CGE Greenhouse Gas Inventory Hands-on Training Workshop INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES SECTOR

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CGEGreenhouse Gas Inventory Hands-on Training
Workshop INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES SECTOR
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SECTION AIPCC 1996GL Approach and Steps

• Definition of IP sector activities
• Differentiating non-energy and energy related
  emissions
• IPCC source and sub-source categories or
  disaggregation
• Estimation methods 
• Choice of methods
• Choice of activity data
• Choice of default emission factors
• Tools facilitating choice of EF and reporting
• IPCC emission factor database (EFDB)
• Tools facilitating reporting

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SECTION BGPG2000 Approach and Steps

• Good practice principles
• Choice of methods Tier structure and selection
  criteria
• GPG2000 potential key sources and decision trees

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SECTION C Problems Using IPCC 1996GLGPG2000
Options/Suggested Approaches

• Difficulty in disaggregation of Country relevant
  Sources
• Activity Data (AD) Collection and confidential
  business information (CBI)
• Emissions Estimation methods and Reporting
• Inappropriateness of Stoichiometric ratios as EFs
• Lack of Emission Factors (2)
• Lack of AD and EFs

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SECTION C Problems Using IPCC 1996GLand
Recommendations

• Other specific issues and
• Use of notation keys in reporting Tables 1 2
• Activity data collection and reporting
• Institutional arrangements
• Recommended capacity building

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SECTION DIPCC 1996GL Source Category Specific
Problems of AD and EF

• GPG2000 Options

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SECTION EInventory Quality Improvement and
Uncertainty Reduction

• GPG2000 Approach QA/QC

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SECTION ARevised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories(IPCC
1996GL)INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES SECTOR

• Approach and Steps

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IPCC 1996GL Approach and StepsDefinition of IP
Sector Activities

• Non-energy related physical and chemical
  processes in production activities leading to
  transformation of raw materials and emissions of
  GHG (e.g. decomposition reactions)
• Non-energy uses (NEU) of feedstock in process
  reactions or stage processes that do not only
  release heat but also act predominantly as
  reducing agent (e.g. metallurgical coke in the
  smelting of ores in metal production)

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IPCC 1996GL Approach and Steps Definition of IP
Sector Activities

• Feedstock delivered to petrochemical plants and
  used for manufacture of other products and not
  for energy purposes (e.g. use of natural gas or
  other fossils in the manufacture of ammonia)
• Production-related emissions NOT classified under
  IP but under energy sector are GHGs released from
  fuel combustion of feedstock in production
  activities as sources of energy / form of energy
  (i.e. heat, process steam or electricity
  generation).

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IPCC 1996GL Approach and StepsDifferentiating
non-energy and energy related emissions in IPCC
1996GL Vol.3

• Cement production section 2.3.1
• Lime production , 2.4.1
• Soda ash production and use 2.6.1
• Ammonia production 2.8.1 and 2.8.2
• Silicon carbide 2.11.1
• Calcium carbide 2.11.2
• Iron and steel 2.13.3.2
• Ferro alloys 2.13.5.1
• Aluminium 2.13.5.1

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Illustration of Non-Energy and Energy Related
EmissionsIPCC 1996GL Vol. 3 (Reference Manual)

• Differentiation of Non-Energy and Energy Related
  Emissions in IP sector

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IPCC 1996GL Approach and StepsIPCC Source and
Sub-source Categories or Disaggregation

• Tools for classification
• The IPCC inventory software (electronic version
  of IPCC worksheet)
• Emission factor database (EFDB)

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Illustration with EFDB and Software

• IPCC 1996GL Sources and Sub-source
  Categories/Disaggregation

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GHGs from IP sector (a) CO2, CH4, N2O (b) HFCs,
PFCs, SF6 (c) SO2,CO, NOx, NMVOCs

• Relevant source categories
• (ref. software long summary)

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IPCC 1996GL Approach and StepsGeneral Estimation
Methodology

• General equation
• TOTALij AD j x EF ij
• where
• TOTAL ij process emission (tonne) of gas i from
  industrial sector j
• AD j amount of activity or production of
  process material (activity data) in industrial
  sector j (tonne/yr)
• EF ij emission factor (EF) associated with gas
  i per unit of activity in industrial sector j
  (tonne/tonne)

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IPCC 1996GL Approach and StepsChoice of Methods

• For certain industrial processes, more than one
  estimation methodology is presented. These are
• Simplified approach referred to as Tier 1
• More detailed methodology referred to as Tier 2

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IPCC 1996GL Approach and StepsChoice of Methods

• Several options are also provided for certain
  industrial processes under Tier 1, such as Tier
  1a, 1b, 1c based on data availability and
  suitability of methods
• Order of preference for Tier 1 methods 1a gt 1b
  gt1c
• Encourages country-specific methods, documented
  and adequately referenced

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IPCC 1996GL Approach and StepsSample tiers by
Sub-source Categories

• 2B1 Ammonia production (CO2)
• Tier 1a AD as natural gas consumption (m3) and
  EF (kgC/m3)
• Tier 1b AD as ammonia production (tonnes) and
  EF (tonne CO2/tonne NH3)
• 2C5 Calcium Carbide Production (CO2)
• T1a Consumption of petroleum coke (tonnes) and
  EF (tonne C/tonne Coke type)
• T1b Production of carbide

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IPCC 1996GL Approach and StepsTiers by
Sub-source Categories

• 2C Metal production (Iron and Steel, Al,
  Ferro-alloys)
• Tier 1a Consumption of reducing agent (tonnes)
  and EF (tonne C/tonne reducing agent)
• Tier 1b Production of the metal (tonnes) and
  EF (tonne CO2/tonne metal)

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IPCC 1996GL Approach and Steps Tiers by
Sub-source Categories

• PFCs from aluminum production
• Tier 1a Direct plant emissions data
• Tier 1b Estimation based on plant measurements
  and empirical estimation
• Tire 1c Based on aluminium production (tonnes)
  and default emission factor (kg/tonne Al)

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IPCC 1996GL Approach and Steps Tiers by
Sub-source Categories

• 2F HCFC manufacture (HFC-23 release)
• Tier 1 AD (total production in tonnes) and
  Default EF ( of total production)
• Tier2 Direct emissions from plant specific
  measurements using standard methods
• 2E Consumption of ODS substitutes (HFCs, PFCs
  and SF6)
• Tire 1a and Tier b Potential emissions
• Tier 2 Actual emissions

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IPCC 1996GL Approach and StepsChoice of Activity
Data

• Plant level measurements or direct emissions
  reports with documented methodologies
• Where direct measurements are not available,
  estimations are based on calculation with
  plant-specific data

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IPCC 1996GL Approach and StepsChoice of Activity
Data

• International data sets (United Nations data sets
  and Industry associations)
• National databases where available from
  appropriate government ministries (e.g.
  statistics services, environment ministry, etc.)
• Standard production statistics from national
  statistical publications

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IPCC 1996GL Approach and StepsChoice of Default
Emission Factors

• Process-reaction-based EFs (stoichiometric
  ratios)
• Production-based emission factors
• Technology-specific emission factors
• Reported country-/region-specific plant-level
  measurements
• IPCC emission factors database, a summary for
  process-reaction-based and technology-based EFs

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Illustrate Use of Emission Factor Database (EFDB)
for IP Sector

• IPCC 1996GL Approach and Steps

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Comparability of IPCC Technology-based Default EF
and GPG2000 Plant-level EF

• The Case of Aluminium Production Inventory in
  Ghana

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Good Practice Activity Data(Plant-level EF based
on Tier 1a method)
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Consumption of Reducing Agent (Anode carbon)
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Net Carbon Consumption
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Comparability of Good Practice (Plant level and
IPCC default)
Process parameter Country-specific (plant level Tier 2) 7-year average IPCC default including baking emissions (5)
Net carbon consumption assuming 98 purity of anode carbon (tonne C/tonne) 0.445
Emission factor(tonne CO2/tonne Al) 1.63 1.58
difference 3.5
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Emissions Estimating and Reporting Use of IPCC
GHG Inventory Software

• IPCC 1996GL Approach and Steps

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Reporting TablesLong Summary and Short
Summary(Reference IPCC GHG Inventory Software)
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SECTION B Good Practice Guidance and
Uncertainty Management in NationalGreenhouse Gas
Inventories (GPG2000)INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
SECTOR

• Approach and Steps

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GPG2000 Approach and StepsGood Practice
Principles

• To produce GHG inventories that neither
  overestimate nor underestimate emissions so far
  as can be judged based on the principle of TCCCA,
  namely
• Transparency Consistency over time
• Completeness, Comparability,
• Accuracy

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GPG2000 Approach and StepsGood Practice
Principles

• To use limited resources more efficiently for key
  sources
• To reduce levels of uncertainty
• To improve reporting and documentation
• To apply quality assurance and quality control
  (QA/QC) and improve transparency

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GPG2000 Approach and StepsChoice of Methods

• Identifies potential IP sector key source
  categories
• Provides decision-tree analysis for the selected
  sources
• Describes source-category-specific good practice
  methods in adapting IPCC 1996GL to
  country-specific circumstances

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GPG2000 Approach and StepsChoice of Methods

• Defines tier numbers for alternative names of
  (unnumbered) methods described in IPCC 1996GL
• Provides Good Practice Guidance for various tier
  levels of assessment (Tier 1, 2, 3) for selected
  source categories

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GPG2000 Approach and StepsGPG2000 Potential Key
Sources Identified

• 2A1 CO2 Emissions from Cement Production
• 2A2 CO2 Emissions from Lime Production
• 2C1 CO2 Emissions from the Iron and Steel
  Industry
• 2B3 2B4 N2O Emissions from Adipic Acid and
  Nitric Acid Production
• 2C3 PFCs Emissions from Aluminum Production
• 2C4 Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) emissions from
  Magnesium Production
• 2E1 HFC-23 Emissions from HCFC-22 Manufacture

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GPG2000 Approach and StepsGPG2000 Potential Key
Sources Identified

• 2F(1-5) Emissions from Substitutes for Ozone
  Depleting Substances (ODS substitutes for HFCs
  and PFCs used in refrigeration, air-conditioning,
  foam blowing, fire extinguishers, aerosols,
  solvents )
• 2F7 SF6 Emissions from Electrical Equipment
• 2F8 SF6 Emissions from Other Sources of SF6
• 2E3 SF6 Emissions from Production of SF6
• 2F6 PFC, HFC, and SF6 Emissions from
  Semiconductor Manufacturing

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GPG2000 Approach and Steps Decision Trees, and
Selection Criteria for Methods and Structured
Tier Levels
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GPG2000 Approach and Steps Decision Trees, and
SelectionCriteria for Methods and Tier Levels
2A1 Cement production CO2 Figure 3.1 pg 3.11
2C1 Iron and Steel Production (CO2) Figure 3.2 pg 3.21
2B1 2B2 Nitric Acid and Adipic Acid (NO2) 2C1 Aluminum production (PFC) Figure 3.4 pg 3.32 Figure 3.5 pg 3.40
2C Use of SF6 in magnesium production (SF6) Figure 3.6 pg 3.49
2E 2F ODS Substitutes Figure 3.11 pg 3.80
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GPG2000 Approach and Steps Sample Illustrations
of Tier Level Methods in Adapting IPCC 1996GL
Based onNational Circumstances

• Reference Annex 3, Table 3 of the IP Handbook

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SECTION C Review of Problems Encountered in
Using IPCC 1996GL andGPG2000 Options
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Potential Problems in Preparing IP Sector
Inventory

• Difficulty in disaggregation of country relevant
  sources into IPCC categories, particularly
  sub-source categories not listed in IPCC 1996GL

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Mapping National Industry Classification with
IPCC Source Categories
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Potential problems in preparing IP Sector
inventoryActivity Data Collection and CBI

• Direct reporting of emissions without AD and/or
  EF to national institutions responsible for data
  collection because of confidential business
  information (CBI)

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Potential problems in preparing IP Sector
inventoryEmissions Estimation Methods and
Reporting

• The reporting of industrial process emissions
  from non-energy use (NEU) of feedstock produced
  in combination with fuel combustion under Energy
  Sector due to the difficulty in differentiation
  and possible double counting of CO2
• Direct plant-level measurement and reporting of
  industrial process emissions of CO2 from chemical
  processes or stage processes in combination with
  fuel combustion emissions from energy uses of
  feedstock (e.g. CO2 emissions from CaCO3
  decomposition and metallurgical coke oxidation in
  Solvay process)

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Potential problems in preparing IP Sector
inventory Inappropriateness of
StoichiometricRatios as EFs

• Where technology-specific or plant-level data are
  not available, EF(D) are based on stoichiometric
  ratios of process reactions.

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Potential problems in preparing IP Sector
inventory Lack of Emission Factors (2)

• Lack of development of plant-level EFs, which
  leads to the estimation of EFs based on top-down
  ratios calculated as
• EF Emissions/Aggregate AD.

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IPCC 1996GL source-category-specific problems
GPG2000 Tier 1 Good Practice Options

• Sample Source Category Estimations
• 2.A.1 Cement Production
• 2.A.2 Lime Production
• 2.A.1 Limestone and Dolomite Use
• 2.C.1 Iron and Steel
• Reference Table 2 IP Handbook

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Other Specific Problems Encountered in the Use
ofIPCC 1996GL

• Suggested Approaches/Options

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Potential problems in preparing IP Sector
inventoryNotation Keys in Reporting Tables 1 2

• Inappropriate use and/or limited use of notation
  keys (NO, NE, NA, IE, NE) in UNFCCC reporting
  Table 1 and Table 2.

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Completeness and Transparency in Reporting
Use of Notation Keys

• NO (not occurring) for activities or processes
  that do not occur for a particular gas or
  source/sink category within a country,
• NE (not estimated) for existing emissions and
  removals which have not been estimated,
• NA (not applicable) for activities in a given
  source/sink category which do not result in
  emissions or removals of a specific gas,
• IE (included elsewhere) for emissions and
  removals estimated but included elsewhere in the
  inventory (Parties should indicate where the
  emissions or removals have been included),
• C (confidential) for emissions and removals which
  could lead to the disclosure of confidential
  information.

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Potential problems in preparing IP Sector
inventory Activity Data Collection and Reporting

• Production data on large point sources may be
  available in various national institutions in
  data sets that are not easily converted to
  greenhouse gas inventory data
• Where available, mandatory or voluntary
  plant-level data are reported as total emissions
  without relevant AD and EF
•  

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Potential problems in preparing IP Sector
Inventory Lack of Emission Factors (1)

• Mandatory industry reports (e.g. annual
  environmental reports) provide only emissions
  estimates without AD and/or EF
• Lack of IPCC default EFs due to differences in
  IPCC source and sub-source categories and
  disaggregation of country-relevant sources

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Potential problems in preparing IP Sector
InventoryInstitutional Arrangements

• National institutions and industry associations
  collect and present data in formats not
  appropriate for GHG estimation (because they are
  normally aggregated in data sets relevant for the
  purposes for which they were collected)
• Limited awareness among industry/industry
  associations about opportunities under the
  Convention and therefore lack of motivation to
  develop capacity for reporting GHG inventories

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Potential problems in preparing IP Sector
Inventory Institutional Arrangement

• Lack of institutional arrangement and clarity
  over roles and responsibilities of experts
  carrying out the technical studies
•  Lack of legal and institutional authority to
  demand data from industry to carry out the
  inventories (reporting is basically voluntary)

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Potential problems in preparing IP Sector
Inventory Institutional Arrangement

• Non-involvement of universities and/or research
  centres in climate change efforts that could
  develop into a more sustainable inventory system
• Lack of mainstreaming of climate change data
  collection by national statistical services and
  industry associations
•  Lack of QA/QC and uncertainty analysis by data
  collection institutions

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Intuitional arrangement problemsRecommended
Capacity-building

• Establish a national working group of relevant
  stakeholders for plant-level verification and
  peer review of the inventory report
• Organize a capacity-building seminar for all
  institutions and relevant GHG-contributing
  industries to disseminate the IP inventory data
  sets, to inform about the need for QA/QC and
  plant-specific good practice in developing and
  reporting AD and EFs in greenhouse gas inventory
  data sets

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Intuitional Arrangement ProblemsRecommended
Capacity-building

• Adapt IPCC 1996GL and GPG2000 and develop
  country- specific workbooks documenting methods,
  AD, EFs to increase transparency and preserve
  institutional memory
• In a capacity-building workshop, disseminate
  information about the opportunities for emission
  reduction under the Convention and the Financing
  Mechanisms under the Protocol to encourage
  industry participation

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Review and Assessment ofActivity Data and
Emission Factors

• Data Status and Options

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GPG2000 Approach and Steps Inventory Quality
Improvement and Uncertainty Reduction

• QA/QC APPROACH