World

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World

• Energy Production and Sources of Alternative
  energy

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(No Transcript)
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Kyoto Protocol Annex 1 Instructions

• Countries were instructed to enhance their energy
  efficiency.
• Countries are instructed to increase research in
  fields such as alternative and renewable energy
  sources.
• Limitation and/or reduction of methane emissions
  through recovery and use in waste management, as
  well as in the production, transport and
  distribution of energy.

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Kyoto Protocol Annex 2 Instructions

• Annex 2 nations were given no specific
  instructions concerning the development of
  alternative methods of energy production or means
  to decrease emissions of GHGs .

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Global Interest in Energy Technologies

• Our interest in global energy production is meant
  to help us direct policy decisions that would
  best benefit the world in an effort to curb
  global GHG emissions.

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World Energy Sources
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World Fuel Shares
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Wind Power

• Wind Power is a growing method of alternative
  energy production in Europe.
• European Nations (Germany) are currently the
  greatest producers of wind power.
• Wind power is an advancing source of alternative
  energy production, but there are concerns.
• Wind power is less effective when there is no
  wind, so during peak hours it could not produce
  the required amount of energy to serve the
  population.

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Nuclear Power

• Nuclear power is power generated from sustained
  nuclear reactions. Nuclear power currently
  provides about 17 of the world's electricity and
  7 of global energy.
• Opponents of nuclear power argue against its use
  due to issues like the long term problems of
  storing radioactive waste, the potential for
  severe radioactive contamination by an accident,
  and the possibility that its use will lead to the
  proliferation of nuclear weapons.

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Petroleum Produced Energy

• Petroleum or Oil is one of the most common power
  sources.
• It drives most automobile motors and produces the
  greatest amount of GHGs.
• It is currently one of the cheapest means of
  energy production, but is likely to increase
  exponentially as the supply disappears within a
  fifty years to a century.

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Petroleum Costs
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Areas possessing Petroleum Exploration
Possibilities
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Solar Power Technology

• Solar energy is currently a growing alternative
  means of energy production in Canada and the
  European Union.
• Solar energy can be produced by either thermal or
  photovoltaic cells that capture the energy of the
  solar emitted energy.
• The greatest concerns that come with solar energy
  is the cost of implementation of such systems and
  the inconsistent performance of such systems
  during cloudy or overcast periods.

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Hydroelectric

• The plant uses a dam on a river to store water in
  a reservoir
• Some of the water is diverted through a pipe to
  and in a turbine which spins to produce
  electricity

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Hydroelectric cont.

• Positives
• Emits zero GHG
• Inexpensive to maintain

• Negatives
• Relocates wildlife
• Possible leakage of machinery fluids

http//www.williams.edu/Geoscience/greenenergy/gal
leries/hydroelectric/images/06595.jpg
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Geothermal

• Utilizes hot water energy sources from below the
  earths surface
• Dry stream flash stream, binary cycle
• Pressurized water from underground is diverted to
  power generators at the surface and pumped back
  into the underground reservoir.

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Geothermal cont.

• Positive
• Energy source remains relatively constant
  throughout the year

• Negative
• Sites are very specific and technology limited

http//www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/energy/geotherma
l/power_plant.gif
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Coal vs Clean Coal

• Very abundant easy to produce
• The most promising "clean coal" technology
  involves using the coal to make hydrogen from
  water, then burying the resultant carbon dioxide
  by-product and burning the hydrogen.
  (http//www.uic.com.au/nip83.htm)

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Sources

• International Energy Agency
• (http//www.iea.org/)
• Wikipedia
• (http//en.wikipedia.org)
• Green Energy(/www.williams.edu)