World Biomes

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World Biomes

• By
• Ms. McCallums Period 6 Science Class
• 2006-2007

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Arctic
tundra
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Climate

• Mostly cold and dry
• In summer temperature varies from 3 to 12 degrees
  Celsius.
• 6 to 10 inches of rainfall per year.

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Topography

• Snowy and icy.
• The soil is permanently frozen called permafrost
  and gets muddy during

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Arctic Plants

• Arctic Moss
• Labrador Tea
• Arctic Willow
• Tufted Saxifrage
• Plants in the tundra are usually short and small.

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Arctic Animals

• Polar bear
• Snowy owl
• Some animals hibernate
• Arctic fox

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Environmental problems

• Hunters kill the animals
• Global warming melts the ice
• Oil spills pollute the water

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Coniferous
Forest
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WHERE IS IT LOCATED?

• Canada, Alaska, Asia, Europe, and North America.
• It is under the tundra and above the Deciduous
  Forest.
• Far away from the equator.
  

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Climate and Precipitation

• Cold and dry
• 25-75 cm. of rain per year
• Long, cold winters
• Short, mild, wet summers

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Topography

• Snowy, part tundra
• Not very good soil conditions

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Types of plants

• Evergreens(can keep their needles for 2 to 3
  years)
• Small shrubs and bushes

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Types of Animals

• Rodents, birds, brown and gray squirrels,
  opossums, raccoons, wolves, bears, mountain
  lions, caribou, lynx, cougars, deer, moose, and,
  coyotes.

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Environmental Problems

• Caribou are endangered. They are getting less
  space because of loggers. This lets wolves take
  over Caribou territory. The woods that the
  caribou are getting destroyed by people and
  fires.

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Coniferous Forest

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Location

• Northern part of Alaska, Canada, Asia, and Europe
• Tundra above it Deciduous below it

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Climate

• Cold and dry humid in summer rainy weather
• 25 to 75 cm of rain about 9.4 inches of rain a
  month

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What does this Land Look Like?

• Snowy
• Soil conditions thin and lacking in nutrients

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Pretty Plants

• Adapt to get used to the changing weather
• 8 species of trees exist bogs and marsh
• Spruce tree keeps needles for 15 years

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Cuddly Creatures

• adapt to changing weather
• types of animals are moose,wolves,ravens,and
  caribou
• hibernate or migrate
• Somehow thrived centuries

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OH NO Problems!!!!!

• Caribou is becoming extinct
• Logging is a big problem because animals lose
  homes
• It harms habitat and wolves move in
  

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Desert
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Where in the World?

• The desert is located in Asia, Africa, Australia,
  North America, and South America.
• The Sahara Desert is the biggest of all deserts.
• 1/3 of Africa, 20 of Earth's land.

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Climate

• Dry, hot, and arid.
• 32º F to 120º F
• Rainfall 0 to 10 inches.

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Soil

• Sandy
• Poor in nutrients
• No humus
• Dry soil

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Plants

• Plants hold water to adapt.
• Examples cactus, peyote, fish hook cactus, hedge
  hog cactus, black sage.

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Animals Everywhere!

• Toad, kangaroo rat, kit fox, jack rabbit, camel,
  gila monster, iguana, thorny devil, coyote,
  dingo, mole, fennec fox, jerboa, bat.
• Some stay in shade, some hide, some only hunt at
  night.

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Environmental Problems and Solutions!

• Problems Animals die of thirst in the dry
  season.
• Solution They adapt, hide from the sun, and they
  don't sweat.

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Sahara Desert

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Where In The World...

• Deserts take up 1/5 of the earth's surface.
• The Sahara is the world's largest desert.
• Deserts are normally located near the equator.
• The Sahara desert is located in North Africa.

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The Sahara Desert's Climate

• Deserts get 25cm of rainfall per year.
• Deserts can be either hot or cold.
• Winter nights can sometimes be below freezing.

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Topography

• The land is very dry.
• It is also very open.
• The desert is a very hot land.
• It is also very deserted.

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Kinds of Animals

• There are many animals that have to adapt to the
  types of weather.
• Reptiles sidewinder, thorny devil, gila monster,
  fat sand rat, great mouse tailed rat.
• Mammals camel, caracal, bodcat, dingo, fennec
  fox, coyote.
• Also, there are many other different animals in
  the desert.

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Types of Plants

• There are many plants.
• For instance, the old man, saguaro, creosote
  bush,fish hook, desert spoon, prickly pear,
  dragon tree, barrel, Joshua tree.

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Environmental, Problems, and Solutions !!!!

• One of the problems are that there is too much
  heat and plants are not growing.
• Also, the soil is dry and poor in nutrients which
  also effects the plants.

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Grasslands
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Location

• Grasslands cover 25 of land surface.
• Grasslands are located in Asia, North South
  America on the interior of continents.

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Climate

• In the summer grasslands can reach temperatures
  of 80ºF in July and 20ºF in January.
• 10 to 30 inches of rain yearly.
• There is more precipitation in the summer than in
  the winter.

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Topography

• Fertile soil in the tall grass grasslands, less
  fertile soil in the short grass grasslands.
• Soil is brown with a black layer of organic
  matter.

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Plants

• Some plants include the stinging needle plant,
  tall grass, short grass, shrubs, and short trees.
• Some adaptations of plants are they taste bad or
  are poisonous.
• No ''special'' plants.

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Animals

• Some animals are African elephants, zebra, deer,
  antelope, butterflies, horse, lion, giraffe,
  squirrels, kangaroo, bison, prairie dog, jack
  rabbits, coyotes, pronghorn, gophers, weasel,
  ferrets, foxes, badgers, ostrich, snakes,
  rodents, bobolink, birds, prairie chickens,
  lamas, aardvark, wildcats, dogs, cheetah, gnu,
  hippo, hyena, leopard.
• Adaptations include long legs to reach above the
  grass. Also, animals taste bad so animals won't
  eat them. Some animals can run very fast and
  others burrow and retain water to sweat less.

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Environmental Problems and Solutions

• Some environmental problems are wildfires, and
  toxic gas in the air that is causing birth
  problems. Also, people are taking to much land.
• Some ways we can help with these problems are
  stop burning fuels that produce this toxic gas
  and limit building on the animals' land.

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Marine

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Location

• ¾ of the Earth's surface
• Shallow,warm water near land
• Near the equator
• Red Sea,Indian Ocean, South,and North Pacific
• Largest biome

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Climate

• The temperature ranges between 70-85 degrees F.
• Climate has little effect on the coral reef.
• Winds and currents effect mainland.
• Climate vary little through seasons.
• Water heats up and cools down slowly.

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Topography of Coral Reef

• Underwater forest
• Colorful wonderland
• Fish city

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Plants of Coral Reef

• Anemones
• Three major groups coral weed,sea weed,and kelp
• 6000-7000 species

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Animals

• Sharks such as the Zebra Bullhead Shark
• Fish,dolphins
• Crabs
• Soft coral,hard coral
• Jellyfish,squid,and octopus
• 500,000 species
• Animals disguised as plants

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Problems

• Water pollution from sewage and agricultural.
• Dredging off coast caused by machines.
• Careless collecting of coral specimens by
  visitors.
• Sedimentation,silt or sand, from construction
  sights.
• Coral bleaching when water temperature climbs.
• Shock waves from aircraft,rocket,and any other
  fast machine
• Cyanide fishing which is toxic poison used by
  fisherman.

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Marine
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Where are Marine Biomes located?

• The Marine is three fourths of the Earth.
• It is the largest biome, because it is the ocean.
• The Atlantic, the Pacific, and so on are all
  part of the Marine.

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The Marine Climate

• Cold near the poles.
• Warm near the equator.
• Climate is not a factor of the ocean.

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What Marine looks like

• It has a lot of ice blocks.
• Also, looks very sandy at the bottom of the
  ocean.
• It is dark when the water is deep.
• The water is light when it is shallow.

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The Plants

• Some plants are seaweed, sea cabbage, kelp,
  algae, and plankton.
• The seaweed has air bladders to make it float.

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All of the Animals

• There are eels, coral, crabs, shrimp, dolphins,
  manatees.
• Sharks and fish have gills to breathe
  underwater.
• Plankton float on the surface letting the ocean
  take them were ever the ocean takes them.

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Problems about the Ocean

• Oil spills are huge problems for the animals in
  the marine biome.
• Some oil spills covered hundreds of miles of
  shore lines with oil.
• Now laws have passed so every ship has to layers
  of steel so if one layer breaks another layer
  will protect it from going into the ocean.

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Tropical
Rainforest


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Location of Tropical Rain Forests

• Our biome is located near the equator.
• Also it is located in South America, the Congo
  Basin, and other lowland regions in Africa, and
  southeast Asia
• 6 of Earth's surface is tropical rain forest.

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Climate

• The climate is very warm and the average
  temperature is greater than 20 degrees Celsius.
• Very little variation in temperature change
  which is favorable for plant growth.
• There is more than 250 cm of rainfall.

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Topography

• Our biome looks like a lot of trees with many
  animals.
• Soil conditions are okay because it rains so much
  that the soil gets very watery.
• The soil conditions are okay for plant growth.

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Plants

• Tropical rain forests contain thousands of
  different species of plant life.
• Many plants produce cures for diseases such as
  Malaria.
• Some plants are corn, cassava, tapioca, coconuts,
  beans, cocoa, and bananas. These plants adapt to
  different weather because they sense changes.

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Animals

• There are millions of types of animals in the
  rain forest.
• Some are elephant, tiger, monkey, bat, lion,
  tamarine, eagle, and viper.
• They adapt to the rain forest because they each
  are born with special things about them that help
  them survive such as the snake, it is able to
  camouflage from their predators.

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Environment

• One problem in the rain forest is the
  lumberjacks.
• The trees are all getting cut down.
• A lot of animals are losing their homes because
  they live in the trees.

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Savanna
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Locations of the Savanna

• Mostly in Southern Tropics
• Central South America, Cuba, Africa, Asia, and
  Australia
• Between Deserts and Rain Forests
• Percent of land on Earth Unknown

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Temperature of The Savanna

• Dry Season
• Hot and dry
• Summer 100º F
• Winter 30º F

• Rainy Season
• Hot and damp
• 15-25 inches rainfall
• Heavy rainfall

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What Does The Savanna Look Like?

• The Savanna is grassy and has treeless plains
• The Savanna has rich soil
• The soil gets washed away from the heavy rain

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Plants and Trees

• Some types are Gum Arabic, Baobab, Elephant
  Grass, Jackelberry Tree, etc
• The plants adapt to drought by (1) living in
  clumps (2) turning brown and stop growing (3)
  growing deep roots (4) growing thorns for
  protection.

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Animals

• They migrate.
• The Savanna has the most animals of all the
  biomes.

• Some types of animals found here are elephant,
  wild dog, Black Mamba, lions, koalas, crocodiles,
  Cara cal, baboon, and mongoose.

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Environmental Problems

• Too many open fires caused by lightning
• Diseases destroy and endanger animals
• No sewage drains
• The humans are developing the land so the animals
  have no where to live.

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Deciduous Forest Location

• Mostly in the Northern Hemisphere.
• Covers most of Europe.
• North Eastern United States is almost covered too.

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Deciduous Forest Climate

• No extremes.
• Cold winters, hot summers.
• Average temperature is 50 degrees.
• 30-60 inches of precipitation yearly.
• Mild temperature well defined moisture.

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Deciduous Forest Topography

• Very fertile soils with leaf litter from broad
  leaf trees.
• Full of dense tree life.
• Great habitat for fungi, bacteria, and insects.
• Leaves shed a lot.

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Deciduous Forest Plant Life

• Very scattered.
• Some examples are Maple, Oak, Hickory, Ash,
  Beech, and Mistletoe.
• 80-100 feet tall.

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Deciduous Forest Animals

• There is abundant life.
• For example, bear, deer, raccoons, birds,
  bobcats, squirrels, invertebrates, viper,
  lizards, and chipmunk.

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Deciduous Forest Environmental Problems and
Solutions

• Population of poisonous snakes may bite you, and
  without medicine you may die.
• Bears and Lions are common, so running into one
  can be dangerous.
• You may freeze to death without proper clothing
  and shelter.
• Summers are hot, so heat sickness is a summer
  danger.
• The solution to all of this is travel in groups
  and avoid territory of other animals when hiking.

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Rainforest
Tropical
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The Rainforest

• Tropical Rainforests are near the Equator.
• Tropical Rainforests are located in Australia,
  Asia, Africa, Central and South America, the
  Carribean Islands, and the Pacific islands.
• The rainforest's cover 6 of land on Earth.

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The Climate

• The Rainforest is very warm and there isn't a lot
  of precipitation.
• Also, the temperature range is 70-80ºF.
• There is only 250 cm of rain per year.

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The Soil of the Rainforest

• The soil is not really fertile and you can't
  plant plants in there.
• All the nutrients come from the trees of the
  rainforest.

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Plants of the Rainforest

• In the Rainforest some of the plants cure
  diseases.
• The types of plants are Bengal Bamboo,
  Bougainvillea, Curare, Coconut Trees, Durian,
  Jambu, Kapok trees, Mangrove Forests, Strangler
  Figs, and Tualang

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The Animals of the Rainforest

• A lot of the animals stay under trees or under a
  shady place so they can keep cool.
• Some of the animals are the black panthers, blue
  and gold macaw, orangutans, Toucans, Tigers,
  Bats, Elephants, and Monkeys

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About the Environment

• A lot of trees are being cut down, because of
  that, a lot of the animals are being extinct
  since the places where animals live is being
  destroyed.
• Also, the everyday oxygen supply is running low.
• So, everyone has to stop cutting trees too much
  so that everything is better.

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Bibliography

• Biome Info- http//ths.sps.lane.edu/biomes/index1.
  html
• Habitats/Biomes- http//www.allaboutnature.com/bio
  mes/
• World Biomes- http//www.blueplanetbiomes.org/worl
  d_biomes.htm
• The World Biomes- http//www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exh
  ibits/biomes/index.php
• Biome Photos- http//geoimages.berkeley.edu/GeoIma
  ges/Johnson/Biomes01.html
• Whats It Like Where You Live?-
  http//www.mbgnet.net/