Production Response to a Highsugar, Floury Variety of Corn versus BMR or Normal Corn Hybrids - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Production Response to a Highsugar, Floury Variety of Corn versus BMR or Normal Corn Hybrids

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Title: Production Response to a Highsugar, Floury Variety of Corn versus BMR or Normal Corn Hybrids


1
Production Response to a High-sugar, Floury
Variety of Corn versus BMR or Normal Corn Hybrids
  • John K. Bernard
  • University of Georgia
  • Tifton, GA

2
Corn Silage
  • Primary forage used for feeding dairy cows in the
    Southeast
  • Many different types of corn hybrids available
    for silage production
  • Type of starch
  • Degree of fiber digestibility
  • Nutrient content (high oil, etc.)
  • Other

3
Kernel hardness
  • Flint varieties (vitreous) are digested more
    slowly and less extensively than floury or waxy
    varieties.
  • Limited research available on the merits of
    floury or waxy corn varieties, the limited data
    suggest that corn silage from waxy corn can
    support greater milk and component yield than a
    corn silage produced from a high oil corn variety.

4
Fiber digestibility
  • Brown midrib varieties have less lignin, so the
    fiber is more digestible which supports greater
    intake and milk production than normal varieties.
  • Other varieties have higher sugar content that is
    assumed to be more digestible

5
Objective
  • To determine the intake and milk yield response
    of lactating dairy cows fed diets based on corn
    silage produced from a high-sugar, floury
    variety, a BMR, or a normal variety of corn.

6
Treatments
  • Corn silage will be produced from three different
    types of commercially available corn hybrids
  • Normal (Mycogen TMF2L844)
  • BMR variety (Mycogen F2F797)
  • High sugar, floury corn (MasterChoice MC590)
  • Silage will be harvested and stored in silage
    bags until the trial begins

7
Production Trial
  • Completely randomized design
  • 45 Holstein cows trained to each behind Calan
    gates
  • 2 week preliminary period for collection of
    covariate data
  • 8 week experimental period
  • Corn silage will provide a minimum of 35 of the
    dietary DM

8
Production Trial
  • Data collection
  • Daily DM and nutrient intake
  • Daily milk yield
  • Weekly milk composition
  • Fat, protein, lactose, SNF, and MUN
  • Body weight change
  • Nutrient digestibility
  • DM, OM, N, NDF, ADF, starch, and fat

9
Statistical Analysis
  • Covariate analysis of variance will be conducted
    using Proc Mixed procedure of SAS
  • Covariates will include
  • Days in milk
  • Lactation (primiparous vs multiparous)
  • Initial data from preliminary period
  • DMI, milk yield, composition, and BW

10
Potential Implications
  • Trial will provide data on the merit of a high
    sugar, floury endosperm corn for corn silage
    relative to other corn hybrids including BMR.
  • This variety does not suffer from the yield drag
    common with BMR varieties and reportedly has
    greater drought tolerance. If it performs as
    well as has been suggested, it offers another
    option for producing high quality corn silage

11
Corn Silage and Conserved Forage Field DayJune
18, 2009Tifton, GA
12
Forage Potential of an Annual Peanut Variety for
Lactating Dairy Cows
  • John K. Bernard and Albert Culbreath, UGA
  • William Anderson, USDA
  • Tifton, GA

13
Rhizoma or Perennial Peanuts
  • Rhizoma or perennial peanut forage
  • Excellent forage for dairy cattle with similar
    quality to alfalfa
  • Established using rhizoma rather than seed
  • New stand may require three years before it is
    productive
  • Once established, a stand may persist for over 20
    years.

14
Annual Peanuts
  • Most commercially available varieties do not have
    high forage yield potential and are susceptible
    to a variety of diseases
  • Fungicides used for disease prevention are not
    approved by FDA for use on forages, so the forage
    can not be fed to cattle.
  • Previous research indicates that the forage from
    annual peanut vines is very high and similar to
    perennial peanut forage

15
Potential New Variety
  • One of the UGA breeding line (CRSP 983) has
    excellent diseases resistance (leaf spot, spotted
    wilt, etc.) and also has very robust foliage
    production compared with other commercial
    varieties or breeding lines currently available
  • Kernels are larger than most commercial varieties
    currently planted
  • This line has the potential to re-establish
    itself the following season if no tillage or
    spraying is done.

16
Objectives
  • To determine the forage potential of a breeding
    line annual peanut that is resistant to most
    common diseases and has robust forage (vine)
    production as a forage for lactating dairy cows.
  • Phase 1 Forage yield and nutrient content and
    response to management
  • Phase 2 Animal response including nutrient
    intake and digestibility and production potential

17
Phase 1
  • Randomized design trial with a 2 x 2 x 2 x 2
    factorial arrangement of treatments
  • 2 varieties (CRSP 983 and Georganic)
  • 2 harvest schedules (1X or 2X)
  • 2 digging scheduled (dig or no dig)
  • All remaining plots will be harvested in year 2
  • 2 cover crop (no or overseed with winter annual)
  • 64 plots year 1, 32 plots year 2

18
Information from Phase 1
  • Forage DM yield
  • Nutrient content and in vitro digestibility
  • Disease resistance
  • Stand re-establishment in 2nd yr
  • Peanut yield

19
Phase 2
  • 1 acre of CRSP 983 will be established for
    production of forage. Forage will be harvested as
    hay for use in a lactation trial.
  • Replicated 3 x 3 Latin square using a minimum of
    nine lactating cows, three which will have rumen
    cannula

20
Phase 2
  • Treatments (15 of DM)
  • Annual peanut hay
  • Perennial peanut hay (purchased locally)
  • Alfalfa hay (purchased)
  • 21 day periods (14 day adaptation, 7 day
    collection)

21
Information from Phase 2
  • DM and nutrient intake
  • Milk yield
  • Milk composition
  • fat, protein, lactose, SNF, and MUN
  • DM and nutrient digestibility
  • DM, OM, N, NDF, ADF, and fat
  • Nutrient fermentation
  • Ph, VFA, and ammonia

22
Potential Implications
  • Potential to use in rotation with corn.
  • Given the potential to re-establishes itself
    without additional tillage and seeding and it
    tolerates over-seeding with a winter annual, this
    would be an economical source of high quality
    forage to use with corn silage or other forages.

23
Questions?
24
Effectiveness of a New Type of Sprinkler System
for Cooling Cows in Free Stall Barns
  • John K. Bernard and David R. Bray
  • Universities of Georgia and Florida

25
Heat Stress
  • Much of the Georgia and Florida experiences
    chronic heat stress seven or more months each
    year.
  • Supplemental cooling from high velocity fans plus
    either a sprinkler or mister system to reduce the
    degree of heat stress experienced by the cow.

26
Cooling Systems
  • Sprinkler systems are relatively inexpensive and
    require minimal maintenance but use large
    quantities of water.
  • High pressure mister systems require a lot of
    maintenance and are expensive to operate but use
    less water.

27
Arato Dairy Cooling System
  • System developed in Germany
  • System works on normal water line pressure (50
    psi) without any booster pump.
  • Reported to use less water than systems currently
    available and be as effective.

28
Arato Dairy Cooling System
  • No data on the effectiveness of the system to
    cool cows in a hot-humid environmental or how it
    will compare with other systems currently used in
    the Southeast.

29
Objective
  • To determine the effectiveness of the Arato
    Dairy Cooling System for cooling dairy cows and
    reducing water usage
  • Lactating cows
  • Dry cows

30
Methods
  • The Arato Dairy Cooling System in the free stall
    barn at the UGA Dairy Research Center on the
    Tifton Campus which also has a high pressure
    mister system.
  • A second system will be installed to the shade
    structures in the far-off dry cow lot.

31
Methods - Lactating Cows
  • Replicated reversal design trial will be
    conducted during the summer and fall 2009
  • Treatments will include
  • High pressure mister system or
  • Arato Dairy Cooling System
  • Temperature probes will be inserted into the
    vagina of 10 cows to measure core body
    temperature for four days each week

32
Arato Dairy Cooling System
Current System
33
Methods Dry Cows
  • Replicated reversal design trial will be
    conducted during the summer and fall 2009
  • Treatments will include
  • Arato Dairy Cooling System with a battery
    operated controller or
  • Control (no supplemental cooling)
  • Temperature probes will be inserted into the
    vagina of cows to measure core body temperature
    for three days each week.

34
N W E S
35
Potential Implications
  • If this system cools the cows as effectively as
    our current system, less maintenance would be
    required and electricity use would be reduced.
  • The potential lower water use would improve water
    utilization for the farm
  • Lower water and/or electric bills
  • Less water to dispose of through waste system
  • Fewer health problems (?)

36
Potential Implications
  • This system could potentially be used to
    economically provide supplemental cooling to dry
    cows or bred heifers in pastures where water is
    available but electricity is not.

37
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38
Effect of Treating Dairy Waste with UNLO2K on
Nutrient Content of Solids and Lagoon Water
  • John K. Bernard and John W. Worley
  • University of Georgia
  • Tifton

39
Dairy Waste
  • Any dairy with 200 or more dairy cows must have
    a nutrient management plan that outlines how the
    waste will be handled and used to prevent
    contamination of surface and ground water

40
Dairy Waste
  • Most dairies flush their barns and then separate
    the solids from the liquids
  • Liquid is applied on crops through irrigation
    systems
  • Solids are spread on field not receiving lagoon
    water
  • Systems used to separator solids are not 100
    efficient, so some solids accumulate in the
    lagoon. At some point these solids must be
    removed mechanically to restore lagoon capacity.

41
Lagoon Additives
  • There are several products marketed which
    reportedly improve microbial breakdown of solids
    in the lagoon and improve nutrient availability
  • Limited data are available on the effectiveness
    of these products.

42
UNLO2K
  • Proprietary blend of plant nutrients, soil
    penetrants, and biologically active oxidant
    sources which stimulate beneficial microbial
    populations to enhance oxidation processes and
    release nutrients locked up in the organic matter
  • Produced and marketed by Agrakey Solutions, LLC.

43
UNLO2K
  • Treatment of lagoon water stimulates bacteria
    that digest organic matter
  • Nutrients are more available
  • Less sludge accumulates
  • Application to crops through irrigation would
    improve soil microbiology and improve soil
    porosity which would improve water infiltration
    and water holding capacity.

44
Objective
  • To determine the effect of treating the waste
    system with UNLO2K on nutrient content of solids
    spread on pasture and hay fields and lagoon water
    used for irrigating forage crops

45
Procedures
  • Lagoons at the Dairy Research Center will be
    shock treated with UNLO2K and then treated
    according to recommendations of Agrakey
    Solutions.
  • Samples of solids and lagoon water will be
    collected two months prior to treatment and each
    month after treatment for analysis of nutrient
    content.

46
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47
Potential Implications
  • Data will provide information on changes in
    nutrient content of solids and liquid streams.
  • Observational information on performance of
    lagoon and use of waste water for flushing free
    stall barn.
  • Turn-over of solids
  • Slickness of floors

48
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