An Energy Star for Atlanta 2500 Windy Ridge Parkway

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Site
Water
Energy
Materials
IEQ
Presentation for Southern Polytechnic Intro to
LEED
Presented by Candice Groves, AIA, LEED
AP November 7, 2005
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Southface Energy and Environmental Resource
Center

• Reduces air and water pollution
• Conserves natural resources
• Provides a healthy indoor environment

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Southface Eco Office
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What is Green Building?
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Green Building

• Design and construction practices that
  significantly reduce or eliminate the negative
  impact of buildings on the environment and
  occupants
• Sustainable site planning
• Safeguarding water and water efficiency
• Energy efficiency and renewable energy
• Conservation of materials and resources
• Indoor environmental quality

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Benefits of Sustainable Design

• Environmental
• Economic
• Health and Safety
• Community

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Environmental Impacts of Buildings

• Use 30-40 of total US energy
• 60-70 of electricity
• 35-40 of municipal solid waste
• 25-30 of wood raw materials use
• 25 of water use

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Energy Consumption in Commercial Buildings

• gt50 of energy use is for HVAC and lighting
• Energy bill equals 25 of total operating costs
• Climate sensitive design and off-the-shelf
  technologies can cut energy bill by 50

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Environmental Impactsof Transportation

• 30-40 of total US energy use
• US has 4 of world population but uses 47 of
  worlds gasoline
• 39 miles/day per capita (US)
• http//www.bts.gov/publications/pocket_guide_to_
  transportation/2001/html/table6.html

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How do you incorporate Green Design Features into
your building?
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Economics of Sustainable Design

• Reduce operating costs
• Life cycle optimization
• Improve productivity
• Recruit / retain valued staff
• Reduce absentees /liability
• Higher test scores

30-yr life cycle costs
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Health Safety Benefits

• Increase quality of indoor air, thermal, and
  acoustic environment
• EPA ranks IAQ among the top five public health
  environmental risks
• 30 of new and renovated buildings have unhealthy
  indoor air

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Community Impacts

• Sensitivity to local / regional issues
• Connectivity
• Infrastructure

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Sustainable Design ProcessAn Integrated Approach
is Critical

• Involve all stakeholders in an integrated process
• Set environmental goals
• Conduct charrette to define green design intent
• Establish a metric and assign responsibilities
• Evaluate ongoing progress

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Conduct a charrette early in the design process

• establish a multidisciplinary team with common
  goals
• develop early consensus on design priorities
• generate expectations for energy and
  environmental outcomes
• provide early understanding of the impact of
  design strategies
• integrate the design process to reduce project
  costs maximize energy and environmental
  performance
• identify project strategies to consider further
• identify partners, available grants, and
  potential collaborations
• agree on a project schedule and budget

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Environmental Goals

• Qualitative -Set indicators
• Pedestrian friendly streets
• Occupants have no comfort complaints
• Building will capture and use rainwater
• Quantitative-Set measurable metrics
• Energy Starä
• 2 Daylight Factor
• Certified LEEDä Silver

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Sustainable Site Goals

• Develop appropriate sites
• Build in developed areas
• Protect natural areas
• Reduce need for automobiles
• Protect and restore the site

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Water Efficiency Goals

• Water Efficient Landscaping
• Incorporate Innovative Wastewater Technologies
• Encourage Water Use reduction

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Energy Atmosphere Goals

• Optimize Energy Performance / Reduce Overall
  Energy Use
• Use Renewable Energy
• Commission Building Systems
• Protect the Ozone
• Measure and Verify the continued use of systems
• Use Green Power

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Materials Resources Goals

• Conserve Resources
• Reuse Existing Buildings
• Encourage Occupant Recycling
• Recycle Construction Waste
• Reuse Existing Resources
• Specify Materials that contain Recycled Content
• Use Local/Regional materials
• Use Rapidly Renewable materials

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Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) Goals

• Eliminate or Segregate Tobacco Smoke
• Provide appropriate ventilation levels
• Enhance Ventilation
• Consider Construction Procedures in terms of
  affects on IEQ
• Specify Low-Emitting Materials
• Provide Indoor Chemical Pollutant Source
  Control
• Provide Control for occupants in terms of air and
  light
• Provide Daylight Views

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Site
Water
Energy
Materials
IEQ
Defining a Sustainable Building
LEEDä Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design
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LEED Standards

• LEED Standards
• New Construction (NC)
• Existing Buildings (EB)
• Commercial Interiors (CI)
• Core Shell Projects (CS)
• Homes (H) (in development)
• Neighborhood Development (ND) (in development)

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LEED Application Guides (for NC)

• Application guides provide direction on how to
  apply LEED in specific situations
• LEED Application guide for lodging is available
  online(for low-rise projects, including
  dormitories, hotels, etc.)
• Guides for Campus, Retail, Healthcare,
  Laboratories, and Schools are in development or
  pending approval

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LEED-NC

• LEED Program
• Prerequisites - non-negotiable
• Core Credits - 64 optional points
• Innovative Credits - 5 optional bonus credits
• Levels of certification
• Certified 26-32 points
• Silver 33-38 points
• Gold 39-51 points
• Platinum 52-64 points

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LEED Point Distribution

• Credit Format
• Each credit identifies
• Intent
• Requirements
• Submittals
• Technologies Strategies

Sustainable Sites 14 pts Water Efficiency 5
pts Energy Atmosphere 17 pts Materials
Resources 13 pts IEQ 15 pts Innovation
Design 5 pts TOTAL 69 Pts
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The Certification Process
LEED Certification A five-step process designed
for convenient, easy, economical use

• Step 1 Project Registration
• -during design phase
• Step 2 Integration
• Step 3 Resources
• -use printed and online resources throughout
  design and construction
• Step 4 Documentation Submission
• -submit at or near occupancy
• Step 5 Certification

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Register your Project
Go online www.usgbc.org
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Entering your project information

• Required Information
• Contact information
• Project information
• Owner / Occupant type
• Project Manager
• Project type, phase, budget
• Site location and specs
• Optional Information
• Architect
• Detailed budget and savings estimates
• History of project (is it a renovation or a new
  project?)

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LEED Tools for the Design Team

• LEED v 2.0 / 2.1 Rating System
• Scorecard
• LEED Letter Templates / Calculators
• Credit Interpretation Requests

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Letter Templates

• LEED 2.1 letter templates streamline the
  certification process
• Each asks for certain data and lists the other
  documentation required to achieve the credit

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Credit Interpretation Requests (CIRs)

• If a question arises about applying a credit to
  a specific project
• Consult the Reference Guide for a detailed
  description of the credit intent, requirements,
  and calculations
• Review the intent of the credit to evaluate
  whether the project meets the intent
• Review the CIR Web page for previously logged
  CIRs on relevant credits
• If the question is not answered, submit a CIR
  using the online form

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Building Certification

• Collate all documentation
• Submit documentation
• Notebook
• CD
• Pay fee
• USGBC review
• Audit process
• Receive plaque PR

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Lets talk about strategies. How can you
incorporate green features into your projects?
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Sustainable SitesPrerequisite - Erosion
Sedimentation Control
Design Strategies

• Sediment traps

• Earth dikes

• Temporary permanent seeding

• Sediment basins

• Mulching

• Silt fencing

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Sustainable SitesCredit 2 - Development Density

• Use sites within an existing development density
  of more than 60,000 sq. ft. per acre (2 story
  downtown development)

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Sustainable SitesCredit 3 - Brownfield
Redevelopment
Remediation Strategies Bioremediation Ex-Situ
Remediation In-Situ Remediation
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Sustainable SitesCredit 4.1 - Alternative
Transportation

• Public Transportation Access
• Locate project within
• ½ mile of a commuter rail, light rail, or subway
  station
• OR
• ¼ mile of two or more public or campus bus lines
  usable by building occupants

Submit Area drawing or transit map highlighting
building location and fixed rail stations and bus
lines, with distances between them indicated
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Sustainable SitesCredit 4.2 - Alternative
Transportation
Bicycle Storage Changing Rooms For commercial
buildings, provide secure bicycle storage with
convenient (within 200 yards of the building)
changing/ shower facilities for 5 or more of
regular building occupants
Sample calculations (non-residential) Full-time
occupants 90 Part-time occupants (4 hr/day)
60 FTE 90 30 120 Secure bicycle spaces
120 x 5 6 Shower and facilities required 1
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Sustainable SitesCredit 5.1 - Reduced Site
Disturbance
Protect or Restore Open Space

• Greenfield developments
• Limit disturbance including earthwork and
  clearing of vegetation to
• 40 feet beyond the building perimeter
• 5 feet beyond roadway curbs, walkways, and main
  utility branches
• 25 feet beyond constructed areas with permeable
  surfaces

Previously developed sites Restore a minimum of
50 of the site area (excluding the building
footprint) by replacing impervious surfaces with
native or adapted vegetation

• Building footprint
• Greenfield
• Native/Adapted Plants

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Sustainable SitesCredit 6.1 - Stormwater
Management
Rate and Quantity

• If existing imperviousness is lt / 50
• declare that post-development 1.5 year 24 hour
  peak discharge rate does not exceed the
  pre-development rate
• If existing imperviousness is gt 50
• declare that stormwater management strategies
  decrease rate and quantity of stormwater runoff
  by at least 25

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Sustainable SitesCredit 6.2 - Stormwater
Management

• Methods of Treatment
• Infiltration Basins and
• Trenches
• Porous Pavement
• Permeable Surfaces
• Vegetated Filter Strips
• Grassed Swales
• Filtration Basins
• Constructed Wetlands
• Detention Ponds

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Sustainable SitesCredit 7 - Heat Island Effect
As dark, non reflective surfaces replace cooling
vegetation, temperatures in urban areas can rise
more than 10ºF in comparison to their
surrounding, less developed areas
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Sustainable SitesCredit 7.1 - Heat Island Effect
Non-Roof (parking lots, walkways, plazas, etc.)

• 30 of non-roof impervious surfaces are
  constructed with high-albedo materials OR open
  grid pavement OR will be shaded within 5 years
• OR place 50 of parking underground or under
  structured parking
• OR use open grid pavement for at least 50 of
  parking

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Sustainable SitesCredit 7.2 - Heat Island Effect
Roof
75 of roof covered with high-albedo material OR

• Infrared or Thermal Emittance
• Solar Reflectance / Albedo

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Sustainable SitesCredit 7.2 - Heat Island Effect
Roof

• 75 of roof is combination of vegetated or
  high-albedo material
• OR
• 50 of roof is vegetated

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Sustainable SitesCredit 8 - Light Pollution
Reduction
Meet IESNA foot-candle levels AND design so that
zero direct beam illumination leaves the building
site
Referenced Standard IESNA Recommended Practice
Manual Lighting for Exterior Environments
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Water EfficiencyCredit 1.1 - Water Efficient
Landscaping

• Reduce by 50

Use high-efficiency irrigation or capture rain or
recycled site water to reduce irrigation by 50
over conventional means
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Water EfficiencyCredit 1.2 - Water Efficient
Landscaping

• No Potable Use or No Irrigation

Use only captured water or install no permanent
irrigation system
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Water EfficiencyCredit 3.2 - Water Use Reduction
30 Reduction

• Demonstrate that the building (not including
  irrigation) will use 30 less water use than
  baseline calculated to meet the Energy Policy Act
  of 1992 fixture performance requirements.

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Capture Rainwater
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Energy AtmosphereCredit 1 (1-10 points) -
Optimize Energy Performance

• Design to exceed ASHRAE 90.1-1999 (ECB)
• Model buildings to analyze performance of design
  case vs. base case (just meets code)
• New Existing Points 15 5 1
• 20 10 2 25 15 3
• 30 20 4
• 35 25 5 40 30 6 45 35
  7
• 50 40 8
• 55 45 9 60 50 10

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Design Strategies

• Demand Reduction
• Task lighting
• Occupancy sensors
• Overall footprint reduction
• Improved insulation glazing
• Ducts inside building envelope
• Relax temperature design criteria
• Free Energy
• Daylighting
• Building orientation (passive solar)
• Natural ventilation
• Geothermal heating/cooling
• Envelope and material choices
• Increase Efficiency
• High performance lighting
• State-of-the-art mechanical systems

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Energy AtmosphereCredit 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
Renewable Energy (on site)

• Supply at least 5 of total energy use through
  renewable technologies to reduce fossil fuel use

• Types of Renewables
• Wind
• Photovoltaic
• Low impact Hydro
• Biomass / Bio-gas
• Geothermal (geyser)

of Total Points 5 1 10 2 20
3
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Materials ResourcesPrerequisite - Storage
Collection of Recyclables

• The average waste per employee is 2.9 lbs/day
• Recycling one ton of paper saves 17 trees and 3
  c. yards of landfill
• Recycled aluminum requires only 5 of the energy
  needed to produce virgin aluminum
• Recycling provides more jobs than landfilling

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Materials ResourcesPrerequisite - Storage
Collection of Recyclables

• Provide easily accessible area for separation,
  collection, and storage of materials including
• Paper
• Corrugated
• Glass
• Plastics
• Metals

Submit for LEED project plans with recycling
center indicated
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Materials ResourcesCredit 1 - Building Reuse

• Reusing shell and non-shell components reduces
• Construction waste
• Impacts of raw material extraction, manufacture,
  and transportation
• Habitat disturbance and infrastructure
  development
• First costs of construction

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Materials ResourcesCredit 2 - Construction
Waste Management

• Commercial construction generates 2 - 2.5 lbs/SF
  of solid waste
• Increased material disposal costs and more
  stringent waste regulations have made recycling
  more attractive
• Rule of thumb when landfill tipping fees exceed
  50/ton, recycling becomes cost-effective
• It is generally economically beneficial to
  recycle metals, concrete, asphalt, and cardboard

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Materials ResourcesCredit 3 - Resource Reuse

3.1 Specify salvaged/ refurbished for 5 of all
materials 3.2 Specify salvaged/ refurbished for
10 of all materials

• Salvaged materials can extend material life while
  reducing overall first costs
• Buildings use 40 of raw stone, gravel, and sand,
  and 25 of virgin wood
• Salvaged materials are often of higher quality
  and durability

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Materials ResourcesCredit 4 - Recycled Content

• LEED favors post-consumer because there is a
  greater need to stimulate post-consumer recycling
• Reuse of building materials (MR 1 3) is
  preferred over recycled materials due to
  environmental costs of collection, transport, and
  processing

• steel beams, posts, brackets
• plastic lumber decking picnic tables
• drywall
• fly-ash concrete
• floor wall tile
• carpet tiles and backing
• HVAC pad
• fiber cement siding
• cellulose insulation
• plastic turf support grid

Recycled content materials DO NOT apply to MR
1, 2, 3, 6, 7
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Materials ResourcesCredit 5 - Local/Regional
Materials
5.1 20 Manufactured Regionally (within 500
miles) manufactured refers to final assembly of
components 5.2 50 Extracted Regionally Of the
materials documented for credit 5.1, at least 50
are extracted, harvested, or recovered within 500
miles of the site
500 mile radius of Atlanta, GA
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Materials ResourcesCredit 6 -Rapidly Renewable
Materials

• Use rapidly renewable building materials and
  products for 5 of the total value of all
  building materials and products

rapidly renewable made from plants that are
typically harvested within a ten-year or shorter
cycle

• Bamboo flooring
• Cotton batt insulation
• Linoleum flooring
• Wheatgrass cabinetry
• Wool Carpet
• Cork

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Indoor Environmental QualityPrereq. 1 Minimum
IAQ Performance

• Outside air intakes should be at least 25 feet
  from possible contaminant sources
• Possible sources of contamination include
• Loading areas
• Building exhaust fans
• Cooling towers
• Street traffic
• Idling cars

• Standing water
• Parking garages
• Sanitary vents
• Dumpsters
• Smoking areas

• Emory Universitys Whitehead Building
• Desiccant wheel provides fresh, filtered and dry
  air
• Energy and water savings repaid extra cost in 4
  years

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Indoor Environmental QualityPrereq. 2
Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control

• Prohibit smoking in building and locate smoking
  areas away from doors and
• operable windows
• OR
• Designate smoking room that effectively contains,
  captures, and removes ETS
• from building
• ASHRAE Standard 129-1997
• Impermeable deck-to-deck partitions
• Negative pressure of at least 7 Pa
• Acceptable exposure in non-smoking areas is lt 1
  of tracer gas concentration in adjoining
  non-smoking areas

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Indoor Environmental Quality Credit 2 Increase
Ventilation Effectiveness

• Design ventilation system so that air change
  effectiveness (E) is greater than 90
• Comply with ASHRAE 129-1997
• Displacement ventilation
• Underfloor air distribution

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Indoor Environmental Quality Credit 2 Increase
Ventilation Effectiveness

• Displacement ventilation

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Indoor Environmental QualityCredit 4 -
Low-Emitting Materials

• 4.1 Adhesives sealants
• 4.2 Paints coatings
• 4.3 Carpets
• 4.4 Composite wood-products

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Indoor Environ. QualityCredit 5 Indoor
Chemical Pollutant Source Control

• To prevent cross-contamination of areas
• Employ permanent entryway systems to capture dirt
  
• Seperate and vent chemical usage areas
  (housekeeping and copy centers)
• Plumb drains for appropriate chemical mixing
  waste (separate janitor closets)

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Indoor Environmental QualityCredit 8 Daylight
Views

• Why Daylight?
• Saves energy
• Reduces cooling load
• Improves occupant productivity

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Indoor Environmental QualityDaylight Views -
Strategies

• Light Tubes Light Shelves
• Transmit light while reducing heat gain
• Clerestories Light Monitors
• Simulate natural sunlight by illuminating the
  ceiling and brightening the interior of the
  building
• Exterior Shading
• Prevents direct sunlight from entering
• Low-Transmittance Glass
• Prevents glare
• Interior Shading / Blinds
• Offer shading when necessary

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Indoor Environmental QualityCredit 8 Daylight
Views
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Indoor Environmental Qualitycredit 8.1
Daylight Views
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Indoor Environmental QualityCredit 8.2
Daylight Views

• Line of sight for 90 of high-occupied spaces

1.Construct line of sight geometry for each
window to show non-view areas (use wall
thickness) 2.If the view area is 90 of the room
area, the entire area counts 3.Sum the areas that
count and divide by the total regularly occupied
space area
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Innovation Design Credits

• Innovation in Design (up to 4 points)
• Topic not in LEED
• (ex educational display)
• Exceed credit by next increment
• (ex 40 water use reduction 1 innovation
  credit)
• LEED Accredited Professional 1 credit
• TOTAL up to 5 credits

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Innovation Design Credits

• Be creative
• Think outside the parameters listed in the LEED
  program. for its only the start.

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Resources
Southface http//www.southface.org US Green
Building Council httpwww.usgbc.org
LEED 2.2 Free
Download https//www.usgbc.org/FileHandling/s
how_ general_file.asp?DocumentID1095 Greenbu
ild Conference (November 9 11, 2005)
http//www.greenbuildexpo.org Greenbuild
STUDENTS CAN VOLUNTEER! http//www.usgbc.org/
Chapters/atlanta/