Phonetics of Mono Lake Northern Paiute medial stops - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Phonetics of Mono Lake Northern Paiute medial stops

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Chemehuevi. Panamint. Shoshone. Kawaiisu. Ute. Comanche. Western Numic. Research. Interest: Mono Lake Northen Paiute (MLNP)Three-way contrast in medial obstruents ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Phonetics of Mono Lake Northern Paiute medial stops


1
Phonetics of Mono Lake Northern Paiute medial
stops
  • Reiko Kataoka
  • SSILA annual meeting
  • January 5, 2007

2
Introduction Language Area
Western Numic
NorthernPaiute
Shoshone

Ute
Mono
Southern Paiute
Panamint
Kawaiisu
Chemehuevi
Comanche
adapted from Early Indian tribes, Cultures and
Linguistic Stocks-Western U.S. U of Texas
(http//www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/united_states/earl
y_indian_west.jpg)
3
Research
  • Interest Mono Lake Northen Paiute
    (MLNP)Three-way contrast in medial obstruents
  • (fortis, voiced fortis, lenis)
  • Problem Existence of the three-way contrast has
    been long recognized however, phonetic
    properties of each sound are not well understood.
  • Goal Identify acoustic properties that make
    fortis, voiced fortis, and lenis as distinctive
    type of sound.

4
Background MLNP consonant Inventory (UCB Field
Methods Class Fall 2005-Spring 2006)
  • Bilabial Alveolar Velar
    L-velar Glottal
  • Stop p/bb/b t/dd/d k/gg/g
    kw/ggw/gw
  • Fricative s/z h
  • Affricate ts/ddz/dz
  • Nasal mm / m nn / n
  • Glide y w

5
Background MLNP consonant Inventory (UCB Field
Methods Class Fall 2005-Spring 2006)
  • Bilabial Alveolar Velar
    L-velar Glottal
  • Stop p/bb/b t/dd/d k/gg/g
    kw/ggw/gw
  • Fricative s/z h
  • Affricate ts/ddz/dz
  • Nasal mm / m nn / n
  • Glide y w

6
Background MLNP consonant Inventory (UCB Field
Methods Class Fall 2005-Spring 2006)
  • Bilabial Alveolar Velar
    L-velar Glottal
  • Stop p/bb/b t/dd/d k/gg/g
    kw/ggw/gw
  • Fricative s/z h
  • Affricate ts/ddz/dz
  • Nasal mm / m nn / n
  • Glide y w

7
Background MLNP consonant Inventory (UCB Field
Methods Class Fall 2005-Spring 2006)
  • Bilabial Alveolar Velar
    L-velar Glottal
  • Stop p/bb/b t/dd/d k/gg/g
    kw/ggw/gw
  • Fricative s/z h
  • Affricate ts/ddz/dz
  • Nasal mm / m nn / n
  • Glide y w

8
Language Material and Data
  • Description Audio in Berkeley Language Center
    (BLC)
  • BLC ID LA114
  • Collector Margaret Wheat
  • Depositor Sidney MacDonald Lamb
  • Year 1950-52
  • Speaker AS (75) born in Mill City, lived in
    the Stillwater and Fallen area
  • Token used mono-morphemic noun, 2 or 3
    syllables-long, clear signal
    throughout (179 tokens)
  • For Statistics 2-syllable words CVVCV, CVCCV,
    or CVCV form medial stop/affricate
  • (87 tokens)

9
Segmentation (V, H, C, VOT, V)
t a
kk a

Fortis -VCV
V H C
VOT V
aa
? a

Lenis-VCV
(Hz)
5000
0
V C
V
750 ms
10
Examples
  • Lenis Fortis V-fortis
  • paabi paabi opo oppo t?bba t?bba
    brother kettle
    mouth
  • aad? aa?? puta putta
    t?h?ddat?h???a bow arm
    deer
  • aaga aa?a taka takka k?gg? k?gg?
    crow arrowhead leg

11
Auditory impressionsLiljeblad (1950, 1966),
Nichols (1974), Thornes (2003)
  • Often mentioned parameters
  • Duration fortis gt lenis
  • Voicing fortis - voiceless lenis - voiced
  • Manner lenis - continuant fortis - stop
  • Canonical fortis long voiceless stop
  • Canonical lenis short voiced continuant
  • But great deal of free variation
  • Characteristics accompanying fortis
  • Preaspiration Preglottalization
  • Abrupt vowel-stop transition

12
Instrumental Studies
  • Waterman 1911 (physiological data)
  • Fortis has twice longer closure duration than
    lenis
  • NP lenis does not have pre-voicing
  • Vowels have final aspiration before fortis
  • Babel 2006 (acoustic data)
  • Closure duration fortis gt voiced fortis gt lenis

13
Acoustic evidence 1 consonantal duration
Fortis
takka
V-fortis
paggwi
Lenis
to?aa
14
Acoustic evidence 2 manner and VOT
clear burst
abrupt transition
Fortis
takka arrowhead
weak burst
V-fortis
paggwi fish
voiceless period
smooth transition
Lenis
to?aa crow
no stop burst
15
Consonantal duration (N 87)
ANOVA F (2, 84) 147.29, P lt 0.001
Scheffe Fortis vs. V-fortis vs. Lenis
Converges to Waterman 1911 Babel 2006
243 ms
Fortis n21
VOT2
C2
h1
197 ms
V-fortis n9
Lenis n57
79 ms
16
Manner and Voice Type and its frequency (n87)
17
With or without extra laryngeal involvement
V C
Lenis to?aa crow
no laryngeal involvement
V C
Fortis takka arrowhead
aspiration
V C
V-fortis t?h???a deer
glottalization
18
Frequency of laryngeal involvement
19
Voice quality from the last 30ms of V1
t a
kk a

Fortis -VCV
30 ms
V1 h1 C2
VOT2 V2
aa
? a

Lenis-VCV
30 ms
V1 C2
V2
20
Vowel spectra
Schematic Representation of Expected pattern
Relative Amplitude (dB)
Relative Amplitude (dB)
A1
glottalized
H2
modal
H1
breathy
F1
F2
F3
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
21
Relative amplitude at H1, H2, A1 (N25)
ANOVA H1-H2 F1.35 (2, 22) p0.27 H1-A1 F3.84
(2, 22) plt0.05 Scheffe fortis vs. lenis
v-fortis
23.26
19.75
n13
n 5
11.16
n 7
11.13
9.24
6.67
F1
H2
H1
Point at frequency domain
22
Summary
  • Consonantal duration
  • fortis, voiced fortis gt lenis
  • Consonantal period h/? C
  • Lenis smooth VC transition
  • Fortis Preaspiration
  • Voiced fortis Preglottalization(?)
  • VOT fortis gt voiced fortis

23
Implication 1 on the typology of fortis/lenis
contrast
  • Ladefoged Maddieson (1997)
  • Fortis increased respiratory or articulatory
    effort in the production of the segment (Lenis
    opposite)
  • Articulatory effort in MLNP fortis use of
    laryngeal involvement at VC juncture
  • Locus of force exertion
  • Korean CV, no word-final F/L contrast
  • MLNP VC, no word-initial F/L contrast

24
Implication 2 on the typology of stop
  • Rarity of long voiced stop due to Aerodynamic
    Voicing Constraints Ohala (1983)
  • Extra articulatory effort is required to maintain
    vocal fold vibration throughout the oral closure.
  • Phonological long voiced stop ? phonetic
    voiceless unaspirated stop (e.g. MLNP voiced
    fortis)
  • Subtle difference in VOT between fortis and
    voiced fortis
  • Merger to fortis in other NP dialects

25
Implication 3 source of voiced fortis in MLNP
  • Possible scenario
  • V?C gt voiced fortis
  • Supporting evidence
  • Fortis sonorant freely varies with ? C
  • e.g. kwinna kwi?na eagle
  • mommogoni mo?mogoni women

26
Acknowledgement
  • UC Berkeley Field Methods Class
  • Andrew Garrett, Molly Babel, Erin Haynes, Michael
    Houser, Fanny Liu, Nicole Marcus, Ruth Rouvier,
    Maziar Toosarvandani
  • Group of American Indian Languages (GAIL)
  • Leanne Hinton, Donna Fenton, and audience members
  • Friends of Uto-Aztecan
  • Tim Thornes, Christopher Loether
  • John Ohala, Ian Maddieson

27
  • Thank You!
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