AVIATION EMISSIONS AND EMISSIONS TRADING Tim Johnson Director, AEF

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AVIATION EMISSIONS AND EMISSIONS TRADINGTim
JohnsonDirector, AEF

• www.aef.org.uk

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The Aviation Environment Federation (AEF)The
AEF is the principal environmental association in
the United Kingdom concerned specifically with
all the environmental and amenity effects of
aviation.  Established in 1975, its membership
comprises over 100 organisations representing
local planning authorities, residents' groups,
amenity and environmental organisations and
others.Actively works with industry,
government, the European Commission and
Parliament, and ECAC. The International
Coalition for Sustainable Aviation
(ICSA)Founded in 1998Comprises international
non-governmental organisations working in the
field of aviation environmental
protectionActive participation in ICAO and CAEP
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Unclear starting point, but long-term objective
is unambiguous
Source Tyndall Centre, U.K., 2007
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• Accept and support operational and technological
  improvements but
• Can it be delivered at the required pace?
• Do we have the right incentives to get it into
  the fleet quickly?

Source Tyndall Centre, U.K., 2007
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Support for common global action, but Outcome
of 36th ICAO Assembly, 18-28 Sept 2007GIACC
Group on International Aviation and Climate
Change Aims to deliver an implementation
framework of economically efficient and
technologically feasible strategies/measures for
states, encompassing - voluntary measures -
effective dissemination of technological advances
in aircraft and ground-equipment - more
efficient operational measures - improvements in
air traffic management - positive economic
incentives, and - market-based measuresBut no
target or goal, other than the potential for an
aspirational fuel-efficiency parameter
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Within this framework it is possible for states
to take varying degrees of action on different
timetables consistent with the principle of
common but differentiated responsibilities.But
does this mean a common global approach is
possible?Role for UNFCCC? Competing or
complimentary?
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Worst case scenario for 2010 ICAO/GIACC
facilitates a regionally-driven approach without
ensuring equivalence between action, but too late
in post-Bali talks for UNFCCC to react. Maintains
the status quo.Good for industry? A growing
industry in a carbon constrained world needs
full access to carbon markets (current climate
framework limits this potential)
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Policy Test - Environmental objective for policy
in line with current and future EU climate
targets (- 8 below 1990 by 2012 (Kyoto) - gt30
below 1990 by 2020) Implications for aviations
inclusion in the ETS? A weak ETS that does not
achieve the above objectives will only increase
the pressure for other regulatory and fiscal
instruments in parallel. Policy Test - Policy
must address the full climate impact of
aviation. Policy Test - Full internalisation of
climate costs based on the polluter-pays
principle to strengthen incentives to invest in
cleaner technology and to reduce emissions.
Implications for aviations inclusion in the
ETS? Preference for full auctioning of permits
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So support for EU ETS but pushing for- More
stringent cap - More auctioning (revenues?)-
Treatment of non-CO2 effects Options for a
Commission proposal for NOx 1. An LTO NOx
charge, with/without distance factor. 2. A NOx
and route charge. 3. LTO NOx emission
standards, either issued by the EU or by ICAO.
4. Multiplier on aviation CO2 in the EU ETS.
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Overview of the challenges1. Need to include
emissions from international aviation in any
post-2012 international climate treaty framework
current situation is fuelling the industrys
perception that it is being unfairly targeted
despite accounting for 2 of carbon emissions
globally.2. What can airports do?