Russia

1
Russia Eastern Europe

• Chapter 30

2
Map 30.1Eastern Europe the Soviet Union, 1919
1939 (page 733)

• 1. 1914
• a. What 3 empires dominated Eastern Europe in
  1914?
• b. By 1919, what empire had collapsed?
• 2. 1919 (see map on 736 too)
• a. What new states arose in 1919?
• b. How might these new states affect
  international politics?
• c. How did WWI affect the geography of Russia?

3
Map 30.2Soviet Union Eastern European
Boundaries by 1948 (page 736)

• 1. 1945
• a. What lands did the Soviet Union annex?
• b. What happened to the borders of Poland,
  Czechoslovakia, Romania?
• c. What happened to Germany?
• 2. Post-1945
• a. What Eastern European countries belonged to
  the Warsaw Pact?
• b. What was Yugoslavias Albanias relationship
  to the Soviet Union?
• c. Why was Finland not annexes to the Soviet
  Union or included in the Warsaw Pact?

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Map 30.3The Breakup of the Soviet Union (page
748)

• 1. Europe
• a. What new states arose following the breakup of
  the Soviet Union?
• b. How did the breakup affect Russian access to
  water?
• 2. Central Asia the Caucasus
• a. What new states arose?
• b. If the ending-istan means land in Arabic,
  what conclusions might you reach regarding the
  Central Asian states?
• c. Why might Russias relationship with these
  states be troubling?

5
Russian Revolution - 1917
Bolsheviks take over - peace with Germany
Lenin Congress of Soviets
internal dissatisfaction
Trotsky Red Army
New Economic Policy
Stalin socialism in one country
USSR 1923 - strong central state
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Soviet society workers women gain education
literacy spread
Centralized Economic Policies - collectivization
industrial - heavy industry -
centralized resources production quotas
industrialization much like in west
totalitarian rule
WWII agreement w/ Hitler over Poland - Germany
invade Russia 1941
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superpower heavy industry weapons
development - nuclear power - worldwide
influence
Eastern Europe
extension of Soviet sphere
agricultural depression German control
end WWII - Soviet offensive Soviet control
internal protests - East Germany, Hungary,
Czechoslovakia
70s a little lessening of control - Poland
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USSR isolated - Cold War fear led to
acceptance of state authority
Culture - secular - art literature within
party line
traditional classical music ballet
jazz rock in 80s
freedom of expression depended on current
leadership
science emphasis
Economy - state control - heavy industry
over consumer goods
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similarity to West
- leisure habits - better organization
incentives to work better
division between workers managers
- urbanization - birthrate declines - working
women
De-Stalinization
Khrushchev attacks Stalinism
after Khrushchev patterns remain constant
stagnant
competition w/ West switches to space arms race
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rift with China
invasion of Afghanistan
mid 80s economic crisis brings political
change - industrial production slows - 1/3 of
national income to military
- high alcoholism - infant mortality
Gorbachev reforms - slow arms race - end war
in Afghanistan - glasnost freedom to
criticize - economic changes
still have limits on political freedoms
minority nationalities want independence
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Dismantling Empire
Eastern Europe take advantage of reforms
most install non-communist governments
Yugoslavia falls apart ethnic clashes
1991 end of Soviet Union - Baltic republics
declare independence
change not all good
communist party dissolved