Animal Genetic Resources and Traditional Farming in Vietnam

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Research Institute of Animal Breeding and
Nutrition, Á T K
Division for Small Animal Research, Gödöllo,
Hungary ÁTK KF
ECOLOGICAL TYPE MIXED FARMING AND ANIMAL
PRODUCTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES A FAR-EAST
EXAMPLE
Szalay István
Kisné Do thi Dong Xuan
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The industrial farming systems impoverish the
countryside and the villages become older and
older or get empty
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Intensification of agriculture cannot go on
indefinitely without serious unsunstainibiliy
consequences
Mechanical application of the industrial
agriculture should make a failure and may
hamstring the life of dense country people in the
third world
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Water management in traditional paddy rice
cultivation
- to tackle local knowledge in natural resources
management
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IRRIGATION
- to deal with agro-ecology and other sustainable
farming practices,
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- to address how to link farmers to market
through small and medium agro-enterprises.
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Ecological type mixed farming system plays an
important role in animal breeding and
conservation of animal genetic resources too
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The agriculture sector attributes for 21,8 of
the total national GDP and more than 78 of the
Vietnamese are living in the rural area,
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The basis of traditional farming of South East
Asia as well of Vietnam is an integrated
system of paddy rice cultivation,
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• root

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• crops,

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• fruit,

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• vegetables,

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• livestock

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and poultry
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Taking 2025 of total agricultural production,
livestock enterprises are very small and comprise
pigs, ducks
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cattle
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buffalo
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goat
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and chicken
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The main agricultural areas

• The Red River Delta (300000ha) and the Mekong
  Delta (onemillion ha) are the rice bowls of a
  fast-growing population

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A considerable part of Vietnam, however, is
characterized by much poorer conditions for
agricultural activities,
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The low agricultural production level forces
rural people for all day survival type work and
does not allow focusing and exploring the natural
values
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Conservation of animal genetic resources is
sustained spontaneously through the daily life,
without any direct conscience
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AGRO-ECOLOGY AND GENEBANK SURVEY IN VIETNAM
ÁTK, Gödöllo, Division for Small Animal
Research ( Dr. Kisné Do thi Dong Xuan, Dr.Szalay
István)
Muong Khuong pig
Binh Dinh duck
U-Riu cattle
Van pa pig
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O Ke chicken
Mong Cai pig
Dong Tao chicken
Bau Quy duck
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Buffaloes are important resources for draught
power and manure fertilization in a rice field
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Cattle production mainly in the hands of
smallholders and strongly integrated to the paddy
rice and crops production plays an important
role in rural agriculture
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Pig and poultry as a traditional and important
activity of Vietnamese farmers are an integral
part of the house-keeping stock.
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. While in 1994, 72 of the sow-population
consisted of local breeds, the indigenous breeds
proportion decreased to 45 by 1997.
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I pig
While the famous I pig was mostly the principal
meat resource in the poor North-Vietnamese
peasant families 20 years ago, it has disappeared
tragically since the emergence of different types
of intensive pig hybrids.
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Muong khuong pig
Some indigenous breeds having become rare (Muong
Khuong, Soc, Mong Cai pig, Uriu, Hmong cattle,)
can persist in certain highland regions where the
wantless and resistance capacity are the
principal required parameters for surviving.
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Being well adapted to input-extensive production
systems, local breeds represent important animal
genetic resources in the Vietnams remote areas
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Where the biodiversity is indisputably rich.
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More than 90 of pig population in Vietnam
belongs to smallholder farmers who have
traditional pig production system mostly based on
agricultural by-products and naturally available
resources
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All the year round, harvested rice fields are
always available for the field running duck
keeping in Vietnam..
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Distinctly identified as Quy Chau, Bau Ben, Binh
Dinh, Tau Co, Tau Phen,Tau Ran, Tau O, indigenous
duck breeds are adaptable to the different
agro-ecological conditions
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Harvested rice-running duck system scavenging
system to pick fallen paddy rice after harvesting
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Rice-duck pest control system insect catching,
weeding, muddying after rice transplanting
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River and coast band collecter system
scavenging system to pick tiny fish, shrimps,
oysters etc. at low tide.
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Fish-duck pond system
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Backyard duck raising
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Beeing adjusted to the available source of feed
in different times of the year, raising local
chickens starts at the beginning of the rainy
season (June, July), and so, more chicken meat is
available at the end of the year.
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(HMONG)
(DONG TAO)
(XUOC)
While poultry production has been doubled during
the last ten years some excellent breeds with
high adaptability and disease resistance may get
disappeared (Dong Tao, Xuoc, Hmong) in the
pursuit of the economic market.
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VAC is a well-known name in Vietnam as farming
system, linking garden (crops), pond (fish) and
shed (animal) together.
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Pigsty above the pond dug at the back of the
garden.
fishes profiting the feed residue of all.
sewage-water is conducted to the garden as manure
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The ecological type mixed farming is another form
of sustainable agriculture relying on indigenous
farming kwowledge and selected low-input modern
technologies. Agro-ecology seeks to reach the
worlds rural poor and peasant farmers whose
farming systems are small-scale, complex and
divers.
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Thank you very much for your attention!
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