The%20Cyberinfrastructure%20Movement%20and%20the%20Potential%20for%20Revolutionizing%20Science/Engineering%20Research%20and%20Education:%20A%20Harbinger%20of%20the%20Future%20of%20Scholarship%20(and%20Education)%20in%20the%20Digital%20Age

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The Cyberinfrastructure Movement and the
Potential for Revolutionizing Science/Engineering
Research and EducationA Harbinger of the Future
of Scholarship (and Education) in the Digital Age

• Daniel E. Atkins
• atkins_at_umich.edu
• School of Information Department of EECS
• University of Michigan, U.S.A.

JISC-CNI, Brighton, July 8, 2004
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Perspective from a Blend of Vantage Points

• Researcher
• Dean College of Engineering, School of
  Information (www.si.umich.edu)
• Chair of NSF Blue Ribbon Panel on
  Cyberinfrastructure
• Consultant
• Not speaking officially for the US NSF

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Converging Streams of Activity
ACLS-Mellon CI for Humanities
E-science
www.nas.org
Science-driven pilots (not using above labels)
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NSF Blue Ribbon Panel on Cyberinfrastructure
a new age has dawned in scientific and
engineering research, pushed by continuing
progress in computing, information, and
communication technology, and pulled by the
expanding complexity, scope, and scale of
todays challenges. The capacity of this
technology has crossed thresholds that now make
possible a comprehensive cyberinfrastructure on
which to build new types of scientific and
engineering knowledge environments and
organizations and to pursue research in new ways
and with increased efficacy.

• http//www.cise.nsf.gov/sci/reports/toc.cfm

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Cyberinfrastructure-enabled Knowledge
Communities (CKCs)
Virtual teams, communities, organizations,
knowledge communities/environments/ecologies
Cyberinfrastructure Equipment, Software, People,
Institutions
Computation, Storage, Communication and Interface
Technologies
or perhaps Organizations
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Knowledge Communities
research, scholarship

• This phase is shorthand for a group of people
  working together to create, disseminate, use
  and/or preserve knowledge.
• I do not mean a static collection of knowledge
  (as in a body of knowledge) -- I mean people
  engaged in knowledge-based activities. (Knowing
  Communities)
• Not one huge knowledge community but rather many
  specialized communities, often with overlapping
  membership. Individual role may vary among
  different knowledge communities.

teaching, learning
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Some Names for CKCs

• Co-laboratory, Collaboratory
• Grid Community
• e-X Community (as in e-science)
• Cyber-X Community (as in cyberscience)
• Community Gateways or Portals
• Virtual Community, Virtual Organizations

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Big Ideas

• Global cyberinfrastructure can become a platform
  for routine, effective, computationally
  supported, distance-independent activities of
  knowledge communities.
• Research communities are creating functionally
  complete virtual communities that are absolutely
  necessary for their next decade of research
  aspirations.
• Cyberinfrastructure offers new options for what
  is done, how it is done, and who participates.
• We now have the opportunity (and responsibility)
  to help make it real.

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Push and Pull for CKCs

ACP Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Program
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Dimensions of CI RD
usefulness
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Cyberinfrastructure
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Cyberinfrastructure
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Translight Consortia
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Cyberinfrastructure
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NSF Middleware Initiative
http//www.nsf-middleware.org/
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Middleware Globus and Grid-Web Services
Convergence
From Ian Foster
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Core Middleware

• Identity and Identifiers namespaces, identifier
  crosswalks, real world levels of assurance, etc.
• Authentication campus technologies and
  policies, interrealm interoperability via PKI,
  Kerberos, etc.
• Directories enterprise directory services
  architectures and tools, standard objectclasses,
  interrealm and registry services
• Authorization permissions and access controls,
  delegation, privacy management, etc.
• Integration Activities open management tools,
  application of virtual, federated and
  hierarchical trust, enabling common applications
  with core middleware

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Mellon Foundation Higher-Ed Open Source Projects
http//rit.mellon.org/twiki/bin/view/Main/Pubcooki
eTwiki
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Open Middleware Infrastructure Institute
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Cyberinfrastructure
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Computation-Simulation
Report of the High-end Computing Revitalization
Task Force (5-04)
Capability not just capacity technology,
policy, tools. Still need some center-based
leadership,super computers. On-demand
supercomputing, not just batch.
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Japanese Earth Simulation Center
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Top 5 Supercomputers
From http//www.top500.org/list/2003/11/
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Virginia Tech Terascale Cluster (1,100 Mac G5s)
http//computing.vt.edu/research_computing/terasca
le/
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Cyberinfrastructure
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Some Implications for the DL Research Community

• Onward to the GII - ubiquitous knowledge
  environments and information ether.
• Increased variety and scale of information.
• New scholarly communication systems
• Reducing participation overload.
• The openness movement.
• Persistence of access - digital preservation.

See http//www.sis.pitt.edu/dlwkshop/
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Openness Movement

• Open source software and its communities
• Open standards
• Open content open knowledge. Digital
  repositories.
• Open alliances for creating middleware
• Open intellectual properties more broadly
• Keeping the Internet architecture open
• University as counterbalance to overly
  restrictive access (rights management)

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Research Challenges in Digital Archiving and
Long-Term Preservation
http//www.si.umich.edu/digarch/
http//www.digitalpreservation.gov/index.php
Includes Preserving Our Digital Heritage report
Time report.
Research Issues!
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Cyberinfrastructure
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NEESgrid Earthquake Engineering Collaboratory
www.neesgrid.org
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Reconstructions of Dendritic Spines by High
Performance Parallel Electron Tomography
The Spines on these nerve cell dendrites are
where connections are rapidly made and unmade
between cells in the brain.
This 3MeV Electron Microscope in Osaka Japan is
the Biggest in World
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The Initial Facility at Sondrestrom, Greenland
The University of Michigan Upper Atmospheric
Research Collaboratory (UARC)
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Embedded Sensors RD Use
http//www.cens.ucla.edu/index.html
Ocean Research Interactive Observatory Networks
National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON)
http//www.coreocean.org/Dev2Go.web?Anchororion_h
ome_pagernd17953
http//www.nsf.gov/bio/neon/start.htm
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Cyberinfrastructure
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Electronic Visualization Lab
http//www.evl.uic.edu
Tele-Immersive Collaboration in the CAVE Research
Network
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Institute for Creative Technology
http//www.ict.usc.edu/
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Cyberinfrastructure
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Time-Space Collaboration
Time
Different
Same
Physically together... Drop in lab, physical library, museum
Audio, chat, video conference, group applications Email, threaded-discussions, shared files...
Same
Place
Different
distance matters
beyond being there
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Some examples of experimental CKCs
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The Initial Facility at Sondrestrom, Greenland
The University of Michigan Upper Atmospheric
Research Collaboratory (UARC)
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UARC Interface
computational models
Real-time instruments
dynamic work rooms
annotation
team chat
Session replay
Archival data
Journals
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Evolved into a Network of Instruments (one global
instrument)
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UARC Patterns of Communication
1998 Smithsonian Science Award
http//crew.umich.edu/
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Vignettes UARC/SPARC

• Shared, tele-instruments expertise.
• Rapid response, opportunistic campaigns.
• Multi-eyes, complementary expertise.
• Isolated instruments became a global instrument
  chain.
• Cross-mentoring/training.
• New earlier opportunities/exposure for grad
  students.

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• Enhanced participation. Legitimate peripheral
  participation.
• Support for authentic, inquiry-based learning at
  UG and pre-college level.
• Distributed workshops for post-campaign data
  analysis.
• Session re-play for delayed participation.
• Data-theory closure.
• A living specification to stretch vision of
  possibilities.

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Cyberinfrastructure is a First-Class Tool for
Science
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The Information Technology Needs of the
NeuroscienceCommunity Provide Major Challenges
for Tomorrows Information Technology
Infrastructure

• BRAIN RESEARCH of the Future will be conducted in
  a DISTRIBUTED ENVIRONMENT
• The NSF PACIs and Emergence of new Information
  Technologies have catalyzed this change
• Projects to Federate Neuroscience Data, Build
  Data and Computational Grids and Telescience
  Tools are creating a Cyber Infrastructure that
  will Enable New Science in this and other
  disciplines

Enable new understanding of the brain by linking
data about macroscopic brain function to its
molecular and cellular underpinnings
Bioinformatics Research Network (BIRN)
http//www.nbirn.net/
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Crab Nebula in 4 spectral regionsX-ray, optical,
infrared, radio
http//www.us-vo.org/
Virtual Observatory Prototype Produces Surprise
Discovery. Early demo project identifies new
brown dwarf.
http//www.us-vo.org/news/brown-dwarf.html
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Who are the Physicists? GriPhyN/iVDGL Science
Drivers

• US-ATLAS, US-CMS (LHC expts)
• Fundamental nature of matter
• 100s of Petabytes
• LIGO observatory
• Gravitational wave search
• 100s of Terabytes
• Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Astronomical research
• 10s of Terabytes

a growing number of biologists other
scientists computer scientists needing
experimental apparatus
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Broader Implications
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Cyberinfrastructure for Multi-use
New ACLS Panel of CI for Humanities
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Potential Mission Synergy Shared-Use CKCs
C-CLEAR Cyberinfrastructure-enabled
Collaborative Learning, Engagement, and Research
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The QuarkNet-Trillium collaboration is about
using Grid virtual data tools and methods to
enrich science education
We uploaded the data to the Grid used the
grid analysis tools to find the show
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Sloan DigitalSky Survey/SkyserverJohns Hopkins
UniversityAlex Szalay (Co-PI), Jordan Raddick

• Database of 80 million objects
• Search and Analysis Tools
• Projects for Teachers and Students

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Benefits

• Students who engage in authentic research will
  understand the process of science
• Be more likely to pursue a career in science
• Grow up to be scientifically literate adults
• Improve science teaching through ongoing teacher
  professional development and mentoring
• Reconnect with science
• Reduce isolation
• Increase Retention

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Hands On UniverseLawrence Hall of Science,UC
BerkeleyCarl Pennypacker (Co-PI)

• Involve high school teachers and students in
  authentic astronomy research
• Visualization Tools (IDL)
• Image Archives
• Observation Requests
• Internet Controlled Telescopes
• International Partners

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Beyond being there... Global Examples..

• Global Graduate Seminar on ICT Globalization -
  Cogburn, UM/SI
• Global Product Design - Dutta UM/ME

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CKCs -- lofty aspirations

• Provide greater equity of access and
  participation.
• Open up more experiences and increase the
  probability of intellectual linking across
  disciplinary boundaries.
• Enrich the diversity of participation,
  perspective, ideas, experiences.
• Enable sharing of resources and better
  amortization of unique resource/facilities.
• Support existing teams and accelerate the
  formation of new teams, fields, disciplines.
• Support rapid ad-hoc team formation to respond to
  unexpected emergencies.

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Comments on the RD Model to Create and Apply
Cyberinfrastructure
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Creating effective CKCs require PQ research models
CKCs can support PQ research models
Creation of knowledge basic, curiosity-driven
research
Application of knowledge
Classic Linear Research Model
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Borromean Ring RD Teams
Behavioral organizational sciences practice
Computer information, science, engineering
practice
Teams learning together - collateral learning
Users, Communities of Practice, Organizations in
Society
Three symmetric, interlocking rings, no two of
which are interlinked. Removing one destroys the
synergy.
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CKCs RD Approach
Experimental prototypes
but robust usable
Iterative Design
Long-term support
B-teams
Human-centered
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Cyberinfrastructure
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And-And CI-E Organizations Activities

• big and small
• local and global
• centralized and decentralized
• learning and research/discovery
• basic and applied (Pasteurs Quadrant)
• changes boundaries between when to compete and
  when to cooperate
• multi roles expert, student, observer,
  policy-maker

cyberinfrastructure-enable
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Budget Recommendation Overview(Incremental,
Recurring)
NSF estimate of current investments in
cyberinfrastructure development use 400M/year
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Emergent Framework

• Science and Engineering Frontiers (Frontiers)
  SE opportunities to be realized using CI
• Integrating Architectures (IAs) limited number
  of common architectures that support
  domain-specific applications using a common,
  reconfigurable set of open source software tools,
  technologies and services.
• Computation-intensive
• Information-intensive
• Instrumentation-rich
• Desk-top

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• Core (Core) CI foundation including backbone
  networks, widely shared compute and storage
  facilities education and workforce development
  activities a portfolio of activities aimed at
  yielding new knowledge on the science of
  cyberinfrastructure, including its human and
  social dimensions and rigorous evaluation and
  assessment activities.
• CI-enabling Research (CI-R) research
  investments that will create new information
  technology tools and resources to enrich
  cyberinfrastructure for the foreseeable future.

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Core

• Education, Training, Community Development
  Establish coordinated programmatic activities to
• prepare current and future scientists and
  engineers to use, develop and support
  cyberinfrastructure
• catalyze domain SE community efforts to define
  unique CI-enabled research and education
  opportunities (coordinated with Frontier
  activities)
• take targeted action to broaden participation of
  underrepresented groups and organizations in CI
  activities.

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• Networks Undertake comprehensive NSF-wide
  planning to
• examine current international investments in
  network infrastructure to support Frontier
  projects now and in the future
• develop network infrastructure needs assessment
  and gap analysis
• identify last-mile connections solutions and
  priorities
• Informed by the above determine programmatic
  strategy to invest in enabling networks both
  Frontier and Core approaches as appropriate.

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• Supercomputing Platforms Define complementary
  supercomputing investments to be made through
  Core, CI-R, and Frontier activities. To inform
  these investments
• conduct comprehensive assessment of national
  supercomputing resources
• identify promising interagency strategies to
  address supercomputing needs for open-science
  community
• identify organizational and economic models that
  support centralized and/or distributed
  supercomputing investments

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• Federated Data Archives and Digital Libraries
  Undertake comprehensive NSF-wide planning to
• explore the efficacy of creating a national
  databank of federated data archives. recognizing
  that data assets reside in different locations
  and belong to multiple domains, individuals and
  organizations
• assess domain-specific interests in establishing
  and supporting digital libraries
• identify organizational and economic models that
  support centralized and/or distributed data
  archives and digital library investments.

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• Science of Cyberinfrastructure
• Study the impact and use of cyberinfrastructure
  in research and education, to develop a better
  understanding of its sociological, economic,
  technological and societal implications.
• Initiate a comprehensive research, evaluation and
  assessment activity that seeks to develop new
  knowledge on the most effective strategies to
  design, develop and use cyberinfrastructure with
  emphasis on usability, accessibility and
  scientific utility.

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Questions, Discussion