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Poverty Reduction Strategies and Environment in Viet Nam

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Title: Poverty Reduction Strategies and Environment in Viet Nam


1
Poverty Reduction Strategies and Environment in
Viet Nam
  • Dr Truong Manh Tien
  • Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

2
Structure of the presentation
  • Summary conclusions
  • Social economic development planning in Viet Nam
  • The interim-PRSP
  • The CPRGS Millennium Development Goals
  • Three key strategies compared
  • Further social economic development planning
  • Advocacy and learning on poverty-environment
    links
  • Introduction to the Viet Nam Poverty -
    Environment Initiative

3
1. Summary conclusions
  • Formulation of Poverty Reduction Strategies
    important for strengthened cooperation between
    Ministries and partnership with donors
  • Mutual trust and openness increased on all sides
  • Many opportunities for inclusion of environmental
    concerns in social-economic development
    strategies and plans
  • Viet Nam Development Goals, based on the
    Millennium Development Goals were important
  • Advocacy works differently in Viet Nam
  • Many sustainable development goals, targets and
    indicators, but more is needed and happening

4
2. Social economic development planning in Viet
Nam
  • Following various consultations and studies
  • Social Economic Development Strategy (SEDS)
    2001-2010.
  • Social Economic Development Plan 2001-2005
  • And, for example
  • Hunger Eradication and Poverty Reduction Strategy
    2001-2010
  • National Strategy for Environmental Protection
    (NSEP) until 2010 and vision toward 2020
  • Strategic Orientation for Sustainable Development
    (Viet Nam Agenda21)

5
3. The interim-PRSP
  • Over the period of preparing the SEDS 2001-2010
    the Government and donors worked on the
    interim-PRSP (final in 2001).
  • Three new things
  • The 1993 1998 Viet Nam Household Living
    Standard surveys showed the trends of growth and
    poverty reduction (done with technical
    assistance)
  • Participatory Poverty Assessments (PPAs) in 1999
    in 4 provinces helped understanding the causes of
    poverty and local perceptions of poverty (a
    collaborative effort)
  • Successful informal discussions between officials
    from several Ministries and the international
    community

6
4. The CPRGS Millennium Development Goals
  • The Government created an Inter Ministerial
    Working Group (IMWG) for formulating a full
    PRSP, the Comprehensive Poverty Reduction and
    Growth Strategy (CPRGS) in 2001
  • In 2001 8 joint working groups Vietnamised the
    Millennium Development Goals and Targets into
    VDGs, which became central to the CPRGS. This
    included a paper on environmental goals, some of
    which have clear links to poverty reduction.
  • There were more (informal) meetings with the
    international community
  • There were local consultations on the draft CPRGS
    in early 2002, following PPA methodology (again,
    a collaborative effort)

7
4. The CPRGS Millennium Development Goals
(continued)
  • The CPRGS was approved in 2002 and has a lifespan
    of three years. It is the basis for further
    drawing rights of on loan facilities of the World
    Bank and IMF.
  • Endorsement by other donors the CPRGS has
    encouraged other aid.
  • Positive reception by the international business
    community the CPRGS is a key factor in rising
    Foreign Direct Investment
  • The Prime Ministers preface to the CPRGS shows
    that this strategy is seen as an action plan
  • Implementation is overseen by the IMWG
  • A CPRGS progress report in 2003 was based on
    analysis of the third survey of household
    expenditure data (2002) and PPAs in 12 provinces

8
4. The CPRGS Millennium Development Goals
(continued)
  • The CPRGS goals, targets and indicators on
    poverty reduction environment nexus are about
    .
  • Forestry, e.g. for livelihoods of ethnic
    minorities
  • Urban housing, for prevention of slums
  • Urban waste water, with impact on health
  • Solid waste, to reduce health risks
  • Water and air pollution, to reduce health risks
  • Water supply and environmental sanitation
  • Individual and collective land-use rights of
    ethnic minorities, for food security and
    livelihoods
  • Names of husband and wife on land-use
    certificates
  • Access to electricity and irrigation water for
    poor communes, for livelihoods and food security

9
5. Three key strategies compared
  • CPRGS NSEP Viet Nam Agenda 21
  • Highly consistent no contradictions.
  • People are central in all three
  • CPRGS is about growth poverty is broader
  • NSEP Viet Nam Agenda 21
  • Focus on environmental sustainability
  • Propose economic instruments for incentives to
    protect the environment and economic growth
  • Promote investments (e.g. in water supply) and
    technologies (e.g. sustainable agriculture) as
    the main ways to improve environmental
    sustainability and reduce poverty
  • The CPRGS stresses popular participation in ME
    and enhancing grassroots democracy the others
    talk of mobilisation of the community, but do
    not links to legislation on grassroots democracy

10
6. Further social economic development planning
  • Key aspects of the i-PRSP and CPRGS processes are
    being adopted in the formulation of the national
    Social Economic Development Plan 2006-2010
    cooperation between Ministries, partnership with
    donors, local consultations
  • The main goals, targets and indicators in the
    CPRGS were ambitious and are likely to be
    maintained, including environment-poverty goals
  • Important initiatives announced in the Viet Nam
    Agenda21 and NSEP are also expected to be
    reflected, including developing environmentally
    friendly economic instruments and new
    environmental legislation

11
7. Advocacy and learning on poverty-environment
links
  • Advocacy is somewhat different in Viet Nam
  • Popular consultation for strategy formulation and
    development planning through the Communist Party
    and different levels of government, with social
    (mass) organisations
  • Public debate is increasingly enabled by the
    media
  • Members of the National Assembly and (locally)
    the Peoples Councils represent citizens
  • Knowledgeable people influence policy processes
    through informal networks
  • VN-NGOs are emerging and were at the Earth Summit
    in 2002, but do not yet relate much to policy
    processes.

12
7. Advocacy and learning on poverty-environment
links (continued)
  • Learning and awareness raising is key
  • Amongst the public and officials
  • Concrete Poverty-Environment links must serve as
    the basis for learning and awareness raising
    through applied research of past successes,
    lessons and models are being formulated
  • Most models focus on sustainable primary
    production and livelihood development, including
    an eco-village model and innovations on the
    VAC farming model (garden, pond, livestock).

13
8. Introduction to the Viet Nam Poverty -
Environment Initiative
  • UNDP MoNRE a Poverty-Environment Project
  • US3.45million, with PEI and other funds,
    US250,000 in-kind from the GoVN
  • From late 2004, for 4 years
  • Project aim
  • to strengthen Government capacity to integrate
    environment and poverty reduction goals into
    policy frameworks for sustainable development.

14
8. Introduction to the Viet Nam Poverty -
Environment Initiative (continued)
  • Component 1
  • Policy Analysis, Monitoring and Advocacy
  • Output 1.1 Improved knowledge and awareness
    within government and civil society of barriers,
    capacities and opportunities for natural resource
    use and environmental protection to contribute to
    national goals, targets and strategies for
    poverty reduction and sustainable development.
  • Output 1.2 Strengthened institutional capacity
    to monitor and report on poverty-environment
    indicators and outcomes, and use those data
    effectively.

15
8. Introduction to the Viet Nam Poverty -
Environment Initiative (continued)
  • Component 2
  • Policy Development and Implementation
  • Output 2.1 Strengthened institutional mechanisms
    and capacity to integrate poverty reduction and
    environmental concerns into development policy
    and planning frameworks (i) across MONRE, MPI
    and sector Ministries (ii) between MONRE and
    DONREs and (iii) across Provincial departments.
  • Output 2.2 Strengthened capacity in MONRE to set
    strategic priorities and develop policy and legal
    instruments that encourage environmental
    protection and natural resource use and support
    poverty reduction and improved equality.

16
8. Introduction to the Viet Nam Poverty -
Environment Initiative (continued)
  • Component 3
  • Sector Coordination and Partnerships
  • Output 3.1 Strengthened institutional capacity
    of MONRE to coordinate donor support within a
    programmatic framework, regarding natural
    resource use and environmental protection, and
    links to poverty reduction.
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