Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

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Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism
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Metabolism

• metabolism
• catabolism
• anabolism
• transforms energy
• potential
• kinetic

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Energy

• thermodynamics
• 1st law
• 2nd law

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Chemical Reactions and Energy

• may release or take up energy
• anabolic reactions consume while catabolic
  reaction release
• ATP
• energy used by organisms for storage
• couples anabolic and catabolic reactions

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Enzymes

• biological catalyst
• speeds the reaction rate
• lowers the activation energy
• energy barrier that must be overcome for the
  reaction to proceed
• never consumed

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Enzyme Binding

• specific for a reactant (substrate)
• an enzyme exists for each substrate
• substrate binds in active site
• induced fit
• conversion to product

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Added Molecules

• molecules or ions other than proteins may
  associate with an enzyme to aid in its function
• cofactor
• coenzyme
• prosthetic group

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Effects on Enzyme Function

• substrate concentration
• pH
• temperature

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