Acquiring New Lands

1
Acquiring New Lands

• Chapter 10 Section 3

2
U.S. Involvement in Puerto Rico

• Gen. Miles - Americans were there to bring you
  protection, not only to yourselves but to your
  property, to promote your prosperity, and to
  bestow upon you the immunities and blessings of
  the liberal institutions of our government.
• Other American generals were insulting- doubted
  Puerto Ricans could govern selves like children.

3
U.S. Involvement in Puerto Rico

• Some Puerto Ricans wanted indep. while others
  wanted statehood.
• Many welcomed U.S. intervention
• However became disillusioned w/ military govt.
  attitudes of superiority

4
Citizenship for Puerto Ricans

• P.R. strategically important to U.S.
• Foraker Act (1900) denied U.S. citizenship to
  Puerto Ricans and gave the pres. the power to
  appoint Puerto Ricos governor and legislatures.
• Insular Cases (1901) U.S. Supreme Court ruled
  that the Constitution did not automatically apply
  to people in acquired territories.
• Granted right to citizenship in 1917 and right to
  elect both houses of their legislature.

5
Cuba Becomes a Protectorate

• Teller Amendment U.S. did not intend to annex or
  control Cuba.
• 4 years following the war, U.S. Army governed
  Cuba
• Provided food and clothing
• Helped farmers put land back into cultivation
• Organized elementary schools
• Improved sanitary conditions
• Medical research

6
Platt Amendment

• 1900- Cuba wrote a constitution.
• Did not specify relationship w/ U.S.
• 1901- U.S. insists Cuba add several provisions
  known as the Platt Amendment.
• 1903- Platt Amendment became a part of a treaty
  b/w the two nations and remained in effect for 31
  yrs.
• Cuba became a U.S. protectorate

7
The Platt Amendment

• 1.) Cuba could not make treatise that might
  limit its indep. or permit for a foreign power to
  control any part of its territory.
• 2.) U.S. reserves the right to intervene in Cuba
  to preserve indep. and maintain order.
• 3.) Cuba was not to go into debt.
• 4.) the U.S. could buy or lease land on the
  island for naval and coaling stations.

8
Protecting American Business Interests

• Most important reason why U.S. wanted to maintain
  a strong political presence was to protect
  economic interests.
• Invested heavily in sugar, tobacco, and mining
  industries
• Naval base _at_ Guantanamo Bay (still maintained)
• Withdrew troops in 1902, but intervened numerous
  times when problems arose.

9
Filipinos Rebel

• Natives intent on indep.
• Outraged _at_ American annexation
• Emilio Aguinaldo- rebel leader who believed U.S.
  betrayed the Filipinos
• Resentment over Treaty of Paris of 1898 erupted
  in rebellion.

10
Philippine-American War

• January 1899- Aguinaldo proclaimed Philippines
  indep. and drafted a constitution.
• U.S. soldiers reinforced U.S. control
• Led to armed rebel revolt
• America mirrored Spanish control
• Forced to live in designated zones
• Poor sanitation, starvation and disease killed
  thousands.

11
Philippine-American War

• White troops looked down on Filipinos b/c of skin
  color
• However many troops were African Americans
• Some deserted to Filipino side
• War lasted 3 yrs. (ended in 1902) and cost more
  than U.S. paid for the islands

12
Aftermath of the War

• U.S. set up a govt similar to Puerto Ricos in
  Philippines
• 1901-1904 Taft served as the governor
• Built schools and hospitals
• Improved sanitation
• U.S. college students sent to islands to improve
  education
• Gained indep. in 1946

13
China and the Open Door Policy

• Philippinesgateway to Asia
• Economic opportunities
• Railroads
• China seen as sick man of Asia
• U.S. took action

14
John Hays Open Door Notes

• 1899- Germany, Japan, France, Britain and Russia
  all had prosperous settlements spheres of
  influence in China.
• Struggle for control of Chinas resources
• U.S. fears loss of access to ports

15
John Hays Open Door Notes

• John Hay issues the Open Door Notes
• Statements issued to other dominant countries
• Called for open access to Chinas coastal ports
• Elimination of special privileges for any of the
  trading nations
• Maintenance of Chinas indep.

16
Rebellion in China

• 1900- Chinese rebellion erupts
• Boxer Rebellion secret society, the Boxers,
  rose in revolt to drive out the foreign devils.
• Leads to issuing of second Open Door notes.

17
Second Open Door Notes

• The U.S. would safeguard for the world the
  principle of equal and impartial trade w/ all
  parts of the Chinese empire.
• Greater American influence in Asia and opened
  foreign markets
• Outlined bedrock of American foreign policy.

18
Second Open Door Policy

• 1.) American economy depended on exports.
• 2.) U.S. intervention to keep foreign markets
  open
• 3.)Closing of an area to Amer. products,
  citizens, or ideas threatened U.S. survival.

19
Impact of U.S. Territorial Gains

• Many Americans favored imperialist beliefs
• McKinley reelected in 1900
• William Jennings Bryan- Its not necessary to
  own people to trade w/ them.

20
Justifying U.S. Imperialism

• Acquiring new empire forced Americans to expand
  knowledge of distant lands and people.
• Worlds fairs
• B/w 1900 1910- 5 international expositions
• Included Philippine reservation
• Some advanced and some primitive savages

21
Opposing Imperialism

• Expense of maintaining an American empire would
  outweigh any economic benefits.
• Mark Twain questioned motives in literature

22
Panama Canal

• http//www.pancanal.com/eng/general/howitworks/ind
  ex.html