Bacteria

1
Bacteria Characteristics
2
Cell Structure

• Prokaryote no nucleus
• Chromosome plasmids float freely in cytoplasm
• Ribosomes create proteins
• Flagella used in movement
• Pili act as anchors
• Capsule outer coating
• Endospore cocoon to protect DNA in harsh times

3
Bacterial Shapes

• Many bacteria grow in colonies
• 3 Basic Shapes

• 1) Bacilli Rod
• 2) Coccus Spherical
• 3) Spirillum Spiral

4
Bacteria Reproduction
Click pic

• Binary Fission asexual reproduction where one
  cell splits into two cells
• Both cells have identical sets of DNA
• Less genetic diversity

• Conjugation process where DNA is exchanged
• Cells connect by pili
• DNA exchanged
• Creates genetic diversity

5
Nutrition

• Heterotrophs feed on matter produced by others
• Saprophytes feed on dead matter
• Parasites live on/in others
• Break down dead matter
• Essential to healthy ecosystems

6
Respiration
The bacteria that causes TB lives in your
lungswhich type is it?

• Obligate Anaerobic cannot live in oxygen
• Facultative aerobic can live with or without
  oxygen
• Obligate Aerobic must live in oxygen

7
2 Bacterial Kingdoms
Salt, heat, acid loving bacteria
8
Archaea

• Live in extreme environments
• 1) Methanogens
• Anaerobic
• Produce methane gas as a waste product
• Habitat Swamps, sewage, digestive tract

9
Archaea

• 2) Thermophiles
• Heat and acid loving bacteria
• Habitat Deep sea vents, volcanoes, hot springs
  (230F)

10
Archaea

• 3) Halophiles
• Thrive in areas of high salt concentration
• Salt normally dehydrates organisms
• Use salt to make energy

11
Eubacteria (Modern Bacteria)

• Common to most environments on Earth
• Identified by Gram Stain test
• Gram negative stains pink (harder to treat
  because of thick capsule)
• Gram positive stains purple (easier to treat)
• Treatments differ depending upon results

12
Gram Stain Overview
13
Eubacteria (Modern bacteria)

• Cyanobacteria autotrophic bacteria
• Create oxygen for life on earth
• Created Earths ozone layer to block ultraviolet
  radiation (UV) from the sun
• Oxygen (O2) is recombined into ozone (O3) in the
  stratosphere
• Allows life to evolve on land

14
Helpful Monerans

• In nature, bacteria return nutrients to the soil
• Saprophytes organisms that feed on dead material
• Bacteria have been engineered for human uses
• Food cheese, bread, yogurt, cabbage, sauerkraut
• Medicine antibiotics
• Industry insecticides, fuel, environmental
  cleanup

15
Brush, Floss, Rinse Your Teeth!
GINGIVITIS
HEALTHY
MODERATE PERIODONTITIS
ADVANCED PERIODONTITIS
16
Strong Survive
Most bacteria killed
Resistant Bacteria Only
Strong Reproduce
17
Name this bacteria shape!
Cocci
18
Name this bacteria shape!
Bacillus
19
Name these cell parts!
Pili
20
Name the process shown in this animation.
Fission