Esther Johnson and Julia Beasy

1

• Esther Johnson and Julia Beasy
• Project report
• STS390, Media, war and peace
• Spring session, 2008
• Science, Technology Society
• University of Wollongong
• The report has two parts.
• 1. A response pack for an actual organisation.
  This is not an official document and does not
  necessarily represent the views of the
  organisation.
• Esther Johnson and Julia Beasys jointly produced
  response pack for the Salvation Army starts on
  the next slide. It can be accompanied by a sound
  track, available as a separate file.
• 2. A dialogue between two students discussing the
  project. This dialogue is fictional. Pseudonyms
  were used so that the marker, Brian Martin, would
  not know the identity of student authors.
• Esther Johnson and Julia Beasy wrote individual
  dialogues. These are available as separate files.

2
Human Trafficking and The Salvation Army
3
What is Human Trafficking?

• Human Trafficking is the transportation of
  persons by means of threat or use of force for
  the purpose of exploitation.1

4
Human Trafficking is a Modern Form of Slavery

• This includes
• Sexual servitude
• Domestic labour
• Sweatshop and agricultural labour2,3

5
A Scary Situation

• The risk of sexual assault is heightened in all
  forms of trafficking because the victim is
  vulnerable and isolated whilst the perpetrator is
  in a position of control.4

6
How does it happen?

• Organisations approach potential victims with
  offers of employment, modelling contracts and
  marriages.5
• These appeal to victims because they promise a
  better life than to what they are experiencing.6,
  7

7
Who does it affect?

• The US Department of State estimates
• Approximately 50 of victims are children8
• 70 to 80 are female9, 10

8
Who are most vulnerable?

• Women living in poverty
• Orphans
• Young children11, 12

9
Case Study Layla

• At the age of 11, Layla was smuggled out of
  Africa into the United States in 1988.13
• She was forced to raise the two children of her
  captor as well as doing household chores without
  pay.13
• During this time she was repeatedly raped.13,14

10
Laylas Story contd

• Her captor was arrested and pled guilty to rape
  charge in 1992.15
• The captors colleagues raised funds to assist
  his court case. 15
• With no family or friends, Layla had no support
  and no money was raised for her. 15, 16,17

11
History of Legislation

• In 1807 the slave trade was officially abolished
  in Britain.18
• But it wasnt until 1948 that the UN explicitly
  banned slavery, which includes human trafficking,
  through the Declaration of Human Rights. 18

12
History of Legislation

• In 2000 the UN adopted the Convention against
  Transnational Organized Crime. 19
• This included two protocols regarding trafficking
  persons and the smuggling of migrants.20, 21

13
Legislation In Australia

• On 13 October 2003, the Federal Government
  introduced three particular codes for the
  Australian Federal Police to investigate and help
  victims of human trafficking. These codes
  address
• Slavery
• Sexual Servitude and Deceptive Recruiting
• Trafficking in Persons and Debt Bondage22, 23

14

• But Legislation does not solve everything

15
Human Trafficking as a Global Issue

• Over 2 million people are trafficked per year.24
• Currently an estimated 27 million people
  worldwide are in forced labour, debt-bondage and
  servitude. 25, 26

16
A Criminal and Money Making Business

• Human Trafficking is a worldwide criminal
  business of 10 billion per year.27, 28
•  

17
Where do the victims go?

• Some of the leading countries that are recipients
  of human trafficking are
• Italy
• The United States
• Germany
• The Netherlands 29

18

• But Human Trafficking does not just occur in
  Overseas Countries.
• Its happening right here

19
Human Trafficking in Australia

• It is estimated that up to 100 people are
  trafficked into Australia each year.30, 31

20
Human Trafficking in Australia

• In 1995 The Australian Federal Police estimated
  that there are up to 500 trafficked women in debt
  bonded prostitution in Sydney at any one time.32

21
Victims come to Australia from

• Poor Asian countries
• Eastern Europe
• India33, 34

22
Why individuals are trafficked to Australia

• The demand for trafficked women in Australia is
  fuelled by
• A lack of women in Australia prepared to do
  prostitution
• Customer' demand for women seen as compliant
• Customer' demand for women who they can be
  violent towards35

23
So why should you care?
24
Social Injustice

• Social injustice causes harm to powerless
  individuals because of their negative group
  identity.36

25
Social Justice

• Social justice is the distribution of benefits
  such as wages, legal rights, housing and
  medicine.37
• It is the protection of human rights. 37

26
We Are All Equal

• Every human being, irrespective of nationality,
  is equally entitled to dignity and worth.38
• Human rights ensures that every human being
  receives this dignity and this worth. 38
• Human Trafficking strips individuals from the
  dignity and worth they are entitled to as human
  beings. 38

27
The United Nations

• The United Nations believe that it is important
  to protect human rights by the rule of law in an
  attempt to bring equality across the race of
  human beings.39

28
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

• Article 4
• No one shall be held in slavery or servitude
  slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited
  in all their forms.40

29
Human Trafficking Breaks Article 4

• Laylas experience was one of slavery and
  servitude underneath her captor.41

30
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

• Article 5
• No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel,
  inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. 42

31
Human Trafficking Breaks Article 5

• Laylas experience involved her being repeatedly
  raped by her captor.43, 44

32
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

• Article 23.1
• Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of
  employment, to just and favourable conditions of
  work and to protection against unemployment. 45

33
Human Trafficking Breaks Article 23.1

• Layla was forced to work in conditions she did
  not consent to at the age of eleven.46
• Layla was forced to work without pay.46
• Women are denied the right to refuse any
  customers or any sexual act.47

34
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

• Article 24
• Everyone has the right to rest and leisure,
  including reasonable limitation of working hours
  and periodic holidays with pay.48

35
Human Trafficking Breaks Article 24

• Layla was forced to work around the clock and
  without holidays.49, 50

36

• Now you understand the problem, I bet youre
  wondering what is being done.

37
What is The Salvation Army doing about human
trafficking?

• The Samaritan Accommodation victim rehabilitation
  houses
• Stop The Traffik campaigns

38
The Samaritan Accommodation

• The Samaritan Accommodation assists women who
  have been victims of Human Trafficking, slavery
  and/ or slavery-like practices.50

39
Samaritan Accommodation Services

• Samaritan Accommodation provides apartments and
  support for women aged 18 for up to 12 months.51
• The service is staffed 24 hours, 7 days a week to
  help residents with their needs.51, 52

40
Stop The Traffik

• The Salvation Army joined with World Vision to
  launch an awareness campaign known as Stop The
  Traffik.53
• Stop The Traffik educates, advocates and
  fundraises.53

41
Education

• Educate Create awareness and understanding of
  the issue of human trafficking
• Stop The Traffik awareness packs
• Various events and conferences54, 55

42
Advocacy

• Advocate Appeal to the powerful eg. the
  government and the police.
• A petition was signed by over 1.5 million people
  and presented to the United Nations to
• PREVENT THE SALE OF PEOPLE
• PROTECT THE VICTIMS
• PROSECUTE THE TRAFFICKERS 56

43
Fundraising

• Fundraise Financing anti-trafficking work
• Selling of Merchandise
• T-Shirts
• Wristbands
• Keyrings57, 58

44
A Salvation Army rescue case

• Mary, a 19-year old female from Mexico was a
  victim of human trafficking.59
• She was forced to work without pay and repeatedly
  verbally and sexually abused.59
• The Salvation Army have helped her by providing
  shelter, counselling, clothing, food and legal
  advocacy services. 59, 60

45
Do you remember Layla?

• Layla was alone in America without any financial
  or moral support.61
• Mary, however, was not alone because she had the
  support of The Salvation Army for her recovery.62

46
The Salvation Army

• The Salvation Army are proactive in providing
  assistance to victims and working with
  authorities to prevent further instances of Human
  Trafficking.

47

• What still needs to be done?

48
How can you, as a member of the church, help?

• Create awareness
• Financially
• Be active
• Pray

49
Create Awareness and Be Educated

• Become informed about Human Trafficking
• Get involved in campaigns
• Discuss what you learn with others
• Visit these websites for information
• Stop Human Traffic http//www.stophumantraffic.com
  
• Stop The Traffik
• http//www.stopthetraffik.org

50
Financial Assistance

• Buy merchandise and/or donate to the Stop The
  Traffik campaign http//www.stopthetraffik.org/get
  involved/donate.aspx 63

51
Be Active

• Organise a fundraiser and then donate the money
• Send to Stop The Traffik
• http//www.stopthetraffik.org/getinvolved/donate.a
  spx
• Or, send to The Salvation Army Communication and
  Public Relations Department specifying it for
  anti-human trafficking purposes
• www.salvos.org.au64

52
Be Active

• Assist the Australian Federal Police in combating
  this global problem. Visit http//www.afp.gov.au/
  international/human_trafficking.html 65, 66

53
Pray

• Pray for people who are at risk of being
  trafficked
• Pray for sexually trafficked persons
• Pray for traffickers
• Pray for people fighting sexual trafficking 67

54
For Further Information Please Contact The
Salvation Army Services

• The Samaritan House
• Telephone [phone]
• Stop The Traffik
• Website http//www.stopthetraffik.org/
• The Salvation Army Communications and Public
  Relations Department for donations
• www.salvos.org.au

55
References

• Africans in America, Inc, Case Study 2 -
  Continental African female, accessed 1 October
  2008, http//www.aiainc.org/a/p/case/case0002.html
  
• Australian Federal Police 2008, Stopping Human
  Trafficking, accessed 15 October 2008,
  http//www.afp.gov.au/international/human_traffick
  ing.html,
• Fergus, Lara 2005, Trafficking in women for
  sexual exploitation, Australian centre for the
  study of sexual assault, n5, pp1-44.
• Hodge, David R 2007, Social justice and people
  of faith A transnational perspective, Social
  Work, v52, n2, pp139-148.
• Hodge, David R 2008 Sexual Trafficking in the
  United States A domestic problem with
  transnational dimensions, Social Work, v53, n2
  pp143-154.
• Humantrafficking.org, accessed 14 October 2008,
  http//www.humantrafficking.org
• Miller, David 1976, Social Justice, Oxford
  University Press, London.

56
References contd

• Simon, Thomas W 1995, Democracy and Social
  Injustice Law, Politics, and Philosophy, Rowman
  and Littlefield Publishers Inc, London.
• Stop The Traffik, 2006, accessed 8 October 2008,
  http//www.stopthetraffik.org/about/who/
• The Salvation Army, Samaritan Accommodation,
  accessed 22 October 2008, http//www.antislavery.o
  rg.au/pdf/sa_brochure.pdf
• The Salvation Army, 2007, Stop The Traffik,
  accessed 1 October 2008, http//www.salvationarmy.
  org.au/SALV/STANDARD/PC_61644.html
• The Salvation Army, Stop Human Trafficking,
  accessed 8 October, http//www.stophumantraffic.co
  m
• United Nations Department of Public Information.
  http//www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/eng.htm. Accessed
  October 14 2008.
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2008,
  The United Nations Convention against
  Transnational Organized Crime and its Protocols
  accessed 14 October 2008, http//www.unodc.org/uno
  dc/en/treaties/CTOC/index.html

57
References for Images

• http//www.advance.org/en/cev/502
• http//www.australiaadventures.com/australia_map.h
  tm
• http//www.csu.edu.au/about/maps/nswmap.html
• http//emptyfield.com/blog/2007/11/human-trafficki
  ng-images-of.html
• http//exquwchs.googlepages.com/fundraisers
• http//heavenawaits.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/pr
  ayer1.jpg
• http//www.hrea.org/erc/Library/First_Steps/index_
  eng.html
• http//www.istockphoto.com/file_closeup/object/376
  4960_australian_money.php?id3764960

58
References for Images contd

• http//jurmo.us/2007/02/20/education-2dot0/
• http//osocio.org/message/top_jobs_abroad/
• www.sflifeandjustice.org/human20trafficking.html
• http//solair.eunet.yu/pokret/movement.html
• http//www.tradethemovie.com/images/trade_23.jpg
• http//traffickingproject.blogspot.com/2007/11/sco
  tland-provides-support-to.html
• http//www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/drip.html
• http//www.workingholidaycentre.com/working_holida
  y_centre_tax_refunds.html
• http//www.worldmapsonline.com/classroommaps/start
  er_maps.htm