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Management and Communication of Distributed Conceptual Design Knowledge in the Building and Construction Industry

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Title: Management and Communication of Distributed Conceptual Design Knowledge in the Building and Construction Industry


1
Management and Communicationof Distributed
Conceptual Design Knowledgein the Building and
Construction Industry
Dr.ir. Jos van LeeuwenEindhoven University of
Technology Department of Building and
ArchitectureDesign Systems Group
2
Topics in this presentation
  • Distributed Conceptual Design Knowledge
  • Design Support requirements
  • Knowledge modelling dissemination
  • Feature-Based Modelling
  • XML concept and potentials
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Feature Management System
  • Feature Type recognition

3
Design Knowledge
Jos Harnischmacher
identification
uniqueness
analysis
creativity
iterative processes
Design conceptsthe notion of how a type of
solution can be designed
4
Distributed Conceptual Design Knowledge
  • Distributed
  • Multi-designer projects (collaborative design)
  • Sharing design knowledge (outside project-scope)
  • Conceptual
  • Early design stages
  • Concerning the design rationale

Niels Olivier
5
Design Support requirements
  • Find information
  • Acquire information
  • Store information
  • Retrieve information
  • Adapt information
  • Correct information
  • Structure information
  • Restructure information
  • Define information
  • Refine information

Dynamic process
6
Design Support requirements
  • Allowing architects to formalise their own design
    concepts, to use their own typologies when
    modelling a design.

7
Knowledge modelling
  • Designer specific
  • Conceptual level of design informationnot only
    what is designed,but also how is designed
  • Technique Object orientationboth description
    and behaviour are involvedinstance level and
    typological level

8
Knowledge dissemination
  • Collaborative design
  • Sharing of design knowledge
  • AI approaches for knowledge re-use,e.g.,
    case-based design
  • Evaluation, adaptation
  • Knowledge management

9
Role of Internet
  • Increasing importance for collaboration
  • Becoming the main / first source of information
  • Free, world-wide, accessible, standard,

10
Topics in this presentation
  • Distributed Conceptual Design Knowledge
  • Design Support requirements
  • Knowledge modelling dissemination
  • Feature-Based Modelling
  • XML concept and potentials
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Feature Management System
  • Feature Type recognition

11
VR-DIS Design Information System
  • Some of the objectives
  • VR interface for design activities
  • Support for design in early stages
  • Support for collaborative design
  • Dynamic way of dealing with informationextensibi
    lity and flexibility of bothdesign models and
    conceptual design models

12
Integration of 3 research disciplines
InternetTechnology for Management
Communicationof Knowledge
13
Feature-Based Modelling
  • Features are instantiations ofFeature Types
    (formalised design concepts)
  • Feature Types can be defined to represent simple
    data, or complex structures of other Feature
    Types
  • Feature models contain Features that may possess
    non-typical characteristics(i.e. ad-hoc
    properties and relationships)

14
Feature-Based Modelling
Example a type Roof with characteristics such
as slope, material, thermal insulation, etc.
15
Feature-Based Modelling
16
Feature-Based Modelling Framework
  • Extensibilitydesigner can define typologies
  • Flexibilityreferential structures,ad hoc
    modelling(e.g., associative reasoning)

17
Feature Management System
  • Feature Management Moduleprevious implementation
    was based on Object Oriented DB

18
XML eXtensible Markup Language
  • Concept
  • Structured documents
  • Document structure can be defined by user
  • Internet facilities for linking and re-using
    documents
  • Standardised document management

19
XML eXtensible Markup Language
  • Potentials
  • Standard for document storage / management /
    exchange
  • Standard interface for databases
  • Replacement for HTML

20
XML eXtensible Markup Language
  • Example
  • ltbuilding nameMain Buildinggt
  • ltfloor level4gt
  • ltroom number01 purposestudio/gt
  • lt/floorgt
  • ltfunction namestudiogt
  • ltsize activitydesigngt6lt/sizegt
  • ltsize activitylecturegt20lt/sizegt
  • ltfacilitygtmultimedia presentationlt/facility gt
  • lt/functiongt
  • lt/buildinggt

21
XML-Schema defining XML doc. structures
  • ltxsdcomplexType name"Space"gt
  • ltxsdcomplexContentgt
  • ltxsdextension base"ftrbaseFtrType"gt
  • ltxsdsequencegt
  • ltxsdelement name"area" type"ftrbaseRo
    le" minOccurs"0" ftrbaseroletype"spec
    "
  • ftrbaseftrtyperef"Area"/gt
  • lt/xsdsequencegt
  • lt/xsdextensiongt
  • lt/xsdcomplexContentgt
  • lt/xsdcomplexTypegt

ltxsdcomplexType name"Room"gt ltxsdcomplexConten
tgt ltxsdextension base"Space"gt ltxsdsequence
gt ltxsdelement name"enclosedBy" type"ft
rbaseRole" minOccurs"0" maxOccurs"unb
ounded" ftrbaseroletype"assoc" ftrbase
ftrtyperef"Wall"/gt lt/xsdsequencegt lt/xsdex
tensiongt lt/xsdcomplexContentgt lt/xsdcomplexTypegt
ltArea name"Area1" value"29.7"/gt ltRoom
name"Office1"gt ltarea ref"Area1"/gt ltenclosedBy
ref"WallB" index"1"/gt ltenclosedBy ref"WallC"
index"2"/gt ltnumberOfWorkplaces
refNoDesksInOffice1/gt lt/spatialRoomgt
22
Implementation issues
  • Microsofts .NET environment
  • Offers cross-platform capabilities
  • Allows easy re-utilisation of codee.g., for
    standalone applications or forweb-based
    applications
  • Extensive XML facilities

23
Artificial Intelligence
  • AI in this project is used to enableKnowledge
    Dissemination
  • Indexing a design case in order to generate a
    database of design concepts(design problems and
    solutions)
  • Find similar cases for a given design case
  • Search for existing solutions to a design problem
  • Restructure information to facilitate the above
  • Adaptation of found design solution to existing
    situation(adjusting the set of variables)
  • Application of design solution to current
    problem(filling in the variables)

24
Artificial Intelligence
  • Technologies required
  • Matching information structuresboth at the
    typological and instantiated level
  • Finding similar types, finding new
    types,recognising new types,
  • Application of heuristics for non-exact matching
  • How to fill in the gaps or skip the irrelevant
  • Conversion of information structures
  • Resolve linguistic, cultural, stylistic
    differences
  • Adaptation techniques for both the conceptual
    level and the instantiation procedure
  • How to evaluate the variables of the design
    concept and how to apply them to the existing
    situation

25
Feature Management System
  • Based on XML technology
  • Makes resources from Internet available
  • Enables sharing through Internet
  • Standard communication format for design data and
    design knowledge

26
Feature Type Recognition
  • Recognising the emergence of new concepts
  • Recognising and verifying known typologies
  • Finding similarities between typologies for,
    e.g., exchange purposes

27
Topics in this presentation
  • Distributed Conceptual Design Knowledge
  • Design Support requirements
  • Knowledge modelling dissemination
  • Feature-Based Modelling
  • XML concept and potentials
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Feature Management System
  • Feature Type recognition

28
Feature Type Recognition
  • Support for consistency in the design task
  • Support for Case retrieval
  • Matching functional specs with technical
    solutions
  • Support for exchange of design data
  • Support for design evaluation
  • Support for consistency in the design task

29
Recognising the emergence of new concepts
Instanceswith ad-hoc modelled properties and
relationships
30
Recognising the emergence of new concepts
  • Involves
  • Examining the existing model, trying to find
    recurring patterns of interrelated concepts
  • Checking if such patterns match with existing
    typologies (e.g. aggregations),
  • if not
  • Proposing the definition of new Feature Types to
    represent the newborn design concepts

31
Recognising and verifying known typologies
illustration 1
32
Recognising and verifying known typologies
illustration 2
33
Recognising and verifying known typologies
  • Involves
  • Searching for instances of known major
    types(so-called root types)
  • If found attempt to match the context inthe
    model with the context in the typology
  • If not found attempt to infer instances of known
    types by examining the model and applying
    heuristics

34
Topics in this presentation
  • Distributed Conceptual Design Knowledge
  • Design Support requirements
  • Knowledge modelling dissemination
  • Feature-Based Modelling
  • XML concept and potentials
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Feature Management System
  • Feature Type recognition

35
To conclude
  • Feature-Based Modelling
  • enables designers to follow a dynamic design
    approach while benefiting from the capabilities
    of computer support
  • XML technology
  • confirms that the dynamic approach of design
    information modelling is a feasible and enhanced
    approach with great potentials
  • Case-Based Reasoning technologies
  • are currently being investigated and will be
    incorporated in the FBM information management
    environment

36
Discussion
  • Modelling approach
  • Artificial Intelligence methods and techniques
  • Application and testing environment
  • Organisational implementation issues

37
Thank you very muchfor your time and attention
  • More information and this presentationcan be
    found at these websites
  • www.ds.arch.tue.nl/jos
  • jos.civil.ist.utl.pt
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