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Multiple%20sequence%20alignment

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Praline with pre-processing ... PRALINE. Using secondary structure for alignment. Dynamic programming. search matrix ... PRALINE: Using predicted secondary structure ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Multiple%20sequence%20alignment


1
Introduction to bioinformaticsLecture 9 Multiple
sequence alignment (3)
2
Flavodoxin-cheY Pre-processing (prepro?1500)
3
Progressive multiple alignment general principles
1
Score 1-2
2
1
Score 1-3
3
4
Score 4-5
5
Scores
Similarity matrix
55
Scores to distances
Iteration possibilities
Guide tree
Multiple alignment
4
General progressive multiple alignment
technique(follow generated tree)
d
1
3
1
3
2
5
1
3
2
5
1
root
3
2
5
4
5
Strategies for multiple sequence alignment
  • Profile pre-processing
  • Secondary structure-induced alignment
  • Globalised local alignment
  • Matrix extension
  • Objective integrate secondary structure
    information to anchor alignments and avoid errors

6
Protein structure hierarchical levels
TERTIARY STRUCTURE (fold)
7
Why use (predicted) structural information
  • Structure more conserved than sequence
  • Many structural protein families (e.g. globins)
    have family members with very low sequence
    similarities. For example, globin sequences
    identities can be as low as 10 while still
    having an identical fold.
  • This means that you can still observe equivalent
    secondary structures in homologous proteins even
    if sequence similarities are extremely low.
  • But you are dependent on the quality of
    prediction methods. For example, secondary
    structure prediction is currently at 76
    correctness. So, 1 out of 4 predicted amino acids
    is still incorrect.

8
Two superposed protein structures with two
well-superposed helices
Red well superposed Blue low match quality
C5 anaphylatoxin -- human (PDB code 1kjs) and pig
(1c5a)) proteins are superposed
9
Flavodoxin-cheY multiple alignment Praline with
pre-processing
  • 1fx1 -PKALIVYGSTTGNT-EYTAETIARQLANAG-YE
    VDSRDAASVEAGGLFEGFDLVLLGCSTWGDDSI------ELQDDFIPLF-
    DSLEETGAQGRKVACF
  • FLAV_DESDE MSKVLIVFGSSTGNT-ESIaQKLEELIAAGG-HE
    VTLLNAADASAENLADGYDAVLFgCSAWGMEDL------EMQDDFLSLF-
    EEFNRFGLAGRKVAAf
  • FLAV_DESVH MPKALIVYGSTTGNT-EYTaETIARELADAG-YE
    VDSRDAASVEAGGLFEGFDLVLLgCSTWGDDSI------ELQDDFIPLF-
    DSLEETGAQGRKVACf
  • FLAV_DESSA MSKSLIVYGSTTGNT-ETAaEYVAEAFENKE-ID
    VELKNVTDVSVADLGNGYDIVLFgCSTWGEEEI------ELQDDFIPLY-
    DSLENADLKGKKVSVf
  • FLAV_DESGI MPKALIVYGSTTGNT-EGVaEAIAKTLNSEG-ME
    TTVVNVADVTAPGLAEGYDVVLLgCSTWGDDEI------ELQEDFVPLY-
    EDLDRAGLKDKKVGVf
  • 2fcr --KIGIFFSTSTGNT-TEVADFIGKTLGA---KA
    DAPIDVDDVTDPQALKDYDLLFLGAPTWNTG----ADTERSGTSWDEFLY
    DKLPEVDMKDLPVAIF
  • FLAV_AZOVI -AKIGLFFGSNTGKT-RKVaKSIKKRFDDET-MS
    DA-LNVNRVS-AEDFAQYQFLILgTPTLGEGELPGLSSDCENESWEEFL-
    PKIEGLDFSGKTVALf
  • FLAV_ENTAG MATIGIFFGSDTGQT-RKVaKLIHQKLDG---IA
    DAPLDVRRAT-REQFLSYPVLLLgTPTLGDGELPGVEAGSQYDSWQEFT-
    NTLSEADLTGKTVALf
  • FLAV_ANASP SKKIGLFYGTQTGKT-ESVaEIIRDEFGN---DV
    VTLHDVSQAE-VTDLNDYQYLIIgCPTWNIGEL--------QSDWEGLY-
    SELDDVDFNGKLVAYf
  • FLAV_ECOLI -AITGIFFGSDTGNT-ENIaKMIQKQLGK---DV
    ADVHDIAKSS-KEDLEAYDILLLgIPTWYYGE--------AQCDWDDFF-
    PTLEEIDFNGKLVALf
  • 4fxn -MK--IVYWSGTGNT-EKMAELIAKGIIESG-KD
    VNTINVSDVNIDELL-NEDILILGCSAMGDEVL-------EESEFEPFI-
    EEIS-TKISGKKVALF
  • FLAV_MEGEL MVE--IVYWSGTGNT-EAMaNEIEAAVKAAG-AD
    VESVRFEDTNVDDVA-SKDVILLgCPAMGSEEL-------EDSVVEPFF-
    TDLA-PKLKGKKVGLf
  • FLAV_CLOAB -MKISILYSSKTGKT-ERVaKLIEEGVKRSGNIE
    VKTMNLDAVD-KKFLQESEGIIFgTPTYYAN---------ISWEMKKWI-
    DESSEFNLEGKLGAAf
  • 3chy ADKELKFLVVDDFSTMRRIVRNLLKELGFN--NV
    EEAEDGVDALNKLQAGGYGFVI---SDWNMPNM----------DGLELL-
    KTIRADGAMSALPVLM
  • T
  • 1fx1 GCGDS-SY-EYFCGA-VDAIEEKLKNLGAEIVQD
    ---------------------GLRIDGD--PRAARDDIVGWAHDVRGAI-
    -------
  • FLAV_DESDE ASGDQ-EY-EHFCGA-VPAIEERAKELgATIIAE
    ---------------------GLKMEGD--ASNDPEAVASfAEDVLKQL-
    -------
  • FLAV_DESVH GCGDS-SY-EYFCGA-VDAIEEKLKNLgAEIVQD
    ---------------------GLRIDGD--PRAARDDIVGwAHDVRGAI-
    -------

An MSA comprising four sequences for which the
secondary structural elements have been taken
from tertiary structures available in the Protein
Data Bank (PDB). How well these elements are
aligned is indicative for the alignment quality.
10
Secondary structure-induced alignment iteration
11
PRALINEUsing secondary structure for alignment
Dynamic programming search matrix
Amino acid exchange weights matrices
MDAGSTVILCFV
HHHCCCEEEEEE
M D A A S T I L C G S
H H H H C C E E E C C
H
H
C
C
E
E
Default
12
Flavodoxin-cheYPRALINE Using predicted
secondary structure
1fx1 -PK-ALIVYGSTTGNTEYTAETIARQLANAG-YE
VDSRDAASVEAGGLFEGFDLVLLGCSTWGDDSI------ELQDDFIPLFD
S-LEETGAQGRKVACF e eeee b
ssshhhhhhhhhhhhhhttt eeeee stt tttttt seeee b
ee sss ee ttthhhhtt ttss tt
eeeee FLAV_DESVH MPK-ALIVYGSTTGNTEYTaETIARELA
DAG-YEVDSRDAASVEAGGLFEGFDLVLLgCSTWGDDSI------ELQDD
FIPLFDS-LEETGAQGRKVACf e eeeeee
hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh eeeeee eeeeee
hhhhhh
eeeee FLAV_DESGI MPK-ALIVYGSTTGNTEGVaEAIAKTLN
SEG-METTVVNVADVTAPGLAEGYDVVLLgCSTWGDDEI------ELQED
FVPLYED-LDRAGLKDKKVGVf e eeeeee
hhhhhhhhhhhhhh eeeeee hhhhhh eeeeeee
hhhhhh
eeeeee FLAV_DESSA MSK-SLIVYGSTTGNTETAaEYVAEAF
ENKE-IDVELKNVTDVSVADLGNGYDIVLFgCSTWGEEEI------ELQD
DFIPLYDS-LENADLKGKKVSVf
eeeeee hhhhhhhhhhhhhh eeeee
eeeee hhhhhhh h
eeeee FLAV_DESDE MSK-VLIVFGSSTGNTESIaQKLEELIA
AGG-HEVTLLNAADASAENLADGYDAVLFgCSAWGMEDL------EMQDD
FLSLFEE-FNRFGLAGRKVAAf eeee
hhhhhhhhhhhhhh eeeee hhhhhhhhhhheeeee
hhhhhhh hh eeeee 2fcr
--K-IGIFFSTSTGNTTEVADFIGKTLGAK---ADAPIDVDDVT
DPQALKDYDLLFLGAPTWNTGAD----TERSGTSWDEFLYDKLPEVDMKD
LPVAIF eeeee
ssshhhhhhhhhhhhhggg b eeggg s gggggg seeeeeee
stt s s s sthhhhhhhtggg tt
eeeee FLAV_ANASP SKK-IGLFYGTQTGKTESVaEIIRDEFG
ND--VVTL-HDVSQAE-VTDLNDYQYLIIgCPTWNIGEL--------QSD
WEGLYSE-LDDVDFNGKLVAYf eeeee
hhhhhhhhhhhh eee hhh hhhhhhheeeeee
hhhhhhhhh
eeeeee FLAV_ECOLI -AI-TGIFFGSDTGNTENIaKMIQKQL
GKD--VADV-HDIAKSS-KEDLEAYDILLLgIPTWYYGEA--------QC
DWDDFFPT-LEEIDFNGKLVALf eee
hhhhhhhhhhhh eee hhh hhhhhhheeeee
hhhhh
eeeeee FLAV_AZOVI -AK-IGLFFGSNTGKTRKVaKSIKKRF
DDET-MSDA-LNVNRVS-AEDFAQYQFLILgTPTLGEGELPGLSSDCENE
SWEEFLPK-IEGLDFSGKTVALf eee
hhhhhhhhhhhhh hhh hhhhhhheeeee
hhhhhhhhh
eeeeee FLAV_ENTAG MAT-IGIFFGSDTGQTRKVaKLIHQKL
DG---IADAPLDVRRAT-REQFLSYPVLLLgTPTLGDGELPGVEAGSQYD
SWQEFTNT-LSEADLTGKTVALf eeee
hhhhhhhhhhhh hhh hhhhhhheeeee
hhhhh eeeee 4fxn
----MKIVYWSGTGNTEKMAELIAKGIIESG-KDVNTINVSDV
NIDELLNE-DILILGCSAMGDEVL------E-ESEFEPFIEE-IST-KIS
GKKVALF eeeee
ssshhhhhhhhhhhhhhhtt eeeettt sttttt seeeeee
btttb ttthhhhhhh hst t tt
eeeee FLAV_MEGEL M---VEIVYWSGTGNTEAMaNEIEAAVK
AAG-ADVESVRFEDTNVDDVASK-DVILLgCPAMGSEEL------E-DSV
VEPFFTD-LAP-KLKGKKVGLf
hhhhhhhhhhhhhh eeeee hhhhhhhh eeeee

eeeee FLAV_CLOAB M-K-ISILYSSKTGKTERVaKLIEEGVK
RSGNIEVKTMNL-DAVDKKFLQESEGIIFgTPTY-YANI--------SWE
MKKWIDE-SSEFNLEGKLGAAf eee
hhhhhhhhhhhhhh eeeeee hhhhhhhhhh eeee
hhhhhhhhh eeeee 3chy
ADKELKFLVVDDFSTMRRIVRNLLKELGFNN-VEEAEDGV-DAL
NKLQAGGYGFVISD---WNMPNM----------DGLELLKTIRADGAMSA
LPVLMV tt eeee s
hhhhhhhhhhhhhht eeeesshh hhhhhhhh eeeee s
sss hhhhhhhhhh ttttt eeee 1fx1
GCGDS-SY-EYFCGAVDAIEEKLKNLGAEIVQD-----------
----------GLRIDGD--PRAARDDIVGWAHDVRGAI--------
eee s ss sstthhhhhhhhhhhttt ee s
eeees gggghhhhhhhhhhhhhh FLAV_
DESVH GCGDS-SY-EYFCGAVDAIEEKLKNLgAEIVQD------
---------------GLRIDGD--PRAARDDIVGwAHDVRGAI-------
- eee hhhhhhhhhhhh
eeeee eeeee
hhhhhhhhhhhhhh FLAV_DESGI GCGDS-SY-TYFCGAVDVI
EKKAEELgATLVAS---------------------SLKIDGE--P--DSA
EVLDwAREVLARV-------- eee
hhhhhhhhhhhh eeeee
hhhhhhhhhhh FLAV_DESSA
GCGDS-DY-TYFCGAVDAIEEKLEKMgAVVIGD-----------------
----SLKIDGD--P--ERDEIVSwGSGIADKI--------
hhhhhhhhhhhh eeeee
e eee FLAV_DESDE
ASGDQ-EY-EHFCGAVPAIEERAKELgATIIAE-----------------
----GLKMEGD--ASNDPEAVASfAEDVLKQL--------
e hhhhhhhhhhhhhh eeeee
ee hhhhhhhhhhh 2fcr
GLGDAEGYPDNFCDAIEEIHDCFAKQGAKPVGFSNPDDYDYEESKSV
RD-GKFLGLPLDMVNDQIPMEKRVAGWVEAVVSETGV------
eee ttt ttsttthhhhhhhhhhhtt eee b gggs
s tteet teesseeeettt ss hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhht FLAV_A
NASP GTGDQIGYADNFQDAIGILEEKISQRgGKTVGYWSTDGYD
FNDSKALR-NGKFVGLALDEDNQSDLTDDRIKSwVAQLKSEFGL------
hhhhhhhhhhhhhh
eeee
hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh FLAV_ECOLI
GCGDQEDYAEYFCDALGTIRDIIEPRgATIVGHWPTAGYHFEASKGLADD
DHFVGLAIDEDRQPELTAERVEKwVKQISEELHLDEILNA
hhhhhhhhhhhhhh eeee
hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh FLAV_AZOVI
GLGDQVGYPENYLDALGELYSFFKDRgAKIVGSWSTDGYEFESS
EAVVD-GKFVGLALDLDNQSGKTDERVAAwLAQIAPEFGLS--L--
e hhhhhhhhhhhhhh eeeee
hhhhhhhhhhh FLAV_ENTA
G GLGDQLNYSKNFVSAMRILYDLVIARgACVVGNWPREGYKFSF
SAALLENNEFVGLPLDQENQYDLTEERIDSwLEKLKPAV-L------
hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh eeee
hhhhhhh hhhhhhhhhhhh 4fxn
G-----SYGWGDGKWMRDFEERMNGYGCVVVET---------
------------PLIVQNE--PDEAEQDCIEFGKKIANI---------
e eesss shhhhhhhhhhhhtt ee s
eeees ggghhhhhhhhhhhht FLAV
_MEGEL G-----SYGWGSGEWMDAWKQRTEDTgATVIGT-----
-----------------AIVNEM--PDNAPE-CKElGEAAAKA-------
-- hhhhhhhhhhh
eeeee eeee h
hhhhhhhh FLAV_CLOAB STANSIA-GGSDIALLTILNHLMVK
-gMLVYSG----GVAFGKPKTHLG-----YVHINEI--QENEDENARIfG
ERiANkV--KQIF--
hhhhhhhhhhhhhh eeeee
hhhh hhh hhhhhhhhhhhh h 3chy
-----------TAEAKKENIIAAAQAGASGY-------------------
------VVK----P-FTAATLEEKLNKIFEKLGM------
ess hhhhhhhhhtt see
ees s hhhhhhhhhhhhhhht

G
Here, the secondary structures for 10 sequences
are predicted by the method PREDATOR, while those
for the four sequences with 4-let (PDB) codes are
observed in the corresponding PDB tertiary
structures
13
Flavodoxin-cheY multiple alignment/ secondary
structure iteration cheY SSEs
3chy-AA SEQUENCE AA ADKELKFLVVDDFSTMRR
IVRNLLKELGFNNVEEAEDGVDALNKLQAGGYGFVISDWNMP 3chy-I
TERATION-0 PHD EEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH E HHHHHHHHHH HHHEEE
3chy-ITERATION-1 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-2 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-3 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-4 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-5 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-6 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-7 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-8 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-9 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-AA SEQUENCE AA
NMDGLELLKTIRADGAMSALPVLMVTAEAKKENIIAAAQAGASGYVVKP
FTAATLEEKLNKIFEKLGM 3chy-ITERATION-0
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-1
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-2
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-3
PHD HHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
3chy-ITERATION-4 PHD HHHHH
EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
3chy-ITERATION-5 PHD HHHHHHHH
EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-6 PHD
HHHHHHHH EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-7
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-8
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-9
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
14
Flavodoxin-cheY multiple alignment/ secondary
structure iteration cheY SSEs
3chy-AA SEQUENCE AA ADKELKFLVVDDFSTMRR
IVRNLLKELGFNNVEEAEDGVDALNKLQAGGYGFVISDWNMP 3chy-I
TERATION-0 PHD EEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH E HHHHHHHHHH HHHEEE
3chy-ITERATION-1 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-2 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-3 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-4 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-5 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-6 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-7 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-8 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-9 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-AA SEQUENCE AA
NMDGLELLKTIRADGAMSALPVLMVTAEAKKENIIAAAQAGASGYVVKP
FTAATLEEKLNKIFEKLGM 3chy-ITERATION-0
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-1
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-2
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-3
PHD HHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
3chy-ITERATION-4 PHD HHHHH
EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
3chy-ITERATION-5 PHD HHHHHHHH
EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-6 PHD
HHHHHHHH EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-7
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-8
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-9
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
15
Flavodoxin-cheY multiple alignment/ secondary
structure iteration cheY SSEs
3chy-AA SEQUENCE AA ADKELKFLVVDDFSTMRR
IVRNLLKELGFNNVEEAEDGVDALNKLQAGGYGFVISDWNMP 3chy-I
TERATION-0 PHD EEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH E HHHHHHHHHH HHHEEE
3chy-ITERATION-1 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-2 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-3 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-4 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-5 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-6 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-7 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-8 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-9 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-AA SEQUENCE AA
NMDGLELLKTIRADGAMSALPVLMVTAEAKKENIIAAAQAGASGYVVKP
FTAATLEEKLNKIFEKLGM 3chy-ITERATION-0
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-1
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-2
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-3
PHD HHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
3chy-ITERATION-4 PHD HHHHH
EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
3chy-ITERATION-5 PHD HHHHHHHH
EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-6 PHD
HHHHHHHH EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-7
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-8
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-9
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
16
Flavodoxin-cheY multiple alignment/ secondary
structure iteration cheY SSEs
3chy-AA SEQUENCE AA ADKELKFLVVDDFSTMRR
IVRNLLKELGFNNVEEAEDGVDALNKLQAGGYGFVISDWNMP 3chy-I
TERATION-0 PHD EEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH E HHHHHHHHHH HHHEEE
3chy-ITERATION-1 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-2 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-3 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-4 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-5 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-6 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-7 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-8 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-9 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-AA SEQUENCE AA
NMDGLELLKTIRADGAMSALPVLMVTAEAKKENIIAAAQAGASGYVVKP
FTAATLEEKLNKIFEKLGM 3chy-ITERATION-0
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-1
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-2
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-3
PHD HHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
3chy-ITERATION-4 PHD HHHHH
EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
3chy-ITERATION-5 PHD HHHHHHHH
EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-6 PHD
HHHHHHHH EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-7
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-8
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-9
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
17
Flavodoxin-cheY multiple alignment/ secondary
structure iteration cheY SSEs
3chy-AA SEQUENCE AA ADKELKFLVVDDFSTMRR
IVRNLLKELGFNNVEEAEDGVDALNKLQAGGYGFVISDWNMP 3chy-I
TERATION-0 PHD EEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH E HHHHHHHHHH HHHEEE
3chy-ITERATION-1 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-2 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-3 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-4 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-5 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-6 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-7 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-8 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-9 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-AA SEQUENCE AA
NMDGLELLKTIRADGAMSALPVLMVTAEAKKENIIAAAQAGASGYVVKP
FTAATLEEKLNKIFEKLGM 3chy-ITERATION-0
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-1
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-2
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-3
PHD HHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
3chy-ITERATION-4 PHD HHHHH
EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
3chy-ITERATION-5 PHD HHHHHHHH
EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-6 PHD
HHHHHHHH EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-7
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-8
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-9
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
18
Flavodoxin-cheY multiple alignment/ secondary
structure iteration cheY SSEs
3chy-AA SEQUENCE AA ADKELKFLVVDDFSTMRR
IVRNLLKELGFNNVEEAEDGVDALNKLQAGGYGFVISDWNMP 3chy-I
TERATION-0 PHD EEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH E HHHHHHHHHH HHHEEE
3chy-ITERATION-1 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-2 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-3 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-4 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-5 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-6 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-7 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-8 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-9 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-AA SEQUENCE AA
NMDGLELLKTIRADGAMSALPVLMVTAEAKKENIIAAAQAGASGYVVKP
FTAATLEEKLNKIFEKLGM 3chy-ITERATION-0
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-1
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-2
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-3
PHD HHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
3chy-ITERATION-4 PHD HHHHH
EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
3chy-ITERATION-5 PHD HHHHHHHH
EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-6 PHD
HHHHHHHH EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-7
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-8
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-9
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
19
Flavodoxin-cheY multiple alignment/ secondary
structure iteration cheY SSEs
3chy-AA SEQUENCE AA ADKELKFLVVDDFSTMRR
IVRNLLKELGFNNVEEAEDGVDALNKLQAGGYGFVISDWNMP 3chy-I
TERATION-0 PHD EEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH E HHHHHHHHHH HHHEEE
3chy-ITERATION-1 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-2 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-3 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-4 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-5 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-6 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-7 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-8 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-9 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-AA SEQUENCE AA
NMDGLELLKTIRADGAMSALPVLMVTAEAKKENIIAAAQAGASGYVVKP
FTAATLEEKLNKIFEKLGM 3chy-ITERATION-0
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-1
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-2
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-3
PHD HHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
3chy-ITERATION-4 PHD HHHHH
EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
3chy-ITERATION-5 PHD HHHHHHHH
EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-6 PHD
HHHHHHHH EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-7
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-8
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-9
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
20
Flavodoxin-cheY multiple alignment/ secondary
structure iteration cheY SSEs
3chy-AA SEQUENCE AA ADKELKFLVVDDFSTMRR
IVRNLLKELGFNNVEEAEDGVDALNKLQAGGYGFVISDWNMP 3chy-I
TERATION-0 PHD EEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH E HHHHHHHHHH HHHEEE
3chy-ITERATION-1 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-2 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-3 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-4 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-5 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-6 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-7 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-8 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-9 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-AA SEQUENCE AA
NMDGLELLKTIRADGAMSALPVLMVTAEAKKENIIAAAQAGASGYVVKP
FTAATLEEKLNKIFEKLGM 3chy-ITERATION-0
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-1
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-2
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-3
PHD HHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
3chy-ITERATION-4 PHD HHHHH
EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
3chy-ITERATION-5 PHD HHHHHHHH
EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-6 PHD
HHHHHHHH EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-7
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-8
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-9
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
21
Flavodoxin-cheY multiple alignment/ secondary
structure iteration cheY SSEs
3chy-AA SEQUENCE AA ADKELKFLVVDDFSTMRR
IVRNLLKELGFNNVEEAEDGVDALNKLQAGGYGFVISDWNMP 3chy-I
TERATION-0 PHD EEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH E HHHHHHHHHH HHHEEE
3chy-ITERATION-1 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-2 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-3 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-4 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-5 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-6 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-7 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-8 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-9 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-AA SEQUENCE AA
NMDGLELLKTIRADGAMSALPVLMVTAEAKKENIIAAAQAGASGYVVKP
FTAATLEEKLNKIFEKLGM 3chy-ITERATION-0
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-1
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-2
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-3
PHD HHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
3chy-ITERATION-4 PHD HHHHH
EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
3chy-ITERATION-5 PHD HHHHHHHH
EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-6 PHD
HHHHHHHH EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-7
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-8
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-9
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
22
Flavodoxin-cheY multiple alignment/ secondary
structure iteration cheY SSEs
3chy-AA SEQUENCE AA ADKELKFLVVDDFSTMRR
IVRNLLKELGFNNVEEAEDGVDALNKLQAGGYGFVISDWNMP 3chy-I
TERATION-0 PHD EEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH E HHHHHHHHHH HHHEEE
3chy-ITERATION-1 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-2 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-3 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-4 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-5 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-6 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-7 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-8 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH EEEEEE
3chy-ITERATION-9 PHD EEEEEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH EEEEE
3chy-AA SEQUENCE AA
NMDGLELLKTIRADGAMSALPVLMVTAEAKKENIIAAAQAGASGYVVKP
FTAATLEEKLNKIFEKLGM 3chy-ITERATION-0
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-1
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-2
PHD HHHHHHEEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-3
PHD HHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
3chy-ITERATION-4 PHD HHHHH
EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
3chy-ITERATION-5 PHD HHHHHHHH
EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-6 PHD
HHHHHHHH EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-7
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-8
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
EEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3chy-ITERATION-9
PHD HHHHHHHH EEEEE
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH EEEE HHHHHHHHHHHHHH
23
Iteration
Convergence
Limit cycle
Divergence
24
Strategies for multiple sequence alignment
  • Profile pre-processing
  • Secondary structure-induced alignment
  • Globalised local alignment
  • Matrix extension
  • Objectives
  • Instead of single amino acid positions, focus on
    local alignments
  • Consider best local alignment through each cell
    in DP matrix
  • Try to avoid (early) errors

25
Globalised local alignment
1. Local (SW) alignment (M Po,e)


2. Global (NW) alignment (no M or Po,e)
Double dynamic programming
26
Globalised local alignment
1.
2.
27
M BLOSUM62, Po 0, Pe 0
28
M BLOSUM62, Po 12, Pe 1
29
M BLOSUM62, Po 60, Pe 5
30
Strategies for multiple sequence alignment
  • Profile pre-processing
  • Secondary structure-induced alignment
  • Globalised local alignment
  • Matrix extension
  • Objective try to avoid (early) errors

31
Integrating alignment methods and alignment
information with T-Coffee
  • Integrating different pair-wise alignment
    techniques (NW, SW, ..)
  • Combining different multiple alignment methods
    (consensus multiple alignment)
  • Combining sequence alignment methods with
    structural alignment techniques
  • Plug in user knowledge

32
Matrix extension
  • T-Coffee
  • Tree-based Consistency Objective Function For
    alignmEnt Evaluation
  • Cedric Notredame
  • Des Higgins
  • Jaap Heringa J. Mol. Biol., 302, 205-2172000

33
Using different sources of alignment information

Structure alignments
Clustal
Clustal
Dialign
Lalign
Manual
T-Coffee
34
Matrix extension T COFFEE
2
1
3
1
4
1
3
2
4
2
4
3
35
Search matrix extension alignment transitivity
36
T-Coffee
  • Combine different alignment techniques by adding
    scores
  • W(A(x), B(y)) ?S(A(x), B(y))
  • A(x) is residue x in sequence A
  • summation is over the scores S of the global and
    local alignments containing the residue pair
    (A(x), B(y))
  • S is sequence identity percentage of the
    associated alignment
  • Combine direct alignment seqA- seqB with each
    seqA-seqI-seqB
  • W(A(x), B(y)) W(A(x), B(y))
  • ?I?A,BMin(W(A(x), I(z)), W(I(z), B(y)))
  • Summation over all third sequences I other than A
    or B

37
T-Coffee
Other sequences
Direct alignment
38
Search matrix extension
39
Succesful current MSA method MUSCLE (Edgar,
2004)
  • MUSCLE is very fast and can handle large sets of
    long sequences
  • MUSCLE features a slightly changed way of
    profile-profile alignment scoring
  • MUSCLE uses iteration to realign sequences that
    are together in subgroups (subtrees in the
    alignment guide tree produced using UPGMA (group
    averaging - see lecture 4)

40
Most succesful current MSA method PSI-PRALINE
(Simossis et al., 2005)
  • PSI-PRALINE uses database searching to find
    background sequences these are not aligned
    but aid correct matching of the sequences
  • PSI-PRALINE is slow because it has to do a
    sequence database search for each sequence
  • PSI-PRALINE is very good at aligning distant
    sequences

41
Evaluating multiple alignments
  • There are reference databases based on structural
    information e.g. BAliBASE and HOMSTRAD
  • Conflicting standards of truth
  • evolution
  • structure
  • function
  • With orphan sequences no additional information
  • Benchmarks depending on reference alignments
  • Quality issue of available reference alignment
    databases
  • Different ways to quantify agreement with
    reference alignment (sum-of-pairs, column score)
  • Charlie Chaplin problem

42
Evaluating multiple alignments
  • As a standard of truth, often a reference
    alignment based on structural superpositioning is
    taken

43
Evaluation measures
Query
Reference
Column score
What fraction of the MSA columns in the reference
alignment is reproduced by the computed alignment
Sum-of-Pairs score
What fraction of the matched amino acid pairs in
the reference alignment is reproduced by the
computed alignment
44
Evaluating multiple alignments
?SP
BAliBASE alignment nseq len
45
Summary
  • Weighting schemes are developed to minimise
    (early) errors during the progressive alignment
    protocol
  • PRALINE Profile pre-processing (global/local)
  • T-Coffee Matrix extension (well balanced scheme)
  • Smoothing alignment signals
  • PRALINE globalised local alignment
  • Using additional information
  • PRALINE secondary structure driven alignment
  • Schemes strike balance between speed and
    sensitivity

46
References
  • Heringa, J. (1999) Two strategies for sequence
    comparison profile-preprocessed and secondary
    structure-induced multiple alignment. Comp. Chem.
    23, 341-364.
  • Notredame, C., Higgins, D.G., Heringa, J. (2000)
    T-Coffee a novel method for fast and accurate
    multiple sequence alignment. J. Mol. Biol., 302,
    205-217.
  • Heringa, J. (2002) Local weighting schemes for
    protein multiple sequence alignment. Comput.
    Chem., 26(5), 459-477.
  • Simossis, V.A., Kleinjung, J. and Heringa, J.
    (2005) Homology-extended sequence alignment.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 33(3)816-824.

47
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