Pruning and Training Small Trees and Shrubs Dr' Laura G' Jull Dept' of Horticulture University of Wi - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Pruning and Training Small Trees and Shrubs Dr' Laura G' Jull Dept' of Horticulture University of Wi

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Title: Pruning and Training Small Trees and Shrubs Dr' Laura G' Jull Dept' of Horticulture University of Wi


1
Pruning and Training Small Trees and
ShrubsDr. Laura G. JullDept. of
HorticultureUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison
2
Plant Selection
  • One of the most important decisions
  • Poor plant choices become maintenance problems
  • Plant the right plant in the right place
  • Use adaptable plants specific to site, whether
    native or not

3
Urban Environment Pruning Required
4
Native Landscape Natural Pruning
5
Average Life Expectancy of Street Trees
  • Downtown 7 years
  • City Average 32 years
  • Best City Site 60 years
  • Rural Site 150 years

6
  • U.S.D.A. Cold Hardiness Zone Map

7
Invasiveness Native or Exotic
Common and tallhedge buckthorn and black locust
8
Aesthetics Flowers
9
Aesthetics Fruit
10
Avoid Messy Fruit
Honeylocust pods Lilac capsules Black walnut
husks
11
Aesthetics Bark and Branching
12
Aesthetics Foliage Color
13
Aesthetics Fall Color
14
Growth RateFast growing species often
susceptible to limb breakage following storms
15
Mature Growth Size Height and Width
Watch for power lines!
16
Mature Growth Size Height and Width
17
Growth of Conifers or Shrubs 5, 10, and 15 years
18
Growth Form Columnar
19
Growth Form Rounded and Oval
20
Growth Form Pyramidal
21
Growth Form Upright and Horizontal
22
Growth Form Vase-Shaped and Weeping
23
Growth Form Erect, Suckering
24
Growth Form Mounded
25
Growth Form Shrubby
26
Growth Form Creeping or Trailing
27
Growth Form Climbing (Vines)
28
Growth Form Dwarf (Conifers)
29
Prune based on clients needs but keep in mind
plant health and natural form of plant
30
Objectives of Pruning
  • Control size
  • Direct and train growth
  • Influence flowering and fruiting
  • Corrective pruning
  • Maintain health and appearance
  • Safety hazard trees
  • Rejuvenate old, overgrown plants
  • Specialty pruning topiary, espalier, pleaching,
    pollarding, bonsai

31
Corrective Pruning Damaged Branches
32
Corrective Pruning Diseased, Dead, or Dying
33
Corrective Pruning Crossing Branches
34
Corrective Pruning Double Leaders
35
Corrective Pruning Watersprouts
36
Corrective Pruning Suckers
37
Corrective Pruning Root Suckers
38
Corrective Pruning Narrow Crotch Angles
39
Types of Pruning Tools
By-pass type of pruners
Anvil type of pruners not recommended
40
Types of Pruning Tools
41
Types of Pruning Tools
  • Pruning saw
  • Pole pruners
  • Chainsaw
  • Hedge shears manual or electric
  • Disinfectant bleach, alcohol, Lysol to sterilize
    equipment

42
Types of Pruning Cuts
  • Heading back
  • Thinning or renewal
  • Rejuvenation
  • Pinching
  • Deadheading
  • Shearing
  • Topping Not Recommended!

43
Heading Back Removal of the terminal portion of
a shoot back to a larger lateral branch or bud,
reduces height, hides cut
44
Heading Back
45
Thinning or Renewal Completely remove 1/3 of
largest diameter branches back to the base of the
plant on a yearly basis, opens it up, allows for
new sucker growth
46
Thinning or Renewal New Suckers
47
Thinning or Renewal Before and After
48
Rejuvenation Severely cutting back stems of
shrubs, used on suckering, fast growing
overgrown, leggy shrubs only
49
Rejuvenation
50
Pinching Removal of tips of shoots to allow for
lateral branches to break, increases bushiness of
shrub
51
Deadheading Removal of faded flowers, avoids
fruit and seed formation, can encourage second
flush of flowers
52
Shearing For formal hedges only, new growth is
sheared off to maintain tight, geometric form,
higher maintenance
53
Shearing Rules Bottom of hedge should be wider
than the top of hedge
54
Result of Improper Shearing Bottom shaded out
55
Shearing Rules Do not continue to cut top of
sheared hedge back to the original point of last
years cut, get witches brooming, leave 1/2-1 of
previous seasons growth
56
Shearing Rules Prune what you can reach
57
Shearing hedges, formal or informal
58
Do not shear plants that can produce showy
flowers or fruit or lack latent buds
59
Example of Shearing Inappropriate Species
Forsythia
60
Topping Removal of all the larger branches back
to a certain height on trees or large shrubs, not
recommended, very prone to decay
61
General Responses to Pruning
  • Stimulates budbreak at cut
  • Removal of lateral shoot get terminal growth
  • Removal of terminal shoot get lateral growth
  • Response varies based on
  • Growth habit, plant age, size, timing, and
    severity of pruning

62
Timing of Pruning
  • To stimulate shoot growth prune prior to
    budbreak
  • To retard shoot growth prune just after leaf
    expansion
  • Never prune trees or shrubs during leaf expansion
  • Dont prune at time of planting
  • Prune during dry weather

63
Timing of Pruning Dormant Season
  • Best time to prune, see form
  • No diseases or insects active
  • Required for oaks and elms
  • Good for summer flowering plants (produce flowers
    on current seasons growth)
  • However, cuts off flower buds on spring flowering
    plants

64
Summer and Fall Flowering Plants Prune in Late
Winter
65
Timing of Pruning Spring
  • Quicker wound closure as bark is slipping
  • Can do on summer flowering plants if done in
    early spring
  • Dont prune until new, expanding growth has
    hardened off
  • Worst time to prune oaks and elms due to diseases

66
Timing of Pruning Early to Mid Summer
  • Not a good time to prune
  • Many diseases and insects active
  • Retards further shoot growth
  • Good for spring flowering plants (produce flowers
    on previous seasons, older growth)
  • However, cuts off flower buds on summer flowering
    plants

67
Early Spring Flowering Plants Prune in Early
Summer
68
Mid Spring Flowering Plants Prune in Early
Summer
69
Timing of Pruning Late Summer to Early Fall
  • Worst time to prune
  • May stimulate late season shoot growth, wont
    harden off
  • Slow to poor wound closure
  • Many diseases and insects active
  • Cuts off flower buds on spring flowering plants
  • Best reserved for storm damaged plants

70
Pruning Keep in Mind Fruit Display
71
Pruning Keep in Mind Thorny Plants
72
Pruning Trees and Larger Limbs
73
Proper Pruning Cuts
  • Branch collar trunk tissue that forms around the
    base of a branch
  • Branch bark ridge ridge of bark in a branch
    crotch that marks where branch and trunk tissues
    meet and can extend down tree trunk

74
Avoid Stubs After Pruning
75
Result of Leaving Stubs
76
3-Point Method of Larger Branch Removal Leave
branch collar and branch bark ridge alone
77
Result of Proper Cut
78
Opposite Branching Prune out double leaders
79
Bleeders and Use of Wound Dressing
80
Mature and Larger Trees Hire a Certified Arborist
81
Avoid Pruning Around Power Lines
82
Needle-leaved Evergreen Pruning
83
Weeping Needle-leaved Evergreens
84
Proper Pruning Cuts for Smaller Limbs
85
Pruning Spring Flowering Shrubs
  • Heading back or thinning cuts (if suckering), do
    not shear
  • Prune after flowering or when dormant

86
Pruning Summer or Fall Flowering Shrubs
  • Heading back or thinning cuts (if suckering),
    rejuvenation, do not shear
  • Prune in early spring or when dormant

87
Pruning Shrubs Produced on a Standard
88
Pruning Broad-leaved Evergreens
  • Little pruning is needed, few heading back cuts
  • Do not thin, often lacks latent buds on stem
  • Growth from terminals
  • Can shear boxwood only

89
Pruning Needle-leaved Evergreens
90
Pruning Needle-leaved Evergreens??
91
Pruning Needle-leaved Evergreens Pines
  • Little pruning is needed
  • Growth from terminals
  • Prune to maintain compact habit
  • Remove 1/2-2/3 of elongated candles before needle
    expansion in spring
  • Do not thin or shear, often lacks latent buds on
    stem

92
Pruning Needle-leaved Evergreens Spruce, Fir,
Douglas-fir
  • Little pruning is needed
  • Growth from terminals
  • Prune tip of branch back to a lateral bud
  • In early summer, remove 2/3 of an unbranched tip
    to keep full

93
Yew before and after heading back, hide cuts
Pruning Needle-leaved Evergreens Yews, boxwood,
hemlocks, arborvitae
  • Shrubs with latent buds
  • Heading back or shearing in late spring or early
    summer
  • Prune after new growth is hardened (lignified)

94
Pruning Needle-leaved Evergreens Junipers and
falsecypress
  • Shrubs without latent buds
  • Heading back cuts to lateral branch, hide cuts
  • Never rejuvenate or shear, stay out of dead zone
  • Prune in late spring to early summer

95
Pruning Needle-leaved Evergreens Dwarf Conifers
96
Unfortunate Pruning Deer Browsing
97
Bad Pruning Colorado blue spruce
98
Specialty Pruning Topiary
99
Specialty PruningTopiary
100
Specialty Structures Topiary
101
Production of Topiary
102
Head and Tiger Topiary
103
Fountain and Horse Topiary
104
Deodar Cedar Topiary
105
American Sycamore4 Legged Giant
BoxelderCompound Eight
106
American SycamoreEmblem and Basket Tree
107
European AshSpiral Staircase
108
Specialty Pruning Espalier Trees
109
Specialty Pruning Pleached Lindens
110
Specialty Pruning Pleached Baldcypress
111
Conclusion Remember How Big Plants Can Get and
Proper Placement
112
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113
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