WHOMEDITERRANEAN ZOONOSES CONTROL PROGRAMME NATIONAL TRAINING COURSE ON INTERSECTORAL BRUCELLOSIS SU - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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WHOMEDITERRANEAN ZOONOSES CONTROL PROGRAMME NATIONAL TRAINING COURSE ON INTERSECTORAL BRUCELLOSIS SU

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The worldwide decrease of financial resources available for health ... Specialists as statisticians and epidemiologists. Use friendly software and programs ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: WHOMEDITERRANEAN ZOONOSES CONTROL PROGRAMME NATIONAL TRAINING COURSE ON INTERSECTORAL BRUCELLOSIS SU


1

General Concepts of Surveillance
Cairo, Egypt, 18 May 2004
Dr. John J. Jabbour, EpidemiologistSurveillance
Officer, STBWHO, EMRO
2
Topics to be discussed
  • Definition of surveillance
  • Purpose
  • Steps of surveillance
  • TB surveillance
  • Analysis of TB data

3
CONTEXT
  • The worldwide decrease of financial resources
    available for health services has induced
    considerable changes in the management of health
    systems and programs.

4
THEN
  • Optimize resources based on precise planning and
    evaluation.
  • Establish detailed and precise quantitative
    information system.
  • Implement an effective surveillance system in
    collaboration between all the sectors involved.

5
Epidemiological Surveillance
  • The use of epidemiology to single out, plan,
    manage, and evaluate the important services for
    the health status of a population (Prevention,
    control and treatment).

6
Definition
  • Surveillance system is an ongoing and systematic
    collection, compilation, analysis and
    interpretation of data with prompt dissemination
    to those who need to know for relevant action to
    be taken.
  • IT IS THE COLLECTION OF DATA FOR ACTION.

7
Main Purpose of a Surveillance System
  • To determine the need for immediate or longer
    range actions and,
  • To provide information to optimize the use of
    resources/logistics available through
  • data analysis.
  • identification of priorities.
  • design of alternative actions
  • Determination of their likely costs and benefits

8
  • Epidemiological surveillance, therefore, in its
    modern sense is not only passive disease
    reporting, but comprehensive disease monitoring
    with the objectives of ascertaining
  • The existence,
  • The spatial and temporal distributions and,
  • The frequency.

9
Surveillance Doesnt Exist Per Se
  • It is designed according to
  • Specific health problems,
  • Goals to be pursued, and
  • Activities to be implemented in response to
    certain health conditions in the population of
    interest.

10
In Terms of Tuberculosis
  • Strategies are focused on
  • control of the disease through the proper
    application of DOTS.

11
Steps in Surveillance System
12
Tools of Surveillance
  • Reporting system
  • Routine or passive (Quarterly Fax)
  • Active (Seroprevalence surveys)
  • Sentinel (selection of sites, duration and
    frequency of reporting)
  • Case/outbreak investigation
  • Studies or surveys

13
In Planning for Surveillance
  • TB Case-definition suspects, confirmed
  • Institutions involved in the system local,
    regional and central public health services,
    laboratories, data management and epidemiological
    centers.
  • Facilities used by the system physical resources
    such as vehicles, computers, archives and others.

14
Collect Data
  • Recording and reporting tool
  • Structured and simple
  • Completeness and timeliness (punctuality)
  • Allocate resources for data collection
  • Financial Transportation
  • Human
  • Passive or active reporting
  • Clear and detailed flowchart of information

15
Analyze Data
  • Specialists as statisticians and epidemiologists
  • Use friendly software and programs
  • National and sub-national analysis
  • Detailed reports for decision makers
  • Feedback reports for reporting sites and all
    related parties in the system technical reports,
    periodic reports of health status and activities
    performed, newsletter, bulletins, etc.

16
Reporting Automation Allows To
  • Satisfy the needs for rapid and periodic
    transmission.
  • Increase the capability of information diffusion
    and exchange (e.g. by INTERNET).
  • Exchange large number of information at very low
    costs.

17
Surveillance Output
  • Allow decision makers to decide if a disease is a
    major problem.
  • Allow decision makers to determine the dynamic of
    disease/infection occurrence and the relative
    efficiency and efficacy of resources used for
    their control.
  • Give the decision makers an early warning on new
    events that are potential problems.

18
Take Action
  • Prompt actions
  • Actions are implemented at the area of the
    outbreak.
  • Creation of multidisciplinary team for
    investigation and intervention.
  • Collaboration of all concerned national
    authorities in the intervention activities.

19
Surveillance of TB
  • Surveillance data is usually collected at the
    health facility or community level and aggregated
    up through the administrative units to arrive at
    national or sub-national estimates.

20
Data Collection Instruments
  • Two forms
  • EMR Quarterly DOTS Fax
  • Annual TB Data Collection Form

21
Strengthening Surveillance
  • Nominal reporting
  • District reporting

22
of Population Covered by DOTS, EMR 2003
23
CDR in EMR Countries 2003
24
Sputum Conversion, EMR 2002
25
Treatment Outcome, EMR 2002
26
TSR 02 vs. CDR 03 in EMR Countries
27
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