Hidden Local Symmetry and Correlations of Nucleons in Nuclear Matter

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Hidden Local Symmetry and Correlations of
Nucleons in Nuclear Matter

• Ji-sheng Chen
• Phys. Dep. Institue Of Particle Phys. , CCNU,
• Wuhan 430079
• With P.-F Zhuang (Tsinghua Univ.) ,
• J.-R Li(CCNU) and M. Jin (Tsinghua Univ.)

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Contents

• Motivation
• Correlations
• a. Superfluidity with screening effects
• b. Novel EM interactions on the correlations of
  nucleons in nuclear matter with Proca Lagrangrian
  
• 3. Conclusions and prospects

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1. Motivation

• Phase transtion
• changes of symmetry is the central topic of
  physics (nuclear physics, condensed physics, high
  energy etc.)
• Vacuum physics attracts much attention.
• Heavy ion collisions goalHigh T/? Physics,
• Medium effects?

Many-body Physics?
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EOS and pairing correlationa hot topic in
temporary physics

• Full description of Nuclear Matter Phase diagram
• Astrophysics
• Heavy ion collisions
• Widely discussed in the literature and attract
  much attention.
• Conclusion can not be made up to now!

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2a, Screening effects on 1S0 correlation
J.-S Chen, P.-F Zhuang and J.-R Li,
Nucl-th/0309033, Phys. Lett.B 585, 85 (2004),
Crucial interaction potential medium dependent
induced by polarization
Inspired by Phys.Lett. B445 (1999) 254, with
the proposal by R. Rapp et al., in-medium bonn
potential, Phys.Rev.Lett. 82 (1999)
1827. Polarization effects are discussed within
the original version of quantum
hadrodynamics(QHD).
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Superfluidity in nuclear mattera longstanding
issue

• Bohr, B.R. Mottelson, and D. Pines, Phys. Rev.
  110, 936 (1958) to interpret some puzzles in
  nuclear theory.
• Qualitatively or quantitatively, not unique yet!
• Various approaches tried and gave quite different
  results
• standard but non-relativistic,
• J. Decharge and D. Gogny, Phys. Rev. C 21, 1568
  (1980).
• Relativistic continuous field theory,
• H. Kucharek and P. Ring, Z. Phys. A 339, 23
  (1991).
• Attention
• A,Quite unacceptable numerical results of
  superfluidity with frozen meson propagators.
• B,Screening effects widely discussed within the
  frame of nonrelativistic frame!

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2b, Broken U(1) EM symmetry related with LG phase
transition and breached pairing(NN, NP)
strengthsnucl-th/0402022,J.-S Chen, J.-R Li
and M. Jin,An improved version will be
accessible soon.
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Motivation

• The unrealistic and very uncomfortable non-zero
  gaps at zero baryon density with QHD existed in
  the literature
• Anderson-Higgs mechanism and electric-weak
  theory, super-symmetry theory
• The quite different negative scattering lengths
  of nucleons!

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Framework relativistic nuclear field theory
(QHD), a good one to discuss symmetry physics

• QHD hidden Chiral symmetry (QCD characteristic?
  the parametric description of residual strong
  interaction between nucleons)
• G.-E Brown et al., NPA596(1996) 503 G. Gelmini
  et al., PLB 357 (1995) 431.
• How about weak EM symmetry?
• Important non-saturating coulomb interaction
  role on the EOS?
• Multi-canonical formalism Phys.Rev.Lett. 91
  (2003) 202701, argued the theoretical background
  needs to be explored.

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Why?

• Not-empty of realistic ground state with mean
  field theory approach! Nonzero electric charge of
  protons and charged clusters
• Infrared singularity of photon propagator even
  with Fock exchange term
• point-like interaction model(s) Furry
  theorems limit direct Hartree contribution can
  not be included, theoretically!
• Empirically, quite different negative scattering
  lengths with Charge Breaking Symmetry (CSB)
  between various nucleons
• (Phys.Rev. C69 (2004) 054317)

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How?Constructed a Proca-like model

• Lagrangian (not Maxwell EM formalism?) with a
  parametric photon mass

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Effective potential, EOSmean field theory
approximation
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EOS for charged nuclear matter in Heavy Ion
Collision
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Coulomb Compression Modulus The fraction ratio
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For charge neutralized
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Solid limit for photon parameter mass
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Physical understanding for photon mass?

• Just for the parametric description of EM
  interaction? EM interaction is mixed with other
  residual strong ones.
• Deep reasoning responsible for the nucleon
  structure. EM field is mixed with gluon etc. and
  obtains virtual mass?
• Infrared singularity gluon condensation,
  confinement. In deed, how to appropriately
  dispose proton is a puzzle to some extent even in
  standard model.

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Powerful if done like so

• EM breaking (U(1) electric charge symmetry
  Breaking CSB) SU(2) isospin breaking. They
  should be taken into account simultaneously.
• There is some kind competition between them for
  phase space distribution function deformation-
  (corresponding to supercharge)!
• The former dominates over the latter!
• Weak interaction is strong in many-body
  environment.
• Not important for bulk EOS property, but
  important for transport coefficients and affects
  the relevant flows!

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Relevant topics

• Strongly coupling electrons correlations. Not
  Trivial screening effects!
• QGP, How to solve the Puzzle?
• hep-ph/0307267
• Edward V. Shuryak, Ismail Zahed,
• Rethinking the Properties of the Quark-Gluon
  Plasma at T\sim T_c? (quasiparticles into pair
  mesons or color electric clusters attractive
  Color Coulomb Yukawa force)
• hep-th/0310031
• Edward V. Shuryak, Ismail Zahed
• Spin-Spin and Spin-Orbit Interactions in Strongly
  Coupled Gauge Theories
• G.E. Brown et al.s
• Non-perturbative characteristic as well as
  many-body physics

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• Compact star as Type-I superconductor, PRL 92,
  151102 (2004).
• Rule completely the magnetic field out of the
  star!
• Locally electric charged stars? Vortex phenomena?
• (Hottest topic in astroparticle physics and
  condensed matter physics)

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• J. Ekman et al., The hitherto overlooked
  electromagnetic spin-orbit term is shown to play
  a major role
• Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 132502 (2004)
  (experimentally)
• (Very difficult to analyze with nonrelativistic
  nuclear theory.)
• Lasting and interesting
• 1S0 Proton and Neutron Superfluidity in
  beta-stable Neutron Star Matter W. Zuo et al.,
  nucl-th/0403026,
• The three-body force has only a small effect on
  the neutron 1S0 pairing gap, but it suppresses
  strongly the proton 1S0 superfluidity in
  \beta-stable neutron star matter. The CSB
  effects.

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3.Conclusions and Prospects

• 1.Superfluidity with screening effects
• Improving the description for the nuclear matter
  property
• Significantly at ?0?
• polarizationfluctuation effects suppress the
  pairing gaps by a fact of 34
• A. Schwenk, B. Friman and G.E. Brown with other
  approaches
• PRL92,082501(2004),
• NPA 713, 191(2003),703, 745 (2003) etc.
• 2. Proca-like QHD
• Apply into finite nuclei structure or neutron
  star structure esp. the mirror-nuclei would give
  many interesting results (tensor or spin-orbit
  force).
• 3. liquid-gas phase transition and different gaps
  can be seen as the fingerprint of the
  spontaneously U(1) gauge symmetry within the
  framework?

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Highlightsmany-body physics

• a, CSB should be taken into account properly
  (models or approaches) within the frame of
  continuous field theory
• b,fluctuations and correlations weak
  interactions may lead to richful phase structure
  for hot and dense systemquantum Hall effects,
  Landau levels...
• c, For QGP, if really produced as argued, how
  about the phase structure in this special phase
  near the critical temperature regime. Viscosity
  coefficients?
• (multi-components system)?

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• Comments welcome to
• Chenjs_at_iopp.ccnu.edu.cn

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Thank You!