORA, and GCOOS.
  • Maritime transportation elementsincluding tanker
    traffic, container ships, cruise ships, shipping
    agents, port authorities, pilots, LNG carriers,
    intercoastal waterway traffic, and commercial
    transportation of people.
  • Recreational boatingincluding marina operators,
    power squadrons, yacht clubs, marina operators,
    and retailers.
  • Urban planners/developers
  • Water qualityKey on Gulf of Mexico Alliance
    Plans and on results of U.S. IOOS Public Health
    Workshop held 23-25 January 2006.

72
GCOOS Business Plan
  • Draft Business Plan for the GCOOS-RA is posted to
    web for comments
  • Plan includes
  • Development strategy
  • Investment strategy
  • Near-term priorities for enhancements
  • Cost estimates
  • Estimates of economic benefits

73
Example Benefits of GCOOS
  • Economic analyses by sector
  • Rapid response to fill gaps in data delivery
  • Assessments of performance of GCOOS elements

74
Potential Benefits Economic
75
Potential BenefitsBack-up Sources in Emergency
  • Rapid response to provide data fields to NOAA
    HAZMAT for use in pollutant spill models after
    Hurricane Katrina had disabled the data modeling
    system at Stennis Space Center, MS
  • Delivery of NDBC data by other GCOOS elements
    after Katrina disabled the NDBC web site.

76
Potential Benefits Assessments of Performance
in Emergency
  • An initial assessment of the performance of the
    existing GCOOS elements was done following
    Hurricanes Katrina and Rita.
  • Data sets provided to many entities (local,
    state, federal govt., media, public, academics)
    before, during, and after Katrina for a myriad of
    uses.
  • Lessons learned made available in system
    summaries on web.
  • Replacement instruments and gear highly dependent
    on eccentricities of state and/or federal risk
    and emergency management funding rules.

77
http//www.gcoos.org
Thank You Please visit our web site for further
information.
  • If you wish to become a Party to the Regional
    Association, download the Memorandum of Agreement
    from the GCOOS web site, sign and fax to Worth
    Nowlin (979) 847-8879.
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