UNIT 1' Chapters 4, 12, 17

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UNIT 1.Chapters 4, 12, 17

• China and East Asia

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Chinas Geography

• Mountains in the west
• Create deserts inland
• Which go into fertile farmland in the east
• Wheat is primary crop in northern region
• Rice in the central and southern regions

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Role of the Rivers

• Page 78-79 Read The rivers of China
• Answer the Reading Check
• Fertile Soil
• Commercial Waterways (trading)

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Role of Isolationism

• How can being isolated be a good thing?
• READ page 79 Chinas Isolation
• Answer the Reading Check
• Lack of contact with foreign people

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5 min. movie on the Shang dynasty

• You will want to pay attention to this movie.
  After it is completed, you will have 3 minutes to
  organize notes about the Shang dynasty for
  presentation to the class.

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Shang Dynasty Assignment

• Page 83.
• 1, 2, 5
• For 5 Write at least one paragraph.

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Bell-Ringer

• Page 77.
• 1-4
• Put on same sheet of paper as the assignment for
  today.
• To be turned in after 4 minutes of class.

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Ancient China

• Many legends of the origins of the world.
• Two common ideas Creator and/or Flood
• READING CHECK Pg. 81
• Xia (shah) civilization ruled first
• Shang invaded and conquered
• KEY They could control the river better.
• Chinas first dynasty

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Shang Dynasty

• Multiple capital cities
• Used War Chariots and Bronze Weapons
• Protect against outside invaders
• Well-Organized government (bureaucracy)
• Economy based on agriculture
• Food and Silk were major
• Sign of advancement Bronze, Jade, Ivory combos
  pg. 81 pic.

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Two calendars

• Lunar Calendar
• Based on the moon
• Used for celebrations and major events
• Sun Calendar
• Used for harvest
• Good Harvest Popular Ruler
• Bad Harvest Disliked Ruler
• Priest-Scholars Very important. They created
  and managed the calendar system.

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Oracle Bones

• Combined Animism (belief that spirits inhabit
  everything) with ancestry worship
• Wrote questions applied heat either gods or
  ancestors would respond with cracks in the bone.

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The fall of the Shang

• 1050 B.C. the Zhou formed alliances with
  Shangs neighbors and overthrew the Shang.
• Why?
• Claimed the Shang were corrupt and unfit to rule
• Common justification throughout Chinese history

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Zhou Dynasty

• Ruled from 1050 B.C. until 256 B.C.
• Unique to this time
• Did not rule all the territory from a capital
  city
• Granted territories to loyal followers demanded
  a tribute and let them lead.
• Claimed to have a Mandate from Heaven
• Divine right to lead God chooses the leaders

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Chinas Dynastic Cycle

• 1) Receive Mandate from Heaven
• 2) Overthrow current rulers
• 3) Age of Growth and Prosperity
• 4) Period of Problems
• 5) Lose Mandate from Heaven
• 6) Overthrown by new rulers

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The fall of the Zhou

• READ Page 84-85
• Final Paragraph
• New Rulers Qin (chin) dynasty
• This dynasty is where the name China comes from
• Only lasted 15 years, it made dramatic changes to
  the civilizations from this part of the world

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The Qin Dynasty

• Changed leadership style to an autocracy
• The emperor holds total power (think Pharaoh)
• Silenced people who spoke out negatively
• Built a massive wall for protection from invaders
• Later dynasties added to it
• This wall became known as the Great Wall of China

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To build the wall

• Qin leaders used Forced Labor
• The people were unhappy with this
• Overthrew the government (Dynastic Cycle)
• Movie Behind the Great Wall
• Liu Bang led the overthrow
• Established the Han Dynasty

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The Han Dynasty

• Ruled for 400 years
• Had an established and well-organized Civil
  Service System
• Runs the day-to-day business of government
• READ Then and Now on pg. 87
• Used Leveling to balance prices
• Government set price controls stored during
  surplus and used during shortage

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Silk Road

• Map on page 86.
• Created out of peace no fear of attacks
• Traded with the Mediterranean region
• Used camels to trade Silk, jade, other valuables
  for gold, silver, and wool
• One other valuable ? Paper.
• Invented in China had a major impact on Europe

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• To understand others is to be wise, but to
  understand ones self is to be illuminated
  enlightened. One who overcomes others is
  strong, but he who overcomes himself is
  mighty. - anon. (Pg. 89)

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Dualism

• Yang
• Male, bright, active

• Yin
• Female, dark, passive

Yin and Yang work together in harmony create a
balance in the world
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Confucius
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Confucius / Confucianism

• 551 B.C. 479 B.C.
• Philosopher not a Theologian
• He was a thinker not a religious reformer
• His works are collected in Analects
• Three Primary Teachings of Confucianism
• Importance of Family
• Respect for Elders
• Reverence for the Past and ones Ancestors
• Everybody has a role do it to their best ability

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Laozi / Daoism

• Laozi another philosopher
• Created Daoism
• Based on the Dao ? The Way
• THREE PRIMARY TEACHINGS
• Do not seek material wealth
• Do not seek power (political)
• Appreciate nature
• Popular with the peasants who had no material
  wealth

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Hmmm

• How do school rules and laws reflect the values
  of the society?

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Legalism

• Legalists believed in power and harsh laws
• People are selfish and cannot be trusted, so a
  series of laws must exist to keep people in line.
• Confucianists preached power and virtue
• Also, that people are good

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Pages 93-95 Culture and Life
Culture A shared way of life

• Family (93)

• Economy (94)

• Science and Technology (95)

• Five Classics (94)

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• FAMILY
• The most important factor in Chinese society
• Kept Genealogies
• Father ruled the family

• ECONOMY
• Farm life was difficult
• Weather dictated success or failure
• Trade not major until the Han Dynasty (Silk Road)

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• FIVE CLASSICS
• Texts for training all civil servants and
  scholars
• Well-Educated means student of five classics and
  Analects

• SCIENCE / TECHNOLOGY
• Many advancements
• Paper, Printing, Accurate calendar, seismograph,
  sundial, dyes, medicines, acupuncture, etc.

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Sui Dynasty

• Did not rule for long
• Primary Accomplishment
• Building the Grand Canal
• Connected north and south China for the first
  time
• Map Pg. 268
• Read Pg. 267

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Tang Dynasty

• Did they expand China?
• What / Who was Xian?
• What / Who was Li Bo?
• What / Who was Du Fu?
• Who was Empress Wu?
• What / Who was Zen?
• Why were the Buddhists persecuted?

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Sung Dynasty

• Established in 960
• Weakened the military, but made great
  advancements in culture and the arts
• Mongols from north forced Sung to pay large
  tribute for peace this brought troubles for Sung
• New Trade good Porcelain
• Art Focus Landscape paintings (Dao - nature)

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Sung continued

• Inventions
• Turned gunpowder from just fireworks into weapon
• Trebuchet
• First known printed book (ever) Diamond Sutra

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Sung continued

• Changes in Farming
• Improvement in farming methods
• Two harvests of rice per year
• Better irrigation
• New Taxes
• Harder to survive had to sell land and rent it
  back
• In the Cities
• READ 3 paragraphs on page 271

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Footbinding

• Form of beauty and social status.

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• The next picture is of a womans foot without
  having a shoe on. It may be a little
  discomforting for some. You do not have to look
  at it if you do not wish to. If you wish to step
  into the hall, you may.

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The Mongols

• Lived north of China (Mongolia)
• Skilled warriors
• Horseback Able to fire arrows accurately
• Surround an enemy and killed them
• As they advanced, they increased military
  technology
• Fiercest leader Genghis Khan
• Universal Ruler

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The Khans

• Genghis Grandfather to
• Kublai Khan ? Conquered all of China
• Batu ? Extended into Europe
• Map 273
• Batus Army
  was called the
  Golden Horde

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Yuan Dynasty

• Conquered the Sung
• Begun by Kublai Khan
• Blended Mongol ways with the Chinese Culture
• Major period of Growth and Prosperity
• Extended time of peace
• Improved communication and trade

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Yuan Dynasty

• During this dynasty, Marco Polo explored into
  China
• Spent years living in China
• Wrote about his experiences and many Europeans
  did not believe his stories
• READ Quote on 275

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Fall of the Yuan Dynasty

• Kublai Khan dies in 1294.
• He was able to keep Mongol/Chinese peace.
• His successors could not.
• READ 2nd to last paragraph on page 275

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Fridays Assignment 26 points

• Page 791 (2)
• Page 881 (3)
• Page 921,2 (7)
• Page 951,2 (3)
• Page 96UMI-1,7,8,9 RT-1 BSSS 1,2
• (5) (3) (3)

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Difference in Isolationism

• READ The Physical Setting (Pg. 276)
• How was the geography that isolated Japan
  different from the geography that isolated China?

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Japan

• Japanese migrated from mainland China
• Formed clans
• Religion was important.
• Shinto the way of the kami
• Kami nature spirits that are in everything

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Yamato Clan

• For all of Japans history, probably only one
  imperial family has reigned the Yamato clan.
• China had a strong influence in Japan until 800
  A.D.
• Became proud Nationalists
• Lady Murasaki (Shikibu) wrote the worlds first
  novel The Tale of Genji

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The new Japan

• Based on the Feudal System
• System based on loyalty to those above and
  respect for those below
• Similar to Kings / Dukes / Knights / Peasants
• PAGE 279.
• Emperor ? Shogun ? Daimyo ? Samurai ? Peasants

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Vocabulary

• Shogun General
• Daimyo Local lords
• Samurai Warriors
• Bushido Way of the Samurai
• Stressed honor, bravery, and loyalty
• Seppuku Honorable suicide
• Pg. 278 ? Training to become a Samurai

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Japanese Culture

• READ final paragraph on Japan page 280.
• Noh Theater
• Masks only worn by main character
• 5 Characters
• Men, Women, Gods, Demons, Elderly
• Zen Buddhism

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KOREA

• Chinese migrants settled the Korean Peninsula
  beginning in 300 B.C.
• History of warfare

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• United in 670A.D. by the Silla clan
• 935 A.D. Koryo overthrew the Silla
• Koryo Korea
• 1200-1392 Mongol control
• 1392-1910 Yi Dynasty
• 1910- Japan annexed it

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Korean Culture

• Much of the early Korean culture came from
  Chinese influence until the Koryans took control.
• One major split Korean Alphabet ordered to be
  created in the 1400s

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Indochina

• Land that today makes up
• Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar (Burma),
  Thailand (Siam), Vietnam
• China had a major influence on this region
• India, too, but not as much as China
• Depending on the country
• Religion, Leadership style, Language,
  Architechture, etc.

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Angkor Wattemple in Cambodia
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Chapter 12 Review Assignment

• Pg. 275 1 (5)
• Pg. 276 Reading Check (2)
• Pg. 283 1 (5)
• Pg. 284 RT 1 (3)
• Pg. 285 1,3,4 (5)

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Ming Dynasty

• Ming Brilliant
• Early Ming Dynasty China had the most skilled
  sailors in the world
• Much more accomplished than the Europeans
• Overthrew the Mongolswanted to rid China of all
  Mongol influences.

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Back to Confucianism

• Confucianism had four classes
• Scholar-Gentry
• Educated
• Farmers
• Produced the food paid the taxes
• Artisans
• Made objects
• Merchants
• Sold others work for their profits

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The Northern Frontier

• Nomadic invaders still came from the north
• Mongols and other tribes
• Ming leaders had to decide between exploring and
  trading or protecting the frontier.
• They chose to protect the frontier
• Strengthened the Great Wall of China
• Gave away land to people willing to move
• Bribed nomadic tribes for loyalty

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Qing Dynasty ? 1644 1912

• Began in Manchuria (Tribes united and called
  themselves manchu)
• Map on page 415
• READ fourth paragraph on page 414

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Qing Economy

• Trading improved
• Regions would specialize in created a good
• Weaving cloth / silk, Making paper, etc.

Qing Society

• Growth of cities ? growth of culture
• Philologists people who studied the history of
  literature and language
• Family remained very important
• Male is still head of the household

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The Fall of the Qing

• Population growth because of surplus food and
  period of peace
• More people are moving to cities
• Government became very corrupt (took bribes for
  government contracts)
• 1796 Buddhists rebel (White Lotus Rebellion).
• More rebellions followed Some influenced by
  Europeans
• Qing dynasty in sharp decline after the 1850s