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The Labour Market Integration of Immigrants Preliminary results from OECD country studies

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Title: The Labour Market Integration of Immigrants Preliminary results from OECD country studies


1
The Labour Market Integration of Immigrants -
Preliminary results from OECD country studies
  • European Population Day, Tours
  • 21 July 2005
  • Thomas Liebig
  • Non-Member Economies and International Migration
    Division
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
    Development

2
Labour market integration Some key points
  • Over time, as immigrants pick up language, work
    practices, etc. of the host country, they should
    show labour market outcomes similar to those of
    comparable natives
  • Employment rate as the key labour market
    integration indicator
  • Clear need to distinguish between worker and
    family migration
  • Decline in migrants outcomes relative to those
    of natives in many European OECD countries since
    the early 1990s
  • Second generation
  • growing presence in the labour market
  • expectance of outcomes that are at least similar
    to those of natives with the same socio-economic
    background
  • benchmark for labour market integration

3
Percentage differences in employment rates of
immigrants and natives, by years of
residence, men, 20041
1 Except for Canada (2002)
4
Percentage differences in employment rates of
immigrants and natives, by years of residence,
women, 20041
1 Except for Canada (2002)
5
General observations
  • Outcomes vary greatly among OECD countries
  • Different outcomes for different types of
    migration (labour, family, humanitarian)
  • Migration regimes matter, in particular
    qualification structure of the migrant intake
  • Evidence suggests problems of entry into labour
    market, but good wage progression once employed
  • Importance of economic situation
  • new arrivals particularly affected by economic
    crisis
  • high sensitivity of immigrants employment rates
    with respect to economic situation

6
Employment-population ratios of native and
foreign-born in Sweden, 1987-2003
7
Employment-population ratios of natives and
various immigrant groups in Germany, 1991-2004
8
Outcomes of the second generationDifference
in the PISA (2003) mathematics scores of natives
and the second generation, children aged 15 years
9
What works?
  • Early work experience crucial
  • Link language acquisition with work experience
  • Temporary employment helps to overcome
    information asymmetries
  • Coaching and network-building seems to be a
    promising venue, but little sound empirical data
  • Early and frequent contact with host country
    language crucial for educational outcomes of the
    second generation, which, in turn, determines
    later labour market success
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