i. The Web Ontology Language, OWL ii. Future Direction

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i. The Web Ontology Language, OWLii. Future
Direction

• Prof. James Hendler
• University of Maryland
• Hendler_at_cs.umd.edu
• http//www.cs.umd.edu/hendler

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You are here
You Are Here
Semantic Web LayerCake (Berners-Lee,
99Swartz-Hendler, 2001)
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What the Web was meant to be

• "This is a pity, as in fact documents on the web
  describe real objects and imaginary concepts, and
  give particular relationships between them... For
  example, a document might describe a person. The
  title document to a house describes a house and
  also the ownership relation with a person. ...
  This means that machines, as well as people
  operating on the web of information, can do real
  things. For example, a program could search for a
  house and negotiate transfer of ownership of the
  house to a new owner. The land registry
  guarantees that the title actually represents
  reality.
• Tim Berners-Lee plenary presentation at WWW
  Geneva, 1994

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(No Transcript)
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Eventtitle
ltdamlObjectProperty rdfID"photograph"gt ltrdfsdo
main rdfresource"Picture"/gt ltrdfsrange
rdfresource person"/gt lt/damlObjectPropertygt
EventWebPage
lt gt rdftype photoPhotograph, PhotoFile
http///imagesimage1, Phototopic
event1eventspeaker.
Event1 a Eventevent date May 7-11,
speaker http//timbl.html Title WWW
2002 TimBL rdftype w3c-ontperson name
Tim Berners-Lee
ltsClass rdfabout"http//www.semanticweb.org/ont
ologies/swrc-onto-2000-09-10.damlConference"gt lts
commentgt describes a generic conceptabout events
lt/scommentgt ltssubClassOf
rdfresource"http//www.semanticweb.org/ontologie
s/swrc-onto-2000-09-10.damlEvent"/gt ltadisjointFr
om rdfresource"http//www.semanticweb.org/ontolo
gies/swrc-onto-2000-09-10.damlWorkshop"/gt ltarest
rictedBy rdfresource"http//www.semanticweb.org/
ontologies/swrc-onto-2000-09-10.damlgenid18"/gt
ltrdfDescription rdfabout"http//www.w3.org/200
1/03/earl/0.95Person"gt ltrdftype
rdfresource"http//www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema
Class"/gt ltrdfssubClassOf rdfresource"http//ww
w.w3.org/2001/03/earl/0.95Assertor"/gt lt/rdfDescr
iptiongt
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Semantic Web provides external models to merge
on
nme
CV
CV
work
vate
CV
educ
educ
SW languages add mappings And structure.
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A Usable Modeling language

• In science, models provide interoperability
  across jargons
• Mathematical models equations of a system
• Physical models sticks and balls of the atom
• Virtual models the visualization of a complex
  data set
• INFORMATION MODELS taxonomies and thesauris
• Ontologies extend thesaurus information models to
  provide
• Semantic restrictions on property relations
• Must have vs. May have vs. Doesnt have
• Has some vs. has N vs. has 1
• Some vs. All property restrictions
• Formal underpinnings
• Logical entailments
• Note rules, logics, proofs are parts of
  ontologies, but not yet at a consensus level
  for standardization
• Should build as add-ons to OWL to take advantage
  of terminology features

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W3C Web Ontology Working Group

• Web Ontology Working Group in the W3C Semantic
  Web Activity aimed at extending the semantic
  reach of current XML and RDF meta-data efforts.
  
• History
• DAMLOIL is submitted as a joint committee effort
  published as a W3C note .
• W3C WG Announcement in November 2001 -
  http//lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-logic/
  2001Nov/0000.html
• Weekly teleconferences started in November 2001
• First Face to Face Meeting - New Jersey (Lucent),
  Jan 02 2nd - Amsterdam April (W3C) 3rd - CA
  (Fujitsu/Stanford host) July 4th in Bristol UK
  (HP Host) Oct.
• First version Working Drafts now complete
• Requirements/Use cases
• 3 Technical Documents - July 2002 (Language
  renamed OWL)
• 3 using it Documents - November 2002

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Membership

• Current Working Group includes 55 members from
  over 30 organizations.
• Chairs
• J. Hendler, MIND Lab UMCP
• G. Schreiber, Univ. of Amsterdam
• Industry including
• Large companies - Daimler Chrysler, IBM, HP,
  Intel, EDS, Fujitsu, Lucent, Motorola, Nokia,
  Philips Electronics, Sun, Unisys
• Newer/smaller companies - IVIS Group, Network
  Inference, Stilo Technology, Unicorn Solutions
• Government and Not-For-Profits
• US Defense Information Systems Agency,
  Interoperability Technology Association for
  Information Processing, Japan (INTAP) ,
  Electricite De France, Mitre, NIST
• Universities and Research Centers
• University of Bristol, University of Maryland,
  University of Southamptom, Stanford University
• DFKI (German Research Center for Artificial
  Intelligence), Forschungszentrum Informatik,
  Ontoweb
• Invited Experts
• Well-known academics from non-W3C members (Hayes,
  Heflin, Stein, Borden)

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Use Cases for Ontologies

• Abstracted six categories of Use case from approx
  25 real-world applications/prototypes
• Web Portals
• Categorization rules enhance search
• Multimedia Collections
• Content-based searches for non-text media
• Corporate Web Site Management
• Taxonomical Organization of documents
• Mapping Between Corporate Sectors (mergers!)
• Design Documentation
• Explication of "derived" assemblies (e.g. wing
  spar)
• Explicit Management of Constraints
• Intelligent Agents
• User Preferences/User Interests
• Content Mapping
• Ubiquitous Computing
• Web Service Discovery and Composition
• Rights Management and Access Control
• Context-dependent content reformating

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OWL extends RDF
rdfsClass rdfID"Meeting"gt ltrdfssubClassOfgt
ltdamlRestrictiongt ltdamlonProperty
rdfresource"MeetingName"/gt ltdamltoClass
rdfresource"http//www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema
string"/gt ltdamlcardinalitygt1lt/damlcardinal
itygt lt/damlRestrictiongt lt/rdfssubClassOfgt
ltrdfssubClassOfgt ltdamlRestrictiongt
ltdamlonProperty rdfresource"uri"/gt
ltdamltoClass rdfresource"http//www.w3.org/2000
/10/XMLSchemauriReference"/gt
ltdamlmaxCardinalitygt1lt/damlmaxCardinalitygt
lt/damlRestrictiongt lt/rdfssubClassOfgt
ltrdfssubClassOfgt ltdamlRestrictiongt
ltdamlonProperty rdfresource"location"/gt
ltdamltoClass rdfresource"http//www.w3.org/2000
/10/XMLSchemastring"/gt
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OWL extends RDF

• RDF-schema
• Class, subclass
• Property, subproperty
• Restrictions
• Range, domain
• Local, global
• Existential
• Cardinality
• Combinators
• Union, Intersection
• Complement
• Symmetric, transitive
• Mapping
• Equivalence
• Inverse

rdfsClass rdfID"Meeting"gt ltrdfssubClassOfgt
ltdamlRestrictiongt ltdamlonProperty
rdfresource"MeetingName"/gt ltdamltoClass
rdfresource"http//www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema
string"/gt ltdamlcardinalitygt1lt/damlcardinal
itygt lt/damlRestrictiongt lt/rdfssubClassOfgt
ltrdfssubClassOfgt ltdamlRestrictiongt
ltdamlonProperty rdfresource"uri"/gt
ltdamltoClass rdfresource"http//www.w3.org/2000
/10/XMLSchemauriReference"/gt
ltdamlmaxCardinalitygt1lt/damlmaxCardinalitygt
lt/damlRestrictiongt lt/rdfssubClassOfgt
ltrdfssubClassOfgt ltdamlRestrictiongt
ltdamlonProperty rdfresource"location"/gt
ltdamltoClass rdfresource"http//www.w3.org/2000
/10/XMLSchemastring"/gt ltdamlcardinalitygt1lt
/damlcardinalitygt lt/damlRestrictiongt
ltrdfssubClassOfgt ltdamlRestrictiongt
ltdamlonProperty rdfresource"Issues" /gt
ltdamltoClass rdfresource"Issue" /gt
ltdamlminCardinalitygt0lt/damlminCardinalitygt
lt/damlRestrictiongt lt/rdfssubClassOfgt
lt/rdfsClassgt
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WOWG Documents

• Following Documents available
• Requirements for a Web Ontology Language (WD)
• Owl 1.0 Feature Description (WD)
• Owl 1.0 Reference Document (WD)
• Owl 1.0 Abstract Syntax Document (WD) (Not LC
  document)
• Owl 1.0 Semantics (Model Theory) (WD)
• Owl 1.0 Guide and Walkthru (WD)
• Owl 1.0 Test Suite (WD)
• Coming soon
• Non-normative appendices
• XML schema for OWL documents
• UML presentation syntax for OWL

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OWL is starting to move

• Based on DAMLOIL - the most used ontology
  language ever!!
• http//www.daml.org (6M statements on over 20,000
  web pages)
• Gaining acceptance by web players
• Semantic Web Track was offered at WWW 2002 again
  at WWW 2003
• Strong attendance at WWW2002 Developer Day on SW
• Significant (international) Govt Support
• US DARPA/NSF EU IST Framework 5,6
• Japan, Germany, Australia considering significant
  investments
• US National Cancer Institute to publish cancer
  vocabulary in DAMLOIL
• Much New Startup activity (even in this economic
  climate)
• Many tools being developed
• Starting to see tools for users, not just
  developers (but a long way to go)

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The Semantic Web Revolution
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Making Markup Easier
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Common Metaphor across tools
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Use that markup in query/portal interfaces
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Moving to the futureof the web
Semantic Web LayerCake (Berners-Lee,
99Swartz-Hendler, 2001)
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Know how to process whats on the web
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Off the desktop
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Or perhaps on different desktops
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Web travel agents
How many cows are there in Texas?

• Query processed 73 answers found
• Google document search finds 235,312 possible
  page hits.
• Http//www/CowTexas.html claims the answer is
  289,921,836
• A database entitled Texas Cattle Association
  can be queried for the answer, but you will need
  authorization as a state employee.
• A computer program that can compute that number
  is offered by the State of Texas Cattlemans
  Cooperative, click here to run program.
• ...
• The sex network can answer anything that
  troubles you, click here for relief...
• The UFO network claims the all cows in Texas
  have been replaced by aliens

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Use Semantics for Composition
Translate my symptoms fromFrench and find me a
pharmacythat has the necessary medicine(then
compute how to get thereand print the
directions)
Print the directions to a pharmacywhich has a
medicine that curesthe symptoms that I will tell
you (in French)
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For goal-based service composition
Buy the French version of a book from amazon.fr
and have it sent to Moms address
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Services need Web Logics
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Distributed trust relationships
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Distributed Trust
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Conclusion

• It is no longer a question of whether the
  semantic web will come into being, it is already
  here!
• Were already well past the starting gate
• Web ontologies, term languages, shims to DB and
  services, research in proofs/rules/trust
• Standardization providing a common denominator
  for KR researchers as well as web developers
• Small companies starting to form, Big companies
  starting to move
• The current environment is open, encouraging,
  moving fast, and really exciting
• Read our documents
• Use our tools
• We want to hear from you!

http//www.w3.org/2001/sw http//www.daml.org http
//www.semanticweb.org