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Survivable Mobile Wireless Networks: Issues, Challenges, and Research Directions

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Title: Survivable Mobile Wireless Networks: Issues, Challenges, and Research Directions


1
Survivable Mobile Wireless Networks Issues,
Challenges, and Research Directions
  • Regina Rosales Hain, Alden W.Jackson, David
    Levin, Ram Ramanathan, and John Zao BBN
    Technologies

WiSe02, Sept. 28, 2002, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Presented by Derek K.D. Jiang
2
Outline
  • Introduction
  • Definition of Survivability
  • Survivable connectivity
  • Survivable communication
  • Survivable technologies
  • Conclusion

3
Introduction
  • This paper is a survey of the issues, challenges,
    and proposed research direction in survivable
    mobile wireless network.
  • Survivability consists not only of robustness
    against natural faults or misconfigurations, but
    also failures induced by malicious adversaries.

4
Introduction
Definition of Survivability
Introduces and defines survivable networking and
its aspects.
Survivable Connectivity
Discusses establishing and maintaining network
connectivity.
Argues that we should expect a challenging mobile
wireless communication environment.
Survivable Communication
Survivable Technologies
Discusses adaptive networking
5
Definition of Survivability
  • Traditional security research
  • Primarily focused on the protection from attacks
    other than continued correct operation under
    attacks.
  • Faults are assumed to be independent and random.
  • Survivability research
  • The presence of intelligent adversarial attacks
    significantly challenge the conventional models.
  • Software and protocol vulnerability become more
    important considerations.

Definition of Survivability
Survivable Connectivity
Survivable Technologies
Survivable Communication
6
Definition of Survivability
  • The definition we use here is from Software
    Engineering Institute
  • 1. Survivability is the capability of a system to
    fulfill its mission in a timely manner, even in
    the presence of attacks or failures.
  • 2. The focus of survivability is on delivery of
    essential services and preservation of essential
    assets.
  • 3. Survivability depends on four key
    capabilities, the four Rs resistance,
    recognition, recovery, and refinement.

Definition of Survivability
Survivable Connectivity
Survivable Technologies
Survivable Communication
7
Military Network Survivability
  • Using wireless networking technologies to support
    military operations imposes survivability on
  • 1. Transmission Security (TRANSEC) - the
    protection at physical, medium access and data
    link layers from radio signal detection, jamming,
    control/user data acquisition, and eavesdropping.
  • 2. Communication Security (COMSEC) - the
    protection of data to achieve CIA,
    non-repudiation, anti-replay, traffic analysis
    countermeasures.

Definition of Survivability
Survivable Connectivity
Survivable Technologies
Survivable Communication
8
Military Network Survivability
  • Using wireless networking technologies to support
    military operations imposes survivability on
  • 3. Authorization and Access Control - the support
    of multi-level security measures by implementing
    identity or role based access control.
  • 4. Network Infrastructure Protection - the
    protection of network management infrastructure
    from both passive and active attacks, rogue AP,
    illegal access to message.
  • 5. Robustness and efficiency.

Definition of Survivability
Survivable Connectivity
Survivable Technologies
Survivable Communication
9
Cellular Network Survivability
  • Focused primarily on infrastructure survivability
    other than malicious attacks.
  • Vulnerability
  • Network upgrade, especially involving software.
  • Rapid evolution leads to learning-curve problem.
  • Single point of failure.
  • Poor management tool.

Definition of Survivability
Survivable Connectivity
Survivable Technologies
Survivable Communication
10
Low Probability of Detection
  • For most military ad hoc networks the ability to
    low probability of detection, interception, and
    exploitation (LPD/LPI/LPE) is of paramount
    importance.
  • Survivability is enhanced when the network is
    stealthy to potential adversaries.
  • The tradeoff of lower transmission power between
    adversaries and legitimate users.

Definition of Survivability
Survivable Connectivity
Survivable Technologies
Survivable Communication
11
Survivable topological connectivity
  • Reducing transmission power limits the range of
    inter-node links used for multi-hop routing and
    also increasing the probability of the network
    becoming partitioned.
  • How can we reduce power while maintaining desired
    connectivity?

Definition of Survivability
Survivable Connectivity
Survivable Technologies
Survivable Communication
12
Survivable topological connectivity
  • We must adaptively adjust transmit powers of
    nodes in response to mobility.
  • Research optimize certain power metrics while
    adhering to certain connectivity constrains.
  • Power metrics
  • minimize the maximum (or average) power used by
    the network.
  • Maximum power and average power.
  • Connectivity constrains
  • Tradeoff between robust connectivity and LPD.

Definition of Survivability
Survivable Connectivity
Survivable Technologies
Survivable Communication
13
Survivable communication
  • Some situations where the environment is so
    challenging that ideal connectivity is
    impossible.
  • Channel condition (noise or jamming)
  • High mobility
  • We should expect and exploit those conditions
  • Asymmetric links
  • Weak connectivity
  • Episodic connectivity

Definition of Survivability
Survivable Connectivity
Survivable Technologies
Survivable Communication
14
Asymmetric channel connectivity
  • Several ad hoc routing protocol expressly
    prohibit unidirectional routing based on the
    performance consideration.
  • In tactical network may require the use of
    asymmetric and unidirectional links
  • Secrete information in radio-silent mode.

Definition of Survivability
Survivable Connectivity
Survivable Technologies
Survivable Communication
15
Unstable end-to-end paths
  • The eventual stability model of ad hoc routing
    assumes that routing converges eventually after
    partitioning.

Under this model, a complete path to destination
must exist at a given time.
Definition of Survivability
Survivable Connectivity
Survivable Technologies
Survivable Communication
16
Unstable end-to-end paths
  • This model is used by on-demand routing as well
    as table-driven protocols.
  • Challenges to this model
  • Range limitations imposed by LPI/LPD concerns.
  • Intermittent and/or targeted jamming can disrupt
    routing converge.
  • High mobility is another aspect.
  • Ad hoc routing protocols can be categorized into
    three
  • Table-driven (Proactive), ex. CSGR, WRP
  • On-demand (Reactive), ex. DSR, ADOV
  • Hybrid, ex. ZRP

Definition of Survivability
Survivable Connectivity
Survivable Technologies
Survivable Communication
17
Unstable end-to-end paths
  • The eventual connectivity model relaxes the
    traditional assumptions so that communication can
    proceed along partial segments of paths between
    communicating nodes.
  • There is no need to require that a complete
    physical path between communicating processes
    exist.

Definition of Survivability
Survivable Connectivity
Survivable Technologies
Survivable Communication
18
Unstable end-to-end paths
  • Information progresses as far as possible, along
    whatever paths possible, until it reaches its
    destination.

Make use of the concept of store-and-forward, and
require modifying the typical forwarding behavior
of dropping packets.
Definition of Survivability
Survivable Connectivity
Survivable Technologies
Survivable Communication
19
Unstable end-to-end paths
  • This requires changes to current forwarding
    mechanisms.
  • The unavailable link should be marked in a new
    field in the forwarding table.
  • Requiring additional buffers at nodes to store
    packets and algorithms to determine which data is
    dropped when the buffers are full
  • Support multiple routing approaches at the same
    node to switch these two modes.

Definition of Survivability
Survivable Connectivity
Survivable Technologies
Survivable Communication
20
Nomadicity V.S. Mobility
  • Mobility
  • Tries to maintain active sessions.
  • Continuous access to preconfigured infrastructure
    is assumed.
  • Nomadicity
  • Assumes constant movement.
  • Anticipates disconnected operation as the norm.
  • Applications are expected to tolerate
    disconnection during movement.

Definition of Survivability
Survivable Connectivity
Survivable Technologies
Survivable Communication
21
Nomadicity V.S. Mobility
  • Addressing problem in both aspects
  • The address is assigned once and held as long as
    possible, or the node acquire a new address when
    moving to a different subnetwork.
  • Issue
  • When multiple addresses are available, the issue
    lies in whether we can seamlessly and securely
    migrate sessions when readdressing due to
    mobility.

Definition of Survivability
Survivable Connectivity
Survivable Technologies
Survivable Communication
22
Routing under high mobility
  • In the case where mobility is highly frequent, it
    is necessary to use knowledge of the location and
    trajectories of nodes to predict future location.
  • Trajectory routing uses trajectories to compute
    destination node locations.

Definition of Survivability
Survivable Connectivity
Survivable Technologies
Survivable Communication
23
Routing under high mobility
  • When the trajectory is not deterministic, the
    need for current location can be mitigated by
    multicast spraying of information into a region
    that the node can be expected with high
    probability.

Definition of Survivability
Survivable Connectivity
Survivable Technologies
Survivable Communication
24
Exploiting mobility to achieve connectivity
  • It is possible to exploit mobility to communicate
    by means of the two ways below.
  • Movement control can be used to exert control on
    other nodes into the range that a path toward the
    destination exists.
  • Mobile node can store-and-haul packets toward
    their destination by physically transporting the
    data.

Definition of Survivability
Survivable Connectivity
Survivable Technologies
Survivable Communication
25
Adaptive and agile networking
  • Some technology centric thrusts to adapt to
    dynamic environments and to achieve connectivity.
  • Topological versus Geographical routing
  • Geographical routing techniques have proposed for
    wireless and sensor networks.
  • No routing-table, no overhead to find or update
    routes
  • Position required, Determining position via
    external service, and internal search-process.
  • Static wired infrastructure tends to be better
    suited to topological approaches.
  • Survivable nodes must support both strategies.

Definition of Survivability
Survivable Connectivity
Survivable Technologies
Survivable Communication
26
Adaptive and agile networking
  • Adaptive nodes and networks can be achieved by
    active networking technology.
  • The application of the technology to mobile
    wireless networking allows
  • Dynamic selection of MAC and network layer
    parameters
  • The ability to dynamically provision and
    negotiate algorithms and select entire protocols
    based application requirement and the
    communication environment.

Definition of Survivability
Survivable Connectivity
Survivable Technologies
Survivable Communication
27
Adaptive and agile networking
  • Advantages of active networking
  • Eliminate the need to standardize the entire
    protocols and algorithms.
  • Need not hard-code them into nodes.
  • Only a framework for node discovery and protocol
    negotiation need to be pre-determined.

Definition of Survivability
Survivable Connectivity
Survivable Technologies
Survivable Communication
28
Conclusion
  • Significant progress has been made toward
    survivable network, however, further work needs
    to be done to understand the tradeoffs against
    stealth requirement (LPI/LPD/LPE).
  • Challenge channel condition should be regarded as
    a norm, similarly, mobility must be expected and
    exploited to enhance survivability.
  • Since it is impossible to predict the
    communication environment, it is critical that
    network nodes and protocols can adapt to the
    variation.

29
  • Thanks for your listening
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