Public Speaking Foundations

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Public Speaking Foundations
Content based on Lucas The Art of Public
Speaking. The visuals are available for purchase
at http//www.allposters.com/
2
Similarities Between Public Speaking and
Conversation

•  Organizing thoughts logically
• Tailoring the message to the audience
• Telling a story for maximum impact
• Adapting to listener feedback

• http//www.allposters.com/

3
Differences Between Public Speaking and
Conversation

• Public speaking is more highly structured
• Public speaking requires more formal language
• Public speaking requires a different method of
  delivery

4
JFK Speech on Secret Societies and Freedom of the
Press 5 min

• http//www.allposters.com/

5
Model of The Speech Communication Process, which
contains the following

• Speaker (You)
• Message (Impromptu or planned speech)
• Channel (sound, sight, smell, touch, taste)
• Listener (Audience, also you)
• Feedback (Nonverbal responses, question and
  answer period)
• Interference (Distractions that are internal or
  external)
• Situation (Context, occasion)

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Frame of reference is everything in communication!

• How does the sum of a persons knowledge,
  experience, goals, values, and attitudes affect
  the role of speaker or listener?
• Why do we need to remember that everything a
  speaker says is filtered through a listeners
  frame of reference?
• Can two people can have exactly the same frame of
  reference?

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Public Speaking Concepts

• Feedback
• The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a
  listener to a speaker.
• Interference
• Anything that impedes the communication of a
  message.
• Situation
• The time and place in which speech communication
  occurs.
• Stage Fright
• Anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in
  front of an audience.

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What are guidelines to ensure ethical speaking?

• Make sure your goals are ethically sound
• Be fully prepared for each speech
• Be honest in what you say
• Avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive
  language
• Put ethical principles into practice
• Do you think one side is right and one is wrong?
  Based on your experience, do you disagree with
  the information in your textbook or other course
  materials? What is the rationale for your
  position?

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Nervousness Is Normal

• Your body is responding by producing extra
  adrenaline, a hormone released into the
  bloodstream in response to physical or mental
  stress. 
• Positive Nervousness
• Controlled nervousness that helps energize a
  speaker for her or his presentation.
• Visualization
• Mental imaging in which a speaker vividly
  pictures himself or herself giving a successful
  presentation.

http//www.allposters.com/
10
5-minute Talk or WriteHow can you reducing
speech anxiety?

• Acquire speaking experience
• Prepare, prepare, prepare
• Think positively
• Use the power of visualization
• Know that most nervousness is not visible
• Dont expect perfection

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Critical Thinking

• Focused, organized thinking about such things as
  the logical relationships among ideas, the
  soundness of evidence, and the differences
  between fact and opinion.

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Why are these concepts important in public
speaking?

• Ethnocentrism
• The belief that ones own group or culture is
  superior to all other groups or cultures.
• Ethics
• The branch of philosophy that deals with issues
  of right and wrong in human affairs.

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5 Minute Talk or Write Ethical Decisions

• How can you weigh a potential course of action
  against a set of ethical standards or guidelines?

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Unethical Name-Calling

• The use of language to defame, demean, or degrade
  individuals or groups.
• Speech at the White House Correspondent's Dinner
  (2006) p1
• 8 min  

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Unethical

• Plagiarism is presenting another persons
  language or ideas as ones own.
• Cite all sources quoted.
• Cite all sources paraphrased.
• Family Guy Steals From Simpsons ( Part 1 of 2 )
• 4 min -

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Unethical Public Speaking

• Stealing a speech entirely from a single source
  and passing it off as ones own.
• Stealing ideas or language from two or three
  sources and passing them off as ones own.
• Failing to give credit for particular parts of a
  speech that are borrowed from other people.

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Plagiarism and the Internet

• Cite sources when using Internet materials
• Take careful research notes
• Use high quality sources, such as those from the
  government or educational institution

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Guidelines for Ethical Listening

• Be courteous and attentive
• Avoid prejudging the speaker
• Maintain the free and open expression of ideas

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End
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Why Practice Public Speaking?

• To learn to manage your nervousness.
• To improve your skills.
• To broaden your experiences.
• To improve your ability to think on your feet.
• To increase your flexibility and adaptation to
  the audience.
• Research says public speaking practice of all
  kinds WORKS!

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Radio Speech 

• Write a statement in which you strongly believe.
  Pretend you are calling in to a radio talk show
  and make your statement. Either the teacher or a
  student can role-play the talk show announcer.
• Make sure you have a clear voice to convey your
  message.